Oceanography Final Chapters 7 to 12
The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill was estimated to have killed at least ________ sea otters.
1,000
Research on DDT concentration in coastal waters has documented that they are ________ compared to open-ocean concentrations.
10 times more
Waves from separate sea areas move away as swell and produce an interference pattern when they come together. If Sea A has wave heights of 1.5 meters and Sea B has wave heights of 3.5 meters, what would be the height of waves resulting from destructive interference?
2 meters
What is the speed in meters per second of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 3 meters?
2.17 meters per second
What is the speed in meters per second of a deep water wave with a wavelength of 5 meters?
2.8 meters per second
What percentage of oil that enters the oceans worldwide is caused by underwater natural oil seeps?
47%
Waves from separate sea areas move away as swell and produce an interference pattern when they come together. If Sea A has wave heights of 1.5 meters and Sea B has wave heights of 3.5 meters, what would be the height of waves resulting from constructive interference?
5 meters
Which of the following best describes how DDT use lead to a serious decline in the brown pelican population of Anacapa Island, California during the 1960's?
Adult pelicans could not produce normal thickness eggs due to DDT in their food supply.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
Algulhas Current
The 1989 oil spill that harmed Prince William Sound in Alaska was due to which of the following?
An oil tanker ran aground
The introduction of which of the following non-native species has done has done extensive damage to the Black Sea's fishing and tourist industries?
Atlantic comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi
Which of the following estuaries forms when wave action creates a barrier island that separates the estuary from the ocean?
Bar-built estuary
Which of the following can help prevent beach starvation?
Beach replenishment
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Alternatives to hard stabilization have not been sought BECAUSE hard stabilization has not been proven to have negative environmental consequences.
Both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
Which of the following is a western boundary current?
Brazil Current
The ________ of the Moon determines the position of the tidal bulges on Earth.
Declination
Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?
Deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents
Which of the following features is characteristic of a submerging shoreline?
Drowned beach
The Peru (Humboldt) Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?
Eastern Boundary Current
The West Australian Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?
Eastern Boundary Current
The North Equatorial Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?
Equatorial Current
Which of the following statements about Grunion is correct?
Grunion are the only marine fish that comes completely out of water to spawn.
Which of the following is NOT an eastern boundary current?
Gulf Stream
Compared to Antarctic Bottom Water, North Atlantic Deep Water is ________.
Higher in slalinity
Bioremediation has been particularly effective in marine ecosystems in the clean-up of ________.
Hydrocarbons
The movement of sea water at a pycnocline creates ________ waves.
Internal
Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents.
Larger; Slower
The reported amount of plastic pollution entering the oceans each year is ________ of the annual global production of plastic.
Less than 1%
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration who can eat low to moderate amounts of swordfish, shark, king mackerel, and tilefish with little concern?
Male college students
Petroleum in the ocean is not considered a pollutant when ________.
Natural seepage is responsible
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Ebb tide Flood current Neap tide Ebb current Flood tide
Neap tide
The movement of air across the ocean surface creates ________ waves.
Ocean
Water waves are ________.
Orbital waves
Why do many health organizations call for local exceptions to the ban on DDT?
Outbreaks of malaria have dramatically increased
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Somali Current Gulf Stream Peru Current North equatorial Current Kuroshio Current
Peru Current
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. DDT Petroleum Mercury Nitrates Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton
Which of the following types of trash, found in the ocean, typically accumulates at the surface because it doesn't readily sink or biodegrade?
Plastic
Research studies of trash on beaches has identified pieces of which of the following types of debris as the most numerous?
Plastic nurdles
Plastics cause significant biological damage in oceans when ________.
Plastic waste strangles seals and birds
Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions.
Poleward; Eastern
Which of the following rivers has the largest tidal bores in the world?
Qiantang
Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents directly?
Radio-transmitting float bottles
Narrow currents flowing across the surf zone toward the open ocean are called ________.
Rip currents
Which of the following existing or proposed tidal power plants would, upon completion, produce the most electricity?
Severn Estuary
The West Wind Drift is an example of which of the following types of currents?
Southern boundary current
Which type of breaker has a longer life span and give surfers a longer ride than other breakers?
Spilling breaker
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. flooding rains in southeastern United States decreased fish stock in coastal Peru Strong trade winds Australian drought Peruvian upwelling stops
Strong trade winds
Which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents?
Surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres."
Which of the following statements about the Mediterranean Sea is correct?
The Mediterranean Sea is several connected small seas.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: A tidal bulge is created on the side of Earth directly facing the Moon BECAUSE the provided gravitational force is greater than the required centripetal force.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Coastal regions have experienced population increases and increased damage BECAUSE programs like the National Flood Insurance Program have encouraged construction in the unsafe locations they were designed to prevent.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Earth's continents affect tides BECAUSE they interrupt the free movement of the tidal bulges across the ocean surface.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Some chemicals have been classified as persistent organic pollutants BECAUSE of their toxicity, persistence, and propensity for accumulating in food chains.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The beach face is a favorite place for runners BECAUSE the sand is wet and hard packed.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The monthly tidal cycle is 29.5 days BECAUSE that's how long it takes the Moon to complete an orbit around Earth.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: The variable flow of tidal currents in two directions is an obstacle to efficient electricity generation by a tidal power plant BECAUSE electrical turbines run best when they run at a constant velocity.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Waves break in the surf zone BECAUSE particle motion near the bottom of the wave is severely restricted.
The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: U.S. companies no longer produce DDT BECAUSE, the EPA has banned the use of DDT in the United States since 1972.
The assertion is incorrect but the reason is correct.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Ocean waves are not considered body waves BECAUSE they transmit energy through the upper part of the ocean near the interface between the atmosphere and the ocean.
The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Alternatives to hard stabilization have not been sought BECAUSE hard stabilization has been proven to have negative environmental consequences.
The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: River runoff does mixes well with seawater along the coast BECAUSE freshwater is less dense than seawater.
The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: These lunar tidal bulges are much smaller than the solar tidal bulges BECAUSE the Sun is 27 million times more massive than the Moon.
The assertion is incorrect, but the reason is correct.
Which of the following occurs during heavy wave activity?
The beach is saturated with water from previous waves
Which of the following statements comparing a tidal power electricity-generating with a conventional thermal power plant is correct?
The initial cost of building a tidal power electricity-generating plant may are higher.
Which of the following best describes littoral drift?
The movement of sediment in a zigzag fashion caused by the longshore current.
Which of the following statements comparing a tidal power electricity-generating with a conventional thermal power plant is correct?
Tidal power is considered a cleaner and renewable resource.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Wave-cut cliffs Sea caves Marine terrace Tombolo Sea arches
Tombolo
Researchers reported in 2014 that more than 5.25 ________ plastic pieces are now floating in the ocean.
Trillion
Which of the following caused the anomalously large tsunami in Papua New Guinea in 1998?
Underwater landslide
The speed of a shallow-water wave is proportional to ________.
Water depth
The speed of longshore currents decreases as which of the following increases?
Wave period
Waves converge on headlands due to ________.
Wave refraction
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Waning crescent Waning gibbous Waxing perigee Waxing crescent Waxing gibbous
Waxing perigee
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also known as which of the following?
West Wind Drift
The East Australian Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?
Western Boundary Current
The Kuroshio (Japan) Current is an example of which of the following types of currents?
Western Boundary Current
The observation that one subtropical boundary current is faster, narrower, and deeper than its counterparts is an example of which of the following?
Western Intensification
Which of the following statements about wetlands is incorrect?
Wetlands in the United States nearly dried up about 6 million years ago.
The maximum tidal currents are reported ________.
about half way between high and low tides
One major problem associated with the Chesapeake Bay due to increased human pressure is ________.
an increase in nutrients resulting in more frequent kills of bottom-dwelling or benthic animals
Winter beaches ________.
are narrower than summer beaches due to high-energy waves during the winter
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: Many people call tsunami "tidal waves" BECAUSE they are related to the tides.
both the assertion and the reason are incorrect.
The angular distance of the Sun or the Moon above or below the Earth's equatorial plane is called the ________.
declination
Water flowing out of an enclosed basin due to the tides is called a/an ________.
ebb current
Minamata disease is associated with ________.
ingestion of methyl mercury-contaminated fish and shellfish
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Internal wave gravity wave Capillary Wave Wind Sea or sea area
internal wave
The particle size on a beach ________.
is related to whatever material is locally available.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. Melting Glacial Ice Formation of large intake lakes uplifted continental crust melting sea ice Increased Seafloor spreading rates
melting sea ice
Researchers estimate that the Pacific Ocean contains at least 46 ________ pounds of floating microplastic pieces (microbeads) that originate from hand cleaners, exfoliating facial scrubs, and toothpaste, that are known to transport pollutants and be eaten by fish.
million
The part of the shore beyond the low tide breaker line and is deep enough that waves rarely affect the bottom is known as the ________.
offshore
Which of the following methods are used to measure ocean surface currents indirectly?
radar altimeters
The difference between centripetal forces and gravitational forces is called the ________.
resultant force
Whirlpools can be created in some restricted shallow passages due to ________.
reversing tidal currents
In the United States, mixed tides commonly occur along ________.
the Pacific coast
In shallow-water waves the water depth is less than the ________ divided by twenty.
wavelength
The speed of a deep-water wave is proportional to ________.
wavelength
The largest wind-generated waves tend to be associated with the ________.
westerlies
Neap tides occur ________.
when the Moon is in quadrature
Rogue waves tend to occur ________.
where storm waves move against strong surface currents
Most ocean waves form as a result of ________.
winds blowing across the ocean surface
