OB exam 1
Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor in Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model?
Advancement
is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion.
Autonomy
Damarra recently visited the Mayan temple at Chitzen Itza in the Yucatan. She was humbled by its feeling of age and history, particularly because she is of Mayan descent. ________ is the emotion she is likely feeling.
Awe
are the statistical measurements of populations and their qualities (such as age, race, gender, or income) over time.
Demographics
What kind of a response is a manager completing when he or she eliminates the situation in which the problem occurs?
Dissolving
"Individual differences" is a narrow category only used to describe the "Big Five" personality attributes.
False
According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory, hygiene factors are more frequently associated with the content of the task being performed.
False
According to the contingency approach there is always a single way to manage people, teams, or organizations.
False
Acting unethically also means that the person is participating in illegal activity.
False
Content theories of motivation focus on how internal factors and environmental characteristics influence employee motivation.
False
Intelligence cannot be modified or altered.
False
Job enlargement is the process of modifying a job to increase the opportunities to experience achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement.
False
Organizational commitment exists to the degree that the person is satisfied with his or her job.
False
Research has shown that despite the assumption many managers make, proactivity is unrelated to work performance.
False
Self-esteem is a broad personality trait composed of self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability.
False
The goal of the job characteristics model is to promote low extrinsic motivation.
False
The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of individual, group, and organizational factors.
False
Theory X employees find self-engaging activities within the company and are committed to their jobs.
False
occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it's carried out through third parties.
Indirect Blindness
The person-situation distinction allows you to consider unique individual factors as well as situation factors that might be the source of the problem. If an employee leaves because his or her job has become boring and less meaningful, this reflects a(n) ________ factor.
Individual
Which of the following is the most fixed of a person's individual differences?
Intelligence
________ is the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals.
Organizational commitment
Devon enjoys the job that he's been at since graduating from college three years ago. He has a friend who just took a similar position at another firm and the company has an opening that would fit Devon's experience. The company is offering a 20 percent wage increase, as well a leadership role after a three-month training program. When considering this offer, Devon is thinking about ________ factors.
Situation
Assimilation and denial are options for action to address diversity issues in an organization; however, they are not among the preferred options.
True
Attitudes have three components: affective, cognitive, and behavioral.
True
Ethnocentrism is based on the feeling that our cultural rules and norms are superior to or more appropriate than the rules and norms of another culture.
True
Hard skills are the technical expertise and knowledge required to do a particular task or job function, such as financial analysis, accounting, or operations.
True
In Maslow's need hierarchy, the most basic need (and the one that must be met first) is physiological.
True
Job crafting may involve changing task boundaries, the relational nature of a job, or cognitions about the job.
True
Job satisfaction is not a unitary concept; a person may be satisfied with one aspect of his or her job and dissatisfied with one or more other aspects.
True
Linguistic intelligence is the potential to learn and use spoken and written languages.
True
One cause of the increase in intelligence observed in developed countries is better nutrition.
True
People program themselves for success or failure by enacting their self-efficacy expectations.
True
People with an external locus of control generally earn lower salaries than those with an internal locus of control.
True
Perception is influenced by three key components: the characteristics of the perceiver, of the target, and of the situation.
True
Renowned psychologist, Martin Seligman, proposed that "well-being" is made up positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement (or PERMA).
True
Situations and people are both dynamic—they change.
True
The "organizing framework" for understanding and applying OB is based on the systems approach.
True
The term glass ceiling identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.
True
Unethical behavior erodes trust, and also negatively affects cooperation in organizations.
True
When making attributions about a worker's performance, people can assign responsibility to either internal or external factors.
True
Noel says, "I can type 70 words per minute with no errors." He is expressing
a high self efficacy
Interpersonal skills involve all of the following:
active listening, respectful interactions. positive attitudes, effective communications
People with __________ often see the causes of events in their lives as due to luck or other environmental factors
an external locus of control
What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it assumes that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group?
assimilation
You are unlikely to say anything to someone smoking on your smoke-free campus if you have no intention of confronting the smoker. Your intention reflects the __________ component of your attitude toward people smoking on campus.
behaviorial
Personal attitudes affect ________ via ________.
behaviors; intentions
is the shared belief that drives people to help others who are suffering.
compassion
Harold Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing
consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.
Rosario and Pamela work together. They are also friends outside of work. Rosario and Pamela are constantly texting each other. Their supervisor comments that, while this might be fine outside of work, it's inappropriate to constantly text each other in the office. This is an example of
context of interaction
When Martin has a perceived conflict with a coworker, he will send them emails that are taunting or insulting. This is an example of
counterproductive work behaviors
Soft skills include
critical thinking, decision making, problem solving, active listening,
Which of the following statements is true?
employees level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance
The ________ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness.
equity
Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of ________ outcomes.
expected
Big Five personality dimensions?
extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
An employee who values tradition and conformity over achievement will be more than happy to work on a holiday or to miss a child's soccer game.
false
Diversity refers to age, gender, and religion, but does not include personality. Group starts
false
Explaining the what, where, how, and why is an example of being fit and fair when monitoring performance.
false
Feedback has only one primary purpose for those who receive it: motivation.
false
Female entrepreneurs looking for funding for their start-ups have an easier time than their male counterparts in obtaining venture capital due to gender bias on the part of investors.
false
Intense political debate is a technique of practicing mindfulness.
false
Step 1 of the performance management process is monitoring and evaluating performance.
false
When you are startled by an unexpected loud noise or react to the touch of a hot surface, you are demonstrating operant behavior.
false
is defined as the state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.
flow
A virtuous leader demonstrates all of the following except
following immoral principles
Lorenzo, a new lawyer at Hughes, Hernandez, and Long, is under pressure to maximize his billable hours. If he doesn't bill enough hours, he will receive negative performance reviews and is likely to lose his job. Lorenzo starts rounding up the minutes on each of his phone calls and meetings to the next 10-minute level. This is an example of
ill-conceived goals
Effective feedback is
information
Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all of the following except
interpersonal experience
The potential to understand and regulate yourself is ________ intelligence.
intrapersonal
Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence?
intrapersonal intelligence
Self-determination theory focuses on the needs that drive ________ motivation.
intrinsic
The final step of the three-step approach of the organizing framework is
make recommendations
Sam needs to study for an upcoming test in his business law course. His roommate is driving him crazy by singing and whistling. Sam heads for the library and finds a quiet room in the back so he can study more effectively. Sam is increasing his
mindfulness
A person will experience ________ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.
negative inequity
programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs.
onboarding
In the recency perceptual error, a person
over relies on information from the last portion of the review period
Marcos set himself a goal of being able to hold plank for 5 minutes by the end of 4 weeks. This is a(n) ________ goal.
performance
Which of the following is not a factor that affects perceptions of feedback?
personal relationship with the feedback giver
Which of the following is not a primary output and function of most performance management systems?
providing punishment
Manuel works for ABC Corporation. He feels quite comfortable expressing his opinions about a wide variety of issues facing the company without fear of reprisal. This reflects ABC's
psychological safety
Different motivators are needed for employees working at small firms. These include
recognition of good performance, reward(s) for good performance, flexible work hours, involve employees in decision making
organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) includes
respecting housekeeping rules, suggestions for improvement, training for onboarding programs, constructive statements about the company
Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as ________ behavior.
respondent
Stage 1 of social perception is
selective attention/comprehension.
organizational dimensions of diversity include
seniority, work location, union affiliation, management status
Xavier and Kevin both work as line employees at the Widget Corporation plant. They are both big fans of the San Francisco Forty-Niners and meet at game times in local sports bars to watch the game. They are probably providing ________ to each other.
social companionship
With only five years left until his planned retirement, Edward was quite upset when he was removed from a project team comprised mostly of Millennials. It is quite possible that the Millennials were reacting to a __________ of older workers.
stereotype
Samantha is ambitious and has taken a position with XYZ Corporation as a management trainee. She is looking forward to going through challenging projects as she rotates through several departments of the company over the next two years. However, she also just became engaged, and wants to spend time with her fiancé. Which of the following would best describe what Samantha is seeking?
total rewards
A learning goal involves enhancing knowledge or skill.
true
According to the acquired needs theory, we are not born with our needs but instead learn them as we go about living our lives.
true
Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions.
true
Effective managers give employees timely and task-specific feedback about what they are doing right, as well as about what they are doing wrong.
true
Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves and how we perceive the world.
true
Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity.
true
Intentions are influenced by the three general motives in Ajzen's model: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.
true
Intrinsic rewards are psychic and self-granted.
true
Organizations should encourage positive deviance in the workplace.
true
Performance management is a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations
true
The self-reinforcing and perpetuating aspect of positive emotions, can lead to upward spirals of positivity.
true
The three effects of positive organizational behavior are amplifying, buffering, and positivity.
true
The two components of hope are willpower and waypower.
true
To practice conscious capitalism, an organization should be interdependent with stakeholders.
true
Schwartz's model suggests that
values may conflict with each other