Oceanography 3

Currents tend to move in large ____ patterns in the northern hemisphere.

Clockewise

Tides are free waves.

False

Tides are the shortest of all waves

False

The ultimate height of a wind wave will depend on

Fetch, length of time wind blows, wind velocity

Wind Wave

Gravity wave formed by transfer of wind energy into water. Wavelengths from 60 to 150 meters are most common in the open ocean.

Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current?

Gulf Stream

A system of four currents completing a flow circuit around the periphery of an ocean basin is collectively called:

Gyre

How is Antarctic Bottom Water formed?

How is Antarctic Bottom Water formed?

The densest water in ocean currents is the

coldest and saltiest

Wave Trough

lowest point of a wave

A ___________ is a gravity wave formed by the transfer of wind energy over the water

wind wave

ear shore, if the wave crests are 200 feet apart, the wave will "feel" bottom when the depth is about:

100 ft

La Nina

A climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal.

Current

A flow of electric charge.

Internal Wave

A low energy, large wave (greater than 100m) that is created by the movement of fluids with different densities

An amphidromic point is:

A no-tide zone

Plunging Wave

A short steep wave with limited swash in comparison with backwash

Progressive Wave

A wave that carries energy from one place to another. a transfer of energy as a result of oscillations

All of the following statements are true about an Ekman spiral EXCEPT:

All of the following statements are true about an Ekman spiral EXCEPT:

The only ocean current that continues in an uninterrupted circle around the circumference of the Earth withoutencountering land is the:

Antarctic Circumpolar Current

A(n) tide is a tide caused by inertia and the gravitational forces of the sun and moon combined

Astronomical

Spring tides occur

At full moon

Wind Strength

Average speed of the wind, a factor in wind wave development

The restoring force of ____ is surface tension

Capillary waves

Antarctic Bottom Water

Densest water in the world

What is deep water circulation driven by?

Density differences

Two waves that cancel each other out undergo a process known as interference.

Destructive

A tide is characterized by occurring once each lunar day with one high tide and one low tide

Diurnal

The Canary Current is an example of a Boundary Current.

Eastern

The Eastern Austrailian Current (EAC) is an example of a Boundary Current

Eastern

ENSO

El Nino Southern Oscillation, see-sawing of air pressure over the S. Pacific

The wave you surf in California may have come from the middle of the Pacific. What has been transmitted across the ocean basin?

Energy

Which of the following is a true tidal wave?

Tidal Bore

El Nino

A warm ocean current that flows along the equator from the date line and south off the coast of Ecuador at Christmas time.

Water particles in a deep water wave move:

In circular motion

North Atlantic Deep Water

Is a specific type of thermohaline circulation that moves warmer surface water in the Gulf to the Atlantic and to Europe. flows opposite to surface current.

Which statement is correct about Antarctic Bottom Water?

Is produced near the antarctic coast during winter months through brine formation

Where does 80% of the garbage in the North Pacific Garbage patch come from?

Land

Why does the Antarctic ocean have the greatest chance of having very large wind waves?

Long fetch

A tide is a tide influenced by the weather.

Metereological

A tide is a tidal pattern of significantly different heights throughout the day.

Mixed

During monsoon season, rain is caused by____ winds

Moist ocean

Which body has the greatest influence on ocean tides?

Moon

Waves are created by disturbing forces and and flattened by forces.

Restoring

A tide is characterized by occurring twice in one lunar day with two high tides and two low tides

Semidiurnal

Rouge waves are best described as:

Single massive wave that develops in open ocean

The area that is midway between high and low tides and where there is no tide-induced current activity is known as .

Slackwater

North Atlantic Deep Water generally moves___ then the surface current above, and flows in____ direction as the Gulf Stream

Slower, The opposite

Upwelling areas are

Sometimes interrupted by El Nino years

An abrupt bulge of water driven on shore by a tropical cyclone is known as a(n)

Stormsurge

Which of the following bodies is the largest?

Sun

Equatorial Upwelling

Surface waters diverge at the equator where the trade winds meet

Which ocean surface current transports the greatest volume of water?

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Wave Length

The distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave

Fetch

The distance that the wind has traveled across open water

The ultimate height of a wind wave will depend on:

The fetch, length of time wind blows, and wind velocity

Wave Crest

The highest point of a wave

Constructive interference

The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a larger amplitude

Destructive Interference

The interference that occurs when two waves combine to make a wave with a smaller amplitude

Upwelling

The movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface

Which of the statements is false considering thermohaline circulation?

Thermohaline circulation is caused by even and steadyt global heating of the ocean

A wave with a wavelength of 200m is a _____ in a water depth of 50m

Transitional Wave

A standing wave causes major progressive wave forward movement and results in a large amount of energy that is being transferred

True

Deep-water waves change to shallow-water waves as they approach the shore

True

Eastern Boundary Currents are broad currents with poorly defined boundaries

True

The North Atlantic gyre is composed of the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic Current, the Canary Current and theNorth Equatorial Current

True

Wet monsoon occur in the hot summer when low atmospheric pressure over land sucks in moisture

True

Shallow water wave

Type of wave where depth of the wave < 1/20

Coastal Upwelling

Upwelling adjacent to a coast, usually induced by wind

Wind Induced Vertical Circulation

Upwelling/downwelling

Wind waves travel in groups called:

Wave Trains

Unlike other moving things, wind waves travel over great distances in straight lines. This is physically possible because:

Waves carry only energy

Tsunami or seismic sea waves are generated by:

coastal or submarine earthquakes.

Deep water wave

When the water depth is greater than one half the wave length

What is the main force driving surface currents?

Wind

Standing wave

a pattern of vibration that simulates a wave that is standing still

Monsoon

a seasonal prevailing wind in the region of South and Southeast Asia, blowing from the southwest between May and September and bringing rain

Rogue waves are best described as:

a single massive wave that develops in the open ocean.

A transverse current is:

a surface current that connects eastern-boundary and western-boundary currents.

Constructive Interference in waves can cause:

an occasional wave greater than any noted before or after its occurrence

Thermohaline Circulation

an ocean pattern in which warm, less salty water moves along the surface of the water, and cooler, saltier water moves deep below the ocean surface

In the open sea, tsunami:

are long-period waves, often of 5-20 minutes.

A semidiurnal tide is characterized by

by two high tides and two low tides of nearly equal level each lunar day.

Antarctic Circumpolar Current

current driven by powerful westerly winds north of Antarctica; largest of all ocean currents, it continues permanently eastward without changing direction

The main force driving thermohaline circulation is:

density.

The uninterrupted distance over which the wind blows without change in direction is the

fetch.

Southern Oscillation

the atmospheric pressure conditions corresponding to the periodic warming of El Nino and cooling of La Nina.

The side of the Earth facing the moon will experience a high tide, while the opposite side of the Earth will have a:

high tide also.

Downwelling

is the movement of water from the surface to greater depths

Geostrophic Gyre

keeps currents at the edge of the ocean basins because the Coriolis Effect is balanced by gravity.

Swell

long wave of water that moves continuously without breaking; V.

The tidal pattern characteristic of the west coast of the United States is:

mixed tides.

Waves tend to be parallel to the shore when they break due to the process of:

refraction

The period of wind waves is usually expressed in:

seconds

The Canary Current is an example of a(n):

shallow, cold water current.

North Atlantic Deep Water generally moves ____ than the surface currents above, and flows in ____ direction as the Gulf Stream

slower; the opposite

The type of tide associated with the full and new moons are:

spring tides.

The primary force(s) that cause(s) tides in the sea is (are):

the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun.

Wind Duration

the length of time that the wind blows

Wave Height

the vertical distance from the crest of a wave to the trough

When a tsunami reaches shore

the wave height is increased by entry into shallow water

The distance measured from trough to trough of a wave is

the wavelength

As wind waves move out of a storm area:

the waves are sorted by velocity and form the swell.

A steep wave moving upstream generated by the action of the tide crest in the enclosed area of a river mouth is called a:

tidal wave

Rouge Wave

two or more large waves from a storm unite (10 stories high)

Generally the fastest and deepest ocean currents are:

western boundary currents.