Oceanography Chapter 13 Study Guide and Practice Quiz Questions

9. What is it that unifies all life on Earth on earth?

Carbon based lifeforms

7. What is diffusion, active transport, osmosis

Diffusion: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. Active Transport: the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy. Osmosis: the transport of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates two solutions of differing solute concentration

4. What zone with respect to light would phytoplankton such as diatoms be most productive with respect to photosynthesis?

Euphotic Zone

QQ 11: Chemosynthesis is the main method of binding energy into carbohydrates on the planet. (T/F)

False

QQ 15: When accounting for the entire surface area of the ocean and land, the ocean has a higher primary productivity at 150 gC/m2/year than land at 120gC/m2/yr.

False

QQ 14: Most biological productivity in the ocean occurs in the aphotic zone (T/F)

False Most biological productivity in the ocean occurs in the Euphotic zone

2. What is the most accurate term for the feeding relationships among organisms living in the ocean?

Food Web

5. What is a heterotroph? Autotroph?

Heterotroph: organisms that must consume other organisms for energy Autotroph: organisms that make their own food, also called producers

12. A salmon migrates from the ocean to freshwater rivers to spawn. With respect to tonicity what best describes what type of environment the salmon moves from and into.

Hypertonic (more solutes relative to another solution causing water to leave cells) -> Hypotonic (Less solutes relative to another solution causing water to retain in cells)

1. What is the Photic zone/Euphotic zone, Disphotic zone and Aphotic zone?

Photic/Euphotic Zone: sunlight zone is the uppermost layer of a body of water that receives sunlight, allowing phytoplankton to perform photosynthesis. Disphotic Zone: . The Disphotic Zone is found just below the Photic Zone and is known as the twilight layer. In this zone only a small amount of light penetrates the water. Aphotic Zone: The aphotic zone is the portion of a lake or ocean where there is little or no sunlight. It is formally defined as the depths beyond which less than 1 percent of sunlight penetrates

6. What process is the main method of binding energy into carbohydrates on the planet?

Photosythesis

13. At the base of the food chain are primary producers. If there were 10,000 kg of primary producers, how much energy would be transferred to primary consumers? secondary consumers?

Primary consumers: 1000 kg ; Secondary Consumers: 100kg

16. Phytoplankton and Archaeans are able to make their own food by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. What term best describes these organisms in terms of feeding

Primary producer

3. What is a model that describe who eats whom and general shows that only 10% of the energy is transmitted from one level to the next?

Trophic pyramid

QQ 13: Hydrothermal vent communities depend on chemosynthesis in order to capture energy and convert inorganic molecules into glucose molecules. (T/F)

True

QQ 20: Primary production varies with latitude and with season. (T/F)

True

QQ 5: Before nitrogen can be used by organisms to make proteins and nucleic acids, it must first be fixed into a usable form such as nitrates. (T/F)

True

QQ 18: A trophic pyramid describes who eats whom, and in general, from one level to the next, what percentage is transferred? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 90%

a. 10%

QQ 2: What is the largest biogeochemical cycle? a. Global Carbon cycle b. Global Nitrogen cycle c. Global Phosphorus cycle d. Global Silicon cycle

a. Global Carbon cycle

QQ 6: A salmon migrates from the ocean to freshwater rivers to spawn. Which of the following best describes what type of environment the salmon moves from and into? a. Hypertonic to Hypotonic b. Hypotonic to Hypertonic c. Isotonic to Hypertonic d. No change

a. Hypertonic to Hypotonic

QQ 4: What is a heterotroph? a. An organism that creates its own food b. An organism that eat other organism c. An organism the conducts chemosynthesis d. An organism that remains plankton for its entire life

b. An organism that eat other organism

QQ 19: Which of the following elements are found in all organic molecules? a. Nitrogen b. Carbon c. Phosphorus d. Silicon e. Iron

b. Carbon

QQ 8: Movement of a substance along a concentration gradient where substances move from higher concentration to lower concentration is called: a. Active transport b. Diffusion c. Osmosis d. Pressure-flow

b. Diffusion

QQ 3: What is a more accurate term for the feeding relationship of organisms involving multiple organisms at each trophic level for a higher level organism to eat? a. Food chain b. Food web c. Trophic chains d. Primary consumption

b. Food web

QQ 10: What is needed for living matter to function? a. Oxygen b. Proteins c. Energy d. Sugars

c. Energy

QQ 16: Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors that influence primary production? a. Carbon dioxide b. Water c. Heterotrophs d. Sunlight e. Inorganic nutrients

c. Heterotrophs

QQ 9: Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane is called: a. Active transport b. Active profusion c. Osmosis d. Telekinesis

c. Osmosis

QQ 12: Photosynthesis requires energy in what form in order to convert inorganic carbon dioxide into glucose molecules? a. Chemical bonds b. Electrical c. Sunlight d. Nuclear

c. Sunlight

8. In the absence of sunlight, how do hydrothermal vent communities capture energy and convert inorganic molecules into glucose molecules?

chemosynthesis

14. If a fish had an internal solute concentration of 18 ppt and was in the ocean, how would you describe the environment with respect to the fish?

copepods are primary consumers

15. Copepods eat phytoplankton. What term best describes the copepod in terms of feeding relationships?

copepods are primary consumers

QQ 1: What layer of the ocean is permanently devoid of light? a. Photic zone b. Euphotic zone c. Disphotic zone d. Aphotic zone

d. Aphotic zone

QQ 7: What open water zone is near shore and over the continental shelf? a. Oceanic zone b. Littoral zone c. Hadal zone d. Neritic zone

d. Neritic zone

QQ 17: Which of the four factors that influence primary production are limiting in the oceanic environment? a. Water b. Inorganic Nutrients c. Sunlight d. Both A and B e. Both B and C

e. Both B and C

10. Distinguishing between living and non-living things can be tricky. In general, if something is living it has the ability to do what?

organisms use energy and can get energy from a source

11. You purchase a marine fish from the aquarium store and unknowingly place that fish in your freshwater tank. In terms of osmosis, what is happening with respect to the water and the fish on a cellular level?

the marine fish's cells would take in to much water and burst.