OB Ch. 4
Select predicted changes in diversity in the United States between 2020 and 2060
1. Asian population percentage will increase 2. Hispanic population percentage will increase 3. African American population percentage will grow
Which of the following statements regarding attribution theory are true
1. Attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences 2. Ability is an internal factor 3. The three dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creation of attributions
Which of the following are true considering managerial implications of atttributional tendencies
1. Attributional biases can lead to inappropriate managerial action and, subsequently, decreased employee motivation and performance 2. The way employees perform depends on the attributions they make for their performance 3. The role of internal causes of behavior is usually exaggerated
Mismatches between work and education can include
1. Being overqualified for a job 2. Lacking skills employers want 3. Being unable to read well
Rank the four steps in the stereotyping process with the first step at the top
1. Categorization 2. Inferences 3. Expectations 4. Maintenance
Which of the following are true concerning implicit congnition
1. It comes from people's memory 2. It can lead to biased decisions 3. It happens without conscious awareness
Select improvement made in the workplace by 2016 relative to female discrimination
1. More seats on boards of directors 2. Leadership positions in educational institutions rose 3. Educational attainment increased
Which of the following are true concerning the experience of the LGBTQ workforce
1. Over half of the states do not offer workplace protections on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity 2. The lack of inclusion often experienced by LGBTQ employees can impact their work engagement and performance 3. Work environments that are unwelcoming can lead to increased turnover of LGBTQ employees
Select ways firms can retain an aging workforce
1. Proved challenging work assignments 2. Ensure the older work received sensitive, high-quality supervision 3. Design a stimulating and fun work enviroment
Select ways companies are responding to the challenges of diversity
1. Providing training to bridge the gap between education and job 2. Helping Hispanics succeed 3. Resolving generational differences
Select actions that employees feel represent good leadership
1. Telling others that they have done well 2. Setting specific goals for the group 3. Assigning tasks to group members
Demographics are statistical measurements of population qualities such as
1. age 2. gender 3. race
Organizations cannot discriminate due to
1. age 2. race 3. pregnancy
Select the four layers of diversity
1. external influences 2. internal influences 3. organizational dimensions 4. personality
The three components of perception include
1. target 2. situation 3. perceiver
Examples of external influences of diversity are:
1. your work experiences 2. your religious affiliation 3. where you live
Gen 2020
23 million and counting Social Media
Traditionalist
38.6 million Great Depression
Gen Xers
62 million MTV AIDS
Baby Boomer
78.3 million Vietnam War
Millennials
92 million September 11th Terrorist attacks
Generational differences in the workforce
Are larger than ever
Consensus
Compared an individual's behavior to that of his or her peers High consensus means persons are in consensus
Distinctiveness
Compares a person's performance on one task to behavior on other tasks Low distinctiveness means all tasks are similar
__________ are statistical measurements of populations and their qualities such as age, race, gender or income over time
Demographics
True or false: The diversity climate is not very important within a firm
False
People with disabilities
Have a higher unemployment rate than those without disabilities
Consistency
Judges whether a person's performance on a task is consistent over time High consistency means no change in performance over time
Faulty ______ about good versus poor performance can lead to inaccurate performance apprailsals
Perceptions
Managers can reduce the effect of stereotypes by
Providing education about how stereotypes work
Which of the following is true of stereotypes
They are an individual's feelings about a group of people
Diversity Climate
a subcomponent of an organization's overall atmosphere as defined by employees' aggregate perceptions about the firms diversity related format structure characteristics and informal values
Recognition that the organization's markets and constituencies are culturally diverse is called a(n) ________ and _________ perspective on diversity
access, legitimacy
The _________ option in Thomas' framework is based on the premise that eventually all people will learn to blend in or become like the dominant group
assimilate
The fundamental _______ _______ leads people to disregard environmental influences on behavior
attribute bias
When considering _______ theory, managers should remember that other attributional biases may lead managers to take inappropriate actions.
attribution
Employees evaluations of leader effectiveness are strongly influenced by their schema, or _______________ ________________, of what constitutes good and poor leadership
categorical knowledge
The ______ option in Thomas'framework means people refute that differences exist
deny
The number or race-based _________ cases deemed to have reasonable cause by US EEO commission more than doubled from 1995 to 2015
discrimination
Gardenswartz and Rowe identified layers of __________ to help distinguish the important ways which people differ
diversity
Diversity applies to
everybody
The _______ ________ ________ option in Thomas' framework means people are willing to adapt or change their views for the sake of creating positive relationships
foster mutual adaptation
The workforce includes greater ________ diversity than ever before due to the population getting older but continuing to hold jobs
generational
The ________ _______ is an unseen barrier that stops women from advancing to hight-level positions
glass ceiling
The __________/________ option in Thomas's framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels
include/exclude
The _______ option in Thomas' framework is based on the action of moving the diverse person off to the side
isolate
Diversity
management focuses on changing and organization's culture and infrastructure such that people work to the highest productivity possible
Reasons for managing diversity go beyond its _________, _________, or _________ dimensions
moral, social, legal
Research as shown that affirmative action programs
negatively impact the people they are designed to help
Programs to help people come back to their career after taking a break are known as
on-ramping
Organizational behavior is more focused on the perception of ________ rather than objects
people
A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings is called
perception
The _______ _______ option in Thomas' framework is based on the belief that good relationships can rise above differences
relationship building
One's inclination to take more credit for success than for failure is called
self-serving bias
Studies show that women have a harder time being perceived as effective leaders, which is a result of a negative
stereotype
The ______ option in Thomas' framework means that differences are squelched or discourgaged
suppress
Casual attributions refer to
suspected reasons for behavior
Psychological Safety
the extent to which people feel comfortable to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences
The _____ option in Thomas' framework involves acknowledging difference but not prizing or accepting them
tolerate
When someone has a job that takes less education than they have, it is called
underemployment