OB chapter 4 questions

The _______ option in Thomas' framework is based on the premise that eventually all people will learn to blend in or become like the dominant group.

assimilate

Which of the following are methods that have been used by major corporations to respond to issues regarding sexual orientation and transgender rights?

assisting with taxes imposed on same-sex couples in states that did not recognize same-sex marriage offering transgender-inclusive health insurance maintaining an inclusive culture

The premise that people infer causes for observed behavior is the basis of ______ theory.

attribution

Assigning someone's behavior to his or her personal characteristics instead of the circumstances is called:

fundamental attribution bias

A cognitive process that enables people to interpret and understand their surroundings is called

perception

Managers can reduce the effect of stereotypes by

providing education about how stereotypes work

Which approach did Target use in its social media campaign to target a new core demographic?

using Spanish words that have no English equivalent

Organizations compete more effectively when employees feel their managers are doing which of the following?

valuing them supporting them including them

Rank the four steps in the stereotyping process with the first step at the top

1. categorization 2. inferences 3. expectations 4. maintenance

Select predicted changes in diversity in the United States between 2020 and 2060.

African American population percentage will grow. Hispanic population percentage will increase. Asian population percentage will increase.

Which of the following statements regarding attribution theory are true?

Attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences. The three dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creation of attributions. Ability is an internal factor.

Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing three dimensions of behavior called

Blank 1: consensus Blank 2: distinctiveness Blank 3: consistency

Which of the following are true concerning implicit cognition?

It comes from people's memory. It happens without conscious awareness. It can lead to biased decisions.

Select the steps in the process of stereotyping

Maintenance Categorization Expectation Inferences

Which of the following is true of stereotypes?

They are an individual's feelings about a group of people

Managers should remember that _____________ biases may lead managers to misinterpret employee behavior and take inappropriate actions.

attributional

Affirmative action programs

can be voluntary or mandatory.

The ways managers can work to reduce stereotyping include:

creating opportunities for diverse employees to work together as equals encouraging employees to increase their awareness of stereotypes educating employees about how stereotypes influence behavior

In the coming years, the population percentage of non-Hispanic whites in the US is predicted to see:

decline

The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities, such as age, gender, race, and income over time are:

demographic

The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities such as age, gender, race, and income over time are

demographics

Managing _______ helps maintain and grow an organization in an increasingly competitive marketplace.

diversity

is the many individual differences and similarities among people.

diversity

Diversity applies to:

everybody

True or false: Stereotypes are always negative.

false

When considering attribution theory, managers should remember that we tend to attribute behavior to ___________ causes.

internal

Managing diversity and targeting specific demographics

is a good business move

our personal and professional success most heavily depends on

others' perceptions of you.

Which stage of social perception involves turning mental perceptions into real-world judgments and decisions?

retrieval and response

The three components of perception include

situation. perceiver. target.

Causal attributions refer to

suspected causes of behavior.

A firm that lacks diversity among its workforce but insists that the company does not take into account factors such as age, gender, or ethnicity in making hiring decisions is using which generic action option in response to diversity issues?

deny

The _________ option in Thomas's framework means people refute that differences exist.

deny

One's tendency to blame another person's behavior on that person's personal characteristics as opposed to situational influences is known as

fundamental attribution bias

Which type of bias contributes the most to managers inaccurately evaluating a job applicant's suitability for a job?

fundamental attribution bias

Characteristics of the perceiver include

gender and emotional status. direction of gaze. cognitive load.

An invisible barrier that restrains women from reaching higher-level positions is called the:

glass ceiling

Any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are examples of

implicit cognition

Which generic action option is an outgrowth of affirmative action programs and attempts to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people throughout an organization?

include/exclude

A cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings is called:

perception

Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs. 2

prejudice ethnocentrism inaccurate stereotypes

Place the stages of social perception in order, with the first stage at the top.

1. selective attention/comprehension 2. encoding and simplification 3. storage and retention 4. retrieval and response

The________ ___________ is an unseen barrier that stops women from advancing to higher-level positions.

Blank 1: glass Blank 2: ceiling

The___________ / _________ option in Thomas' framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels of the firm

Blank 1: include Blank 2: exclude

Heider's attribution theory proposed that behavior can be attributed to either _____________ factors, such as ability, or_____________ factors, such as a difficult task.

Blank 1: internal Blank 2: external

Affirmative action programs have generated many opportunities for____________ and ___________ .

Blank 1: women or females Blank 2: minorities

In response to changes in its core customer demographics, Target launched a campaign to reach out to ______ customers.

Hispanic

True or false: The U.S. government disqualifies transgender people from serving in the military.

True In 2019 the Trump administration banned transgender people from military service.

What is the best way to celebrate your uniqueness while remembering that some people are uncomfortable with individual differences?

Just be yourself.

Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs.

Negative diversity climate Unsupportive or hostile work environment Poor career planning

Which of the following are ways in which organizations pursue an assimilation approach to diversity issues?

by employing orientation programs that introduce standard operating procedures by using recruitment practices that emphasize company values by providing policies that instruct employees on what to do in specific situations