Nutrition

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

20-35

percent range of fat macronutrient for adults

10-35

percent range of protein macronutrient for adults

AI and RDAs

2 things that can be used as a goal for individual intake

RDA; AI; UL; EER; AMDR

5 values under DRIs that vary by age and gender

starch, sugar, fiber

Categories of carbohydrates

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Estimated amount of a nutrient per day at which the needs of 50% of the population will be met; statistical mean requirement; average over time

nutritionism

Term coined by Michael Pollan, that refers to many people's tendency to focus on nutrients instead of foods.

AI

The issuance of an ___ is an indication that more research is needed to determine, with some degree of confidence, the mean and distribution of requirements for a specific nutrient

MyPlate

USDA's interactive internet dietary and menu planning guide

whole and refined

What are the 2 groups of grains?

grains vegetables fruits dairy protein

What are the 5 food groups according to the USDAs MyPlate?

energy balance

___ in an individual depends on his or her dietary intake and energy expenditure, and if not done properly can result in weight loss or weight gain, usually of body fat

energy

___ is required to sustain the body's various functions, including respiration, circulation, physical work, and maintenance of core body temp

nutrient

a source of nourishment, especially an ingredient in food

The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990

permits the use of label claims that characterize the level of a nutrient in a food if they have been authorized by FDA and are made in accordance with FDAs authorizing regulations

food

any nourishing substance that is eaten, drunk, or otherwise taken into the body to sustain life, provide energy, promote growth, etc.

Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004

applies to the labeling of foods regulated by FDA which includes all foods except poultry, most meats, certain egg products, and most alcoholic beverages which are regulated by other Federal agencies

protein, iron, zinc

beans and peas are similar to meat in that they provide ___,___, and ___.

fiber, folate, potassium

beans and peas are similar to vegetables in that they are high in ___, ___, and ___.

legumes

beans and peas are the mature form of ____.

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

reduced, lower, and higher

comparison words that can only be used to compare to the original product

nutrient content claims

describe the level of a nutrient in the product using terms such as free, high, and low, or they compare the level of a nutrient in a food to that of another food using terms such as more, reduced, and lite

carbs, proteins, fats

energy yielding nutrients

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

establishes the labeling requirements for foods under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and its amendments

conventional foods

generally, raw produce (fruits and vegetables) and fish are considered ____ and labeling for them is voluntary

lean

go ___ with protein!

they are set at 2 standard deviations higher than the mean

how are RDAs set?

physical characteristics

how much and how often one eats should depend on their ___.

avoid, recognize, and manage

important measures to prevent serious health consequences in terms of food allergies

sugar

in reality, when fat is lowered, ___ is often increased

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

issued by the food and nutrition board of Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences; general term for a set of reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes of healthy people

macro

large amounts

low, high, light, and no

non-comparison words that don't make you compare to the original product but are only talking about one nutrient

vitamins, minerals, water

non-energy yielding nutrients

in order of predominance; greatest; smaller

on a product label, the ingredients are listed in ______, with the ingredients used in the ___ amount first, followed by those in ___ amounts.

45-65

percent range of carbohydrate macronutrient for adults

Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004

requires the declaration of eight key allergens on FDA regulated product labels

Daily Reference Values (DRVs)

set of numerical quantities developed by the FDA for the dietary intake of energy-containing macronutrients, including carbohydrates, cholesterol, fat, fibre, saturated fatty acids, potassium, protein, and sodium.

Adequate Intake (AI)

set when you don't have insufficient evidence to get an RDA; gives less certainty; taking what you have and working with it; set at a level assumed to ensure nutritional adequacy

micro

small, minute

authorized health claims

supported by extensive scientific evidence and experts in the scientific community; must be significant scientific agreement (SSA) among qualified experts; provides high level of confidence

qualified health claim

supported by some scientific evidence, but does not meet the SSA standard; must be accompanied by a disclaimer or other qualifying language to accurately communicate the level of scientific evidence supporting the claim

nutrition

the act or process of nourishing or being nourished; specifically: the sum of the processes by which an animal or plant takes in and utilizes food substances

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

the average daily amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all (98%) healthy people; a goal for dietary intake by individuals

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

the average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult

-milk -eggs -fish -crustacean shellfish -tree nuts -peanuts -wheat -soybeans

the eight most common allergenic foods or "major food allergens"

oxydation

the energy in food is released in the body by ___, yielding the chemical energy (ATP) needed for body functions

color

the label must list the names of any FDA-certified ___ additives

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

the maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people and beyond which there is an increased risk of adverse health effects

-in parentheses following the name of the ingredient -immediately after or next to the list of ingredients in a "contains" statement

the name of the food source of a major food allergen must appear in one of what 2 ways?

nutrition

the process by which organisms take in and utilize food materials

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

the range of energy intakes that should come from each macronutrient to provide a balanced diet; the ranges of macronutrient intake that are associated with reduced risk of chronic disease, while providing recommended intakes of other nutrients

nutrition

the science or study of, or a course of study in nutrition, especially in humans

nourish

to sustain with food or nutriment; supply with what is necessary for life, health, and growth.

- quantity or portion size of a food group - the frequency of consumption

two parts of an eating pattern?

food

we don't eat nutrients, we eat ___.

-dark green -starchy -red and orange -beans and peas -"other"

what are the 5 subgroups of vegetables?

carbs, proteins, fats or lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water

what are the 6 classes of nutrients?

food made from milk that retains its calcium and also calcium fortified soymilk

what foods are included in the dairy group?

carbs, proteins, fats, and water

what foods do we measure in macros?

vitamins and minerals

what foods do we measure in micros?

person with a deficiency

what is an exception to UL?

lack fiber

what is the downside of fruit juices?

when working with food to increase/decrease certain nutrients, you will by default increase/decrease other nutrients

what is the take away from the term nutrient multicollinerarity from DASH Diet studies?

mercury; omega-3

when choosing seafood as a source of protein, go low in ___ and high in ___.

fortify or enrich

with refined grains, most of the tie, the US will ___ or ___ them to add things like vitamins and minerals back, but fiber gets left out


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