Ocean Review Ch 16

Worldwide, the SOFAR channel is located at an approximate ocean depth of: 4000 meters 500 meters 250 meters 100 meters 1000 meters

1000 meters

The world's oceans play a role in reducing global warming by moving carbon dioxide and nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface ocean removing CO2 and sequestering CO2 in ocean sediments increasing oceanic primary productivity absorbing surplus heat trapping CO2 in sea ice

absorbing surplus heat

Which of the following is not a consequence of global warming melting of glacial ice all of the above are consequences of global warming droughts in prime agricultural areas increasing hurricane frequency shifts in the world-wide distribution of plant and animal communities

all of the above are consequences of global warming

Sea floor sediments and glacial ice trap carbon dioxide that can be used to predict future climate patterns true or false?

false

There is a significant positive correlation with sunspot activity and mean global temperature true or false?

false

Volcanic eruptions have no impact on global climate patterns, they only affect local climate true or false?

false

Oil and natural gas are examples of

fossil fuels

Sea level rise worldwide can be attributed to all of the following except the melting of land-based glaciers and mountain ice caps thermal expansion of surface ocean waters thermal expansion of deep-ocean waters melting of Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets geological uplifting of ocean basins

geological uplifting of ocean basins

increasing climate temperature due to greenhouse gases

greenhouse effect

methane and nitrous oxide

greenhouse effect

model of heat exchange for Earth and atmosphere

heat budget

Natural causes for global climate change include all of the following except volcanic activity increase in elevation changes in solar input variation in the Earth's orbit tectonic plate movement

increase in elevation

List the observed changes in the world's oceans as a function of increased mean atmospheric temperature

increasing ocean temperatures deep waters showing increases Ocean acidity increase Some atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in ocean water. Acidifies ocean Threatens calcifying organisms Coccolithophores Foraminifers Sea urchins Corals

study of ancient climates

paleoclimatology

study of ancient rocks

paleontology

Burning of fossil fuels is chemically similar to metabolism respiration autotrophic processes chemosynthesis photosynthesis

respiration

Changes in the Earth's orbit can impact climate by increasing or decreasing solar input. true or false?

true

Changes in the relative position of the Earth's tectonic plates and resultant climate are reflected in the paleoclimate record contained true or false?

true

Feedback loops are the interactions among the Earth's five spheres that either reinforce or negate changes in climate true or false?

true

The atmospheric component that contributes to the majority of greenhouse warming on Earth is ozone nitrous oxide methane water vapor carbon dioxide

water vapor

Detail ways in which you can reduce your personal contribution to greenhouse gas emissions.

• Human emissions contributing excessive CO2 • Global engineering - attempts to counteract human-caused climate change ○ Reducing sunlight reaching earth ○ Removing human-caused greenhouse gases • Ocean's Role ○ Ocean's biological pump § "Sink" for carbon dioxide § Pumps from surface to deep waters • Ocean as thermal sponge ○ Unique thermal properties of water ○ Oceans absorb much heat without changing temperature ○ Oceans still warming • Iron hypothesis ○ Reutilize ocean to increase productivity ○ Increase phytoplankton, increase carbon dioxide removal from atmosphere • Sequestering excess carbon dioxide in oceans