OB Exam 4 (11-13)

The leadership style of a manager who cares neither about people nor about production would likely be located at the __________ placement on the Leadership Grid.

1,1

According to the Leadership Grid, a manager who is not concerned about production but exhibits high concern for people would be a ____ manager on the grid.

1,9

The leadership style of someone considered to be a "middle-of-the-road" manager, exhibiting adequate performance and an ability to balance productivity and employee morale needs, would likely be located at the __________ placement on the Leadership Grid.

5,5

The LPC theory of leadership was developed by

Fred Fiedler

What is the reasoning behind role modeling?

a leader behaves in the same way that he or she wants subordinates to behave

Carlos is a leader who has led his company by closely evaluating performance. Carlos can be best described as

a transactional leader

Which of the following is more closely associated with management than with leadership?

acquiring resources

Which of the following behaviors can lead to abuse of power?

all of these are correct

According to Project GLOBE, which type of leadership refers to being independent, individualist, and unique?

autonomous

If a subunit's work __________, its power position decreases.

can be outsourced

Which of the following traits forms the basis of Robert House's theory of leadership?

charisma

____ power exists when a person has the ability to punish or harm someone else.

coercive

Which response to influence entails endorsing the influence attempt and becoming an actively involved participant?

commitment

According to Vroom, a manager who presents a problem to group members at a meeting, gets their suggestions, and then makes the decision is using a _________ style of subordinate participation.

consult (group)

Which political tactic entails trying to influence decisions before they are made?

controlling decision parameters

Which political tactic entails strategically restricting who has access to what data?

controlling information

According to Vroom, a manager who allows a group to define for itself the exact nature and parameters of a problem and then develop a solution is using a _________ style of subordinate participation.

delegate

The goal in studying the behavioral approach of leadership is to

determine what behaviors are associated with effective leadership

According to the path-goal theory, a __________ leader lets subordinates know what is expected of them and gives them specific guidance as to how to accomplish tasks.

directive

According to the path-goal theory, employees with an external locus of control should prefer a leader who is __________.

directive

Which of the following attributes is NOT culturally contingent?

egocentric

Which term refers to sharing power with employees and giving them the authority to make and implement at least some decisions?

empowerment

__________ leadership refers to the demonstration of morally upright conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers.

ethical

Which attribute is considered positive in some cultures but not in others?

evasive

Which influence tactic entails offering to provide something of value now or in the future for someone's cooperation?

exchange

Path-goal theory is derived from the same principles found in the ________ theory of motivation.

expectancy

According to Hersey and Blanchard, what does appropriate leader behavior depend on?

follower readiness

Charismatic leadership may create which of the following ethical concerns?

followers engage in inappropriate because of blind faith in the leader

As a coach, the organizational leader would perform all of the following as formal functions of the coaching role EXCEPT

gain an understanding of the values of their young workers

The subunits most capable of coping with uncertainty tend to have

greater power

Vroom developed two different decision trees, one tree to be used when the manager is primarily interested in making a timely decision and the other tree when the manager seeks to

help subordinates enhance decision-making skills

Which of the following can act as a leadership neutralizer?

high group cohesiveness

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the leadership motive pattern?

high need for achievement

Which political tactic entails the use of "spin doctors" to project a desirable image?

image building

According to the LMX model, the leader's _________ is a small group of trusted subordinates given more autonomy and responsibility than others.

in-group

____ power is derived from control over access to valuable data.

informational

The use of humor may contribute to which influence tactic?

ingratiation

Which of the following does NOT describe a behavior of charismatic leaders?

initiating structured tasks and making assignments

One conclusion of the Ohio State studies was that a leader who clearly defines the leader-subordinate roles so that subordinates know what is expected of them is exhibiting

initiating-structure behavior

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Vroom's decision tree approach?

is assumes a high level of participation in decision making is best for all situations

In general, how do leaders exercise legitimate power?

issuing formal requests

Which of the following describes the concept of empowerment?

it is the process of sharing power and giving others the authority to make decisions

Which of the following is considered to be a failure of the behavioral approach to studying leadership?

it tried to specify a set of leader behaviors that would be effective in all situations

Fiedler contends that when a leader's style and the situation are mismatched, the only available course of action is to change the situation through

job engineering

The earliest studies of leadership focused on the traits, or personal characteristics, of leaders, but later research shifted to focus more on

leader behavior

The central premise of the leadership substitutes perspective is that

leader behaviors may be irrelevant in some situations

The in-group/out-group dichotomy is central to which model of leadership?

leader-member exchange

According to the LPC theory, which factor reflects both the extent to which subordinates trust, respect, and have confidence in their leader, and that in turn, leaders equally trust, respect, and have confidence in the employees they manage?

leader-member relations

Path-goal theory assumes that

leaders can change their behaviors

What term refers to factors that make leadership impossible?

leadership neutralizers

According to the LPC theory, the degree of task or relationship motivation is measured by the

least-preferred coworker scale

Which influence tactic entails enhancing one's formal authority to make a certain request by referring to rules, precedents, or official documents?

legitimating

Techniques of political behavior include all of the following EXCEPT

leveraging technology

When resources become scarce, it causes power differences across subunits to

magnify

Strategic leadership includes all of the following EXCEPT

maintaining ethical leadership

Distinctions between management and leadership include all of the following EXCEPT

management is more important in regard to creating and directing change

The Leadership Grid, also called the ________ grid, is associated with the behavioral approach to leadership.

managerial

Each of the following is associated with transformational leaders EXCEPT

managing routine work

Amanda often helps new employees learn the ropes and prepare to advance within the organization. Amanda is filling which role?

mentor

According to the LPC theory, a situation that has high position power, high task structure, and poor leader-member relations is

moderately favorable

Research suggests that male leaders are, on average, ____________ than female leaders.

more autocratic

Some leadership theories are less applicable in today's diverse workforce due to which of the following?

most past leaders research involved only white males

A union contract that prohibits a supervisor from giving workers incentives for higher performance is an example of a leadership

neutralizer

Individual characteristics that may render leader behavior unnecessary include all of the following EXCEPT

norms

A leader who relies solely on force and formal authority to direct the behavior of subordinates is

not exhibiting leadership at all

Which statement best describes research finding about the role of leadership?

organizations need both leadership and management if they are to be effective

Which leadership style of the Hersey and Blanchard model allows followers to share in decision making?

participating

According to Project GLOBE, which category of leadership behavior refers to the extent to which leaders are nonautocratic and involve others in making decisions?

participative

Which response to influence entails rejecting the influence attempt but not getting in the way of what the influencer is trying to do?

passive resistance

Which influence tactic entails asking someone to do something "because we're friends"?

personal appeals

Referent, expert, informational, and persuasive powers all contribute to

personal power

A key difference between the Ohio State studies and the University of Michigan studies on leadership is that the Michigan study

placed the defined dimensions of leadership behavior on opposite ends of a single continuum

The desire to control, influence, or be responsible for others is called a need for

power

Of the various influence tactics, which one has been found to be the least effective?

pressure

The horizontal axis of the Leadership Grid represents concern for

production

Referent power involves all of the following EXCEPT

promotions

Leadership as a _________ refers to set of characteristics attributed to those who are perceived to use noncoercive influence successfully.

property

Of the various influence tactics, which one has been found to be the most effective?

rational persuasion

A person in the organization has the ability to given bonuses to employees as part of a corporate compensation program. This is an example of __________ power.

reward

Which of the following is NOT a type of personal power?

reward

Svetlana is self-centered and status-conscious, and she won't hesitate to induce conflict in order to save face. According to Project GLOBE, which style of leadership does Svetlana exhibit?

self-protective

Michael is a manager whose subordinates have moderate readiness. According to the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, Michael should use which of the following styles?

selling

Which of the following elements has Fiedler added to the Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) theory to describe situational favorableness?

stress

The leader-member exchange model (LMX)

stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and their subordinates

A subunit's power is reduced to the extent that others inside or outside of the organization can also perform its responsibilities. This reflects the subunit's

substitutability

According to the path-goal theory, a __________ leader is friendly and shows concern for subordinates' well-being.

supportive

According to the LPC theory, what factor is identified as the second most important element when determining the favorableness of a workplace situation?

task structure

Manny is a manager whose subordinates have low readiness. According to the Hersey and Blanchard model of leadership, Manny should use which of the following styles?

telling

Which leadership style of the Hersey and Blanchard model entails providing direction and defining roles?

telling

Susan is on the organization's hiring committee, but she did not recommend hiring any of the three candidates interviewed for the open management position, because none of them indicated they would be job-centered leaders. Which leadership approach is Susan most closely following?

the Michigan behavioral studies

How does a supervisor initiate in-group or out-group relationships with subordinates?

the decision may be based on personal compatibility and subordinate competence

According to the continuum of leadership behavior proposed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt, subordinate characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT

the problem itself

Which of the following is NOT a part of initiating-structure behavior, as identified in the Ohio State leadership studies?

there is mutual trust and respect between the leader and subordinate

According to the leader-member exchange model (LMX), all of the following describe in-group members EXCEPT

they have more friends at work

Annabelle takes over as CEO of an organization that's already doing extremely well, so she elects not to undertake any drastic changes and mainly stay the course—for the time being, at least. Annabelle is engaging in __________ leadership.

transactional

What type of leadership is focused on routine, regimented activities?

transactional leadership

According to the LPC theory, tasks that are complex, nonroutine, and ambiguous are categorized as

unstructured

According to the LPC theory, a situation that has low position power, high task structure, and good leader-member relations is

very favorable

Which concept explores how managers lead through various distance technologies?

virtual leadership

Which of the following may help explain the pattern of differences between men and women leaders?

women tend to have stronger interpersonal skills