OB Ch. 4

Select predicted changes in diversity in the United States between 2020 and 2060

1. Asian population percentage will increase 2. Hispanic population percentage will increase 3. African American population percentage will grow

Which of the following statements regarding attribution theory are true

1. Attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences 2. Ability is an internal factor 3. The three dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creation of attributions

Which of the following are true considering managerial implications of atttributional tendencies

1. Attributional biases can lead to inappropriate managerial action and, subsequently, decreased employee motivation and performance 2. The way employees perform depends on the attributions they make for their performance 3. The role of internal causes of behavior is usually exaggerated

Mismatches between work and education can include

1. Being overqualified for a job 2. Lacking skills employers want 3. Being unable to read well

Rank the four steps in the stereotyping process with the first step at the top

1. Categorization 2. Inferences 3. Expectations 4. Maintenance

Which of the following are true concerning implicit congnition

1. It comes from people's memory 2. It can lead to biased decisions 3. It happens without conscious awareness

Select improvement made in the workplace by 2016 relative to female discrimination

1. More seats on boards of directors 2. Leadership positions in educational institutions rose 3. Educational attainment increased

Which of the following are true concerning the experience of the LGBTQ workforce

1. Over half of the states do not offer workplace protections on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity 2. The lack of inclusion often experienced by LGBTQ employees can impact their work engagement and performance 3. Work environments that are unwelcoming can lead to increased turnover of LGBTQ employees

Select ways firms can retain an aging workforce

1. Proved challenging work assignments 2. Ensure the older work received sensitive, high-quality supervision 3. Design a stimulating and fun work enviroment

Select ways companies are responding to the challenges of diversity

1. Providing training to bridge the gap between education and job 2. Helping Hispanics succeed 3. Resolving generational differences

Select actions that employees feel represent good leadership

1. Telling others that they have done well 2. Setting specific goals for the group 3. Assigning tasks to group members

Demographics are statistical measurements of population qualities such as

1. age 2. gender 3. race

Organizations cannot discriminate due to

1. age 2. race 3. pregnancy

Select the four layers of diversity

1. external influences 2. internal influences 3. organizational dimensions 4. personality

The three components of perception include

1. target 2. situation 3. perceiver

Examples of external influences of diversity are:

1. your work experiences 2. your religious affiliation 3. where you live

Gen 2020

23 million and counting Social Media

Traditionalist

38.6 million Great Depression

Gen Xers

62 million MTV AIDS

Baby Boomer

78.3 million Vietnam War

Millennials

92 million September 11th Terrorist attacks

Generational differences in the workforce

Are larger than ever

Consensus

Compared an individual's behavior to that of his or her peers High consensus means persons are in consensus

Distinctiveness

Compares a person's performance on one task to behavior on other tasks Low distinctiveness means all tasks are similar

__________ are statistical measurements of populations and their qualities such as age, race, gender or income over time

Demographics

True or false: The diversity climate is not very important within a firm

False

People with disabilities

Have a higher unemployment rate than those without disabilities

Consistency

Judges whether a person's performance on a task is consistent over time High consistency means no change in performance over time

Faulty ______ about good versus poor performance can lead to inaccurate performance apprailsals

Perceptions

Managers can reduce the effect of stereotypes by

Providing education about how stereotypes work

Which of the following is true of stereotypes

They are an individual's feelings about a group of people

Diversity Climate

a subcomponent of an organization's overall atmosphere as defined by employees' aggregate perceptions about the firms diversity related format structure characteristics and informal values

Recognition that the organization's markets and constituencies are culturally diverse is called a(n) ________ and _________ perspective on diversity

access, legitimacy

The _________ option in Thomas' framework is based on the premise that eventually all people will learn to blend in or become like the dominant group

assimilate

The fundamental _______ _______ leads people to disregard environmental influences on behavior

attribute bias

When considering _______ theory, managers should remember that other attributional biases may lead managers to take inappropriate actions.

attribution

Employees evaluations of leader effectiveness are strongly influenced by their schema, or _______________ ________________, of what constitutes good and poor leadership

categorical knowledge

The ______ option in Thomas'framework means people refute that differences exist

deny

The number or race-based _________ cases deemed to have reasonable cause by US EEO commission more than doubled from 1995 to 2015

discrimination

Gardenswartz and Rowe identified layers of __________ to help distinguish the important ways which people differ

diversity

Diversity applies to

everybody

The _______ ________ ________ option in Thomas' framework means people are willing to adapt or change their views for the sake of creating positive relationships

foster mutual adaptation

The workforce includes greater ________ diversity than ever before due to the population getting older but continuing to hold jobs

generational

The ________ _______ is an unseen barrier that stops women from advancing to hight-level positions

glass ceiling

The __________/________ option in Thomas's framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels

include/exclude

The _______ option in Thomas' framework is based on the action of moving the diverse person off to the side

isolate

Diversity

management focuses on changing and organization's culture and infrastructure such that people work to the highest productivity possible

Reasons for managing diversity go beyond its _________, _________, or _________ dimensions

moral, social, legal

Research as shown that affirmative action programs

negatively impact the people they are designed to help

Programs to help people come back to their career after taking a break are known as

on-ramping

Organizational behavior is more focused on the perception of ________ rather than objects

people

A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings is called

perception

The _______ _______ option in Thomas' framework is based on the belief that good relationships can rise above differences

relationship building

One's inclination to take more credit for success than for failure is called

self-serving bias

Studies show that women have a harder time being perceived as effective leaders, which is a result of a negative

stereotype

The ______ option in Thomas' framework means that differences are squelched or discourgaged

suppress

Casual attributions refer to

suspected reasons for behavior

Psychological Safety

the extent to which people feel comfortable to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences

The _____ option in Thomas' framework involves acknowledging difference but not prizing or accepting them

tolerate

When someone has a job that takes less education than they have, it is called

underemployment