Nutrition

Roles of proteins in the body include:

1. building enzymes, hormones and neurotransmitters 2. transporting substances as part of hemoglobin and lipoproteins 3. maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

The DRI minimum for total carbohydrates to stave off ketosis for an average-sized adult is _____ grams per day.

130

Carbohydrate has _________ calories per gram.

4

A 23-year-old male college student, who has a sedentary lifestyle, weighs 175 pounds. What is his DRI for protein?

64 grams a day

Which of the following statements about daily protein needs is TRUE?

Healhty adults need bout 1--35% of total calories for protein

When describing the ways in which food choices impact a person's health, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Heart disease, diabetes and some kinds of cancer are linked to poor diet

_______________is the type of diabetes in which the pancreas produces no or very little insulin and is often diagnosed in childhood, and _____________ is the type of diabetes in which the pancreas may make plenty of insulin but the body's cells resist insulin's action and is often diagnosed in adulthood.

Type 1, Type 2

_____________________ is the highest average daily nutrient intake levels that are likely to pose no risk of toxicity.

UL

According to research, what is the relationship between dietary carbohydrates and body weight?

added sugars provide many of the excess calories that cause weight gain among US adults

Which of the following stores fat and fat-related substances for long-term energy needs? Group of answer choices

apidose tissue

Which of the following statements about lipid digestion is TRUE?

bile attracts both fat and water in the small intestine for enzyme activity

Which of the following best describes the digestion, absorption, and transportation of fat?

biles emulsifies fat for enzyme activity in the small intestine, large lipid fragments are combined with protein to be carried in the lymph to the bloodstream

Which of the following best summarizes the exchange of materials that takes place as the body fluids circulate around the tissues?

blood and lymph deliver needed materials to do all the same body cells and carry waste away form them

Which of the following statements is false concerning the body's handling of glucose?

body fat can be converted into glucose to feed the brain adequately

Which of the following is an example of a processed food?

bread

Potential problems associated with too little protein consumption includes all of the following EXCEPT:

cancer

Potential problems associated with too little protein consumption includes all of the following EXCEPT: Group of answer choices

cancer

Which of the following best describes how carbohydrates are converted to glucose in the human body?

carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, then to the small intestine where starch and disaccharides are broken down to monosaccharides to be absorbed and sent to the liver for glucose conversion

The energy-yielding nutrients include:

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats

When you see that foods have a high nutrient density, you should:

choose them because they form the foundation of the diet in the USDA eating patterns

Current dietary guidelines for the United States recommend:

consume 45-65% of total calories from carbohydrates, increase consumption of fiber-rich, whole-food sources of carbohydrates

Which of the following represents a recommendation for lipid intake in healthy people? Group of answer choices

consume less than 10% of total energy intake from saturated fat

Which of the following statements is true?

each cell's nucleus contains DNA

The major function of the kidneys is to:​

excrete wastes from the body in urine

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, people should increase their total saturated fat intake to maintain good health.

false

Because they arise as natural constituents of foods, phytochemicals are safe to consume in large amounts as supplements.

false

Vegetarians have a significantly higher rate of hypertension than meat eaters.

false

The most energy-rich nutrient is:

fat

Which of the following best describes how fat is used for energy?

fat cells dismantle stored triglycerides and release fatty acids in the blood for energy use

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways fats are useful in foods?

fats provide a low-calorie source of energy when compared to carbohydrates

____________ is the indigestible form of carbohydrate that has numerous health benefits

fiber

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are: Group of answer choices

found in seafood and fish

Dietary monosaccharides include ___________________. Group of answer choices

fructose, glucose, and galactose

Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?

fruits

Which of the following food groups does not provide significant protein?​ Group of answer choices

fruits

A major guideline for healthy people is to limit their calorie intake and consume more and varied selections of _____. Group of answer choices

fruits and vegetables

A major guideline for healthy people is to limit calorie intakes and obtain more and varied selections of _____.

fruits and vegtables

The best way to achieve a desirable fiber intake is to include _____ in the diet. Group of answer choices

fruits, vegetables, and grains

Which of the following best describes how the hormonal system in body functions?

glands monitor changing conditions in the body and respond by secreting hormones that stimulate organs to take action

Which of the following best describes how the hormonal system interacts with body functions?

glands monitor changing conditions in the body respond by secreting hormones that stimulate organs to take actions

_____________ is a single sugar used in both plant and animal tissue for energy.

glucose

Which of the following explains how plants synthesize carbohydrates?

green plants make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water using green pigment chlorophyll to capture the sun's energy in a process called pohtosynthesis

Which of the following ground meats has the least amount of saturated fat?

ground round

What are the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) designed to do?

health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people

Potential problems associated with excess protein intake include:

heart disease if not too much fatty and processed meat is consumed

______________ are swollen, hardened veins in the rectum, usually caused by pressure resulting from constipation.

hemorrhoids

The main dietary factor associated with elevated blood cholesterol is:

high saturated and trans fat intakes

All of the following statements about hydrogenation is TRUE except:

hydrogenation makes the product more saturated

Which of the following statements properly outlines the process of hydrogenation and its effects on health?

hydrogenation occurs when hydrogen is introduced to an unsaturated fat making it saturated and more harmful to heart health

Which of the following statements about hydrogenation and health is TRUE?

hydrogenation produces trans fatty acids which are associated with increased ris of cardiovascular disease

Your food intake on a daily basis affects your health because:

improper balance of nutrients over time can lead to chronic diseases like heart disease, stroke, cancer, and diabetes in the future

Which of the following is not a benefit of fiber?

increased blood cholesterol levels

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a nutritious diet?

it ensures limited intake of saturated fats, added sugars and salt

Which statements concerning cholesterol is false?

it is an essential nutrient

The first three items in the ingredients list on a bottle of orange juice are "sugar, citric acid, orange flavour." What does this mean?

it states that sugar is the chief ingredient in the juice

Which of the following best describes the process of absorption and transportation of fats?

large lipid fragments are combined with protein into lipoproteins that travel in the lymph to the bloodstream

According to the Dietary Guidelines, Americans should consume which of the following?

less total calories form saturated fat

Which of the following is a storage site that stores nutrients for release to meet the cells' needs between meals?

live

Which of the following is a storage site for 1/3 of the body's glycogen that releases glucose in the bloodstream? Group of answer choices

liver

Which of the following is characteristic of a diet to reduce heart disease risk?

low in trans fat

Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

lysine

Which of the following helps prevent type 2 diabetes?

maintaining a healthy body weight

A ____________ fatty acid is carrying the max number of hydrogens, while a ____________ has one of more points missing a hydrogen.

monounsaturated, polyunsaturated

Digestion of most starch begins in the:

mouth

__________ accounts for about 40% of all body proteins.

muscle

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?

nitrogen

A slice of peach pie supplies 375 calories with 48 units of vitamin A; one large peach provides 42 calories and 53 units of vitamin A. This is an explanation of how ________________ can facilitate diet planning.

nutrient density

Which of the following sets of foods is devoid of carbohydrate?

oils and solid fats

The ____________ manufactures enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients.

pancreas

When describing the science of nutrition, which of the following statements is considered FALSE?

preliminary results of single studies are considered valid

Foods that have been subjected to the addition of additives, milling, or cooking are called _____ foods.

processed

Which of the following describes the role (s) of the liver in the excretory system? Group of answer choices

processes waste to be sent to he digestive tract to be removed as fences or prepares the to be sent to the kidneys

Which of the following statements about daily protein needs is TRUE?

protein requirements for most healthy adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight

Which of the following nutrients can yield energy and provide materials for forming the structures and working parts of body tissues?

proteins

Which of the following statements about protein digestion and absorption is TRUE? Group of answer choices

proteins must be denatured in the stomach in order for enzymes to break them down

Which of the following is set upon the scientific basis formed by the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)?

recommended dietary allowances (RDA)

Removing gluten from the diet has been shown to:

resolve digestive problems i people with celilac diease

The bottom portion of the Nutrition Facts panel on a food package:

serves as a reminder of the daily values for the selected nutrients

_______________ include monosacharides and disaccharides, and ___________ include long chains of glucose molecules that form starch and fiber.

simple carbohydrates, complex, carbohydrates

Which of the following would be considered "earmarks of nutrition quackery"?

sounds too good to be true

Which classification of lipid is composed of large carbon rings and includes cholesterol?

sterol

The disaccharides include:

sucrose, maltose, and lactose

When discussing the significance of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), which of the following would be TRUE for Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)?

the RDA are used as nutrient intake goals for individuals based on solid experimental data

The bonds that link glucose units into polysaccharides are not all the same. Which of the following is true of these bonds?

the bonds of starch are found in plants and are easily broken by human exzymes

Carbohydrates are essential for providing energy to the body because:

the glucose obtained from them is an important fuel for most of the body's cells

Which of the following is a consequence of alcohol abuse?

the live expels folate into the blood for excretion

Which of the following reasons would you give for not trusting the news media for nutrition information?

the news media often sensationalizes single-study findings

Which of the following best summarizes how the digestive system provides nutrients to the body tissues?

the pancreas manufactures digestive enzymes that are released into the small intestine, primary site for digestion and absorption

Which of the following factors helps distinguish one amino acid from another?

the side chain

Which of the following statements is true of essential amino acids?

these amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body

Which of the following is a characteristic of Daily Values? Group of answer choices

they are ideal for comparisons among different packaged foods

which of the following is not a function of essential fatty acids?

they provide raw materials for the synthesis of trans fat in the body

The major role of all vitamins and minerals in the human body is:

to act as regulators in all body processes

For what purpose did the USDA develop MyPlate as a consumer tool?

to help consumers understand and apply the USDA eating patterns

A triglyceride molecule consists of:

tree fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol

Varying food choices among and within food groups in the USDA Eating Patterns helps ensure adequate nutrient intakes and protects against consuming large amounts of toxins or contaminants from any one food.

true

A good way for Jason to lower his LDL would be to:

use olive oil in the place of butter

_________ are blood vessels that carry carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the heart.

veins

All of the following cause denaturation of proteins except:

water

Which of the following nutrients is needed in the most quantity and is considered the most critical?

water