Old Testament 1 - Exam 2

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Key Word for Numbers

Wanderings

Key Word for Genesis

Beginnings

Which empire was the first "world-class" empire in history?

Neo-Assyrian Empire

Divine testing of human motives

Numbers

God communicating his truth through the medium of culture

Numbers

God's faithfulness to his covenant promises

Numbers

God's sovereign rule of the nations

Numbers

Purpose of Ezra

To record the events of the 1st and 2nd returns to the land of Israel by the Jews according to the prophecies of Jeremiah: Jeremiah 25:11, 29:10

Purpose of the book of Judges

To show the failure of the Israelites to keep their part of the covenant

Purpose of the books of Ezra & Nehemiah

To show the numerous ways that God was faithfully at work in restoring the people of Israel to their land after the Babylonian exile

Major Themes of 1&2 Chronicles

Worship in the OT The Chronicler's Vocabulary Typology

What 2 prophets prophesied about the state of Jerusalem that Ezra and Nehemiah would face some 60 years earlier?

Zechariah and Haggai

Hesed

a Hebrew word meaning covenant loyalty

Define Typology

a method of exegesis that establishes historical correspondence between OT events, persons, or objects and ideas and similar NT events, persons, or objects and ideas by way of foreshadowing or prototype

Ezra was

a priest and scribe who was skilled in the law of Moses

Solomon's reign is known as the

"golden age"

Iron Age II

1000-586 BC

Key Expression for 2 Chronicles

Priestly view of Judah

God calls servants to ____________

leadership

Key Word for Leviticus

Holiness

Characters in Esther

King Xerxes, Queen Vashti, Esther, Mordecai, Haman

Kingship, good and evil

Kings

Key Word for Ruth

Kinsman-Redeemer

The holiness of God

Leviticus

The principle of mediation in the service of the priests

Leviticus

The principle of substitution in the sacrificial ritual

Leviticus

The purity of the covenant community

Leviticus

The redeeming of time by means of liturgical calendar

Leviticus

3 Returns to Jerusalem:

1. 537-536 BC led by Sheshbazzar 2. 457 BC led by Ezra 3. 445-444 BC led by Nehemiah (in the book of Nehemiah)

Disobedience separated people from God

Genesis

3 Exiles by the Babylonians

1. 605 BC Nebuchadnezzar - Babylonian King - Daniel part of this group - Jews deported into exile - Daniel returned in 597 2. 597 BC into Babylonian captivity - Prophet Ezekial taken in this deportation 3. 587-586 BC third exile - the destruction of the temple - Jeremiah was taken into exile by Egyptians

God created, and creation was good

Genesis

God instituted a program of revelation called the covenant

Genesis

Iron Age 1

1200-1000 BC

Date of the period of judges

12th and 11th centuries BC (1100-1000 BC)

Date of the judges time period

1350-1050 BC

Who is the "Divine Warrior" in the book of Josua?

God

Date for the book of Joshua

1400-1300 BC - Book written in time of lifetime of Rahab

Nehemiah covers a ____ year period from ______ to _______ BC

15, 445-431 BC

The Late Bronze Age

1500-1200 BC

Egyptian Empire

2000-1200 BC

Middle Bronze Age of Canaan

2000-1550 BC

The Patriarchal Period

2000-1600 BC

Who was disobedient to the ban in the book of Joshua?

Achan

For the ancient Near East, where do fixed time points come from?

Assyrian Eponym lists

The Septuigant combines the books of Samuel and Kings into one book called

"Kingdoms"

What does "Joshua" mean in hebrew?

"Yahweh saves" - Jesus' name comes from the same root

The type of kingship associated with Judah is usually called the

"dynastic succession" model of royal rule

The Hebrew title of the books of Chronicles is

"the words of the days" or "the events" of the monarchies

What does the "ban" refer to in the book of Joshua?

- The instructions regarding how the conquered cities of Palestine were to be treated - To consecrate something or someone as a permanent and definitive offering for the sanctuary; in war, consecrate a city and its inhabitants to destruction; carry out this destruction; totally annihilate a population in war; kill

Purposes of the book of Ruth

- To show that when people are faithful, God is faithful - God preserved some families of faithfulness during them Judges period and that very background is from which David came

Purpose of the books of Samuel

- To tell the story of the establishment of the kingship covenant with David - Most likely written to make an argument for the human monarchy being ordained by God

5 Step Cycle of Judges

1 - Israelites would follow other gods 2 - God brings punishment 3 - They cried out to God - didn't necessarily repent 4 - God brought up a judge 5 - People went back into idolatry

The accuracy of which book has been called into question more than any other book in the OT besides Genesis?

1&2 Chronicles

The centrality of temple worship

1&2 Chronicles

The retelling of the past to inspire hope in the present

1&2 Chronicles

The validation of the priests and Levites as community leaders

1&2 Chronicles

Covenant blessings (repentance and restoration) and curses (judgement and exile)

1&2 Kings

Elijah and Elisha stories are found in

1&2 Kings

The prophetic voice as the royal conscience

1&2 Kings

Worship -- Yahwism vs Baalism

1&2 Kings

The importance of divine kingship

1&2 Samuel

The institution of kingship

1&2 Samuel

Purposes of the book of Esther

1. Demonstrates God's providential care of His people 2. Commends the observance of the feast of Purim in Chapter 9:24-28 Purim is the festival where they celebrate the freeing of Jews from destruction 3. God often uses ordinary people for the accomplishing of His purposes

In each battle narrative in the book of Joshua, only enough information is given to convey what 2 things?

1. God was the one who engineered the victory 2. God's instructions were carried out in placing the defeated cities under the ban

5 Steps to Spiritual Renewal from book of Nehemiah:

1. It comes as a result of the proclamation of God's word 2. It involves repentance 3. It involves commitment to the things of God 4. It involves worship and celebration 5. It involves separation from those things that may lead to compromise in our faith

2 Major Themes of Ruth

1. Kinsman-Redeemer 2. Hesed

Satan's strategies to stop the rebuilding of the temple in Ezra 4?

1. People try to sabotage the building of the temple 2. Try to discourage them by frightening them 3. Got false witnesses to stop the temple because they were accused of something against the king

Major Themes of Esther according to Dr. Betts:

1. Providence of God - We see God's work in all of the story 2. The writer of Esther wants us to see the mystery of God's hand in history - God installs the means of deliverance before the decree to destroy the Jewish people is put into place - God Himself will provide 3. Conflict of World Views Esther presents 2 conflicting world views 1. Represented by Haman Believed in fate, power, pushing oneself forward in arrogance, seeking position 2. Represented by Esther Brings herself into humility, relies on God and His grace and help for her in a difficult time 4. Obedience to God's will - Esther and Mordecai show us how to be obedient to God's will - Both embodied faith and sought the welfare of the people where they were 5. Danger of Going Against the People of God - Goes back to the Abrahamaic covenant - God blesses those who bless Abraham and his descendants and curses those who curse them 6. Hiddenness of God's name - Shows that God is involved in people's life even when people don't see it - God works out His purposes, whether we see it or not - A people of faith will trust God to be faithful even when we don't see Him at work - God is faithful - We should rejoice when and when we do not see God at work 7. The reversal of fortunes - We see this with Joseph, Gideon, David, Mary, and Esther - Esther is elevated to position of first lady in the mighty Persian Empire - The ultimate reversal of fortunes is through Jesus Christ - We have gone from death to life in Jesus - We have gone from poor to rich through Jesus - At the cross, Jesus took our sin so that we may take on His righteousness

3 Major Mistakes made by Saul in 1 Samuel:

1. Saul makes an offering when it was not his place to do this 2. Ch. 14 Saul had split his army and ordered his troops to fast and then condemns his son to death who broke the fast - Saul had lost his moral compass at this point 3. Saul's disobedience

Purposes of the book of Judges

1. To explore what happened theologically during the years between Joshua and David 2. The message emphasized Yahweh's long-suffering grace in the face of continual and rampant apostasy and injustice among his people 3. Covenant failures from the people were met with covenant faithfulness from the Lord - To show how Israel turns away from the Lord and everyone does what is right in their own eyes - God's desire was to rule over them directly, but the people turned away from that and brought up judges to deliver the people from oppressors - Sets the arrival for a God-ordained king

What 4 things did the Lord promise David?

1. To make David's name great - 2 Sam. 7:9 2. A place in which he would plant Israel - 2 Sam. 7:10 3. To make the land a place of security - 2 Sam. 7:10-11 4. David's descendant would be established on the throne after him - 2 Sam. 7:12

The Empire of David & Solomon

1000-900 BC

Assyrian Empire

1076-612 BC

The judges were made up of _____ men and ____ women

12 men and 1 woman

Mesopotamia to the Time of the Patriarchs

2900-2000 BC

period of judges occurs over _____ years

410

Chronicles written sometime between

500-300 BC

The books of Ezra and Nehemiah recount postexilic history from about ______ BC to ______ BC, a span of about 100 years

538 to 433 BC

When did King Cyrus of Persia conquer Babylon?

539 BC

Persian Empire

539-332 BC

The Medo-Persian Empire

550-450 BC

When was the city of Jerusalem and the temple destroyed by the Babylonians?

587 BC

The Neo-Babylonian Empire

600-550 BC

Babylonian Empire

612-539 BC

Empires in Transition

650-600 BC

Best guess is that 1&2 Kings is compiled/authored by an anonymous source around

6th century BC

The Neo-Assyrian Empire

745-630 BC

The First Assyrian Threat and the Resurgence of Israel

850-750 BC

Rise of the Aramaeans

950-800 BC

1 & 2 Kings spans from

965 BC - 550 BC so about 400 years

Major Themes of the books of Samuel

Ark of the Covenant Kingship Davidic Covenant Assessment of Saul Assessment of David

Nehemiah served as a cup-bearer to?

Artaxerxes

Major Themes of 1&2 Kings

Assessment of King Solomon Preclassical and Classical Prophecy Dynastic Succession and Charismatic Leadership The Golden Calf Cult

Key Expression for 2 Kings

Captivities of the kingdoms

Structure of the book of Joshua

Ch. 1-5: entering the land Ch. 6-12: conquering the land Ch. 13-22: allocating the land Ch. 23-24 an epilogue by Joshua, includes Joshua's death

The reigns of David and Solomon idealized

Chronicles

Key Word for Joshua

Conquest

Purpose of the books of Kings

Continues the story of kingship begun in Samuel and their primary purpose is to record the "covenant failure" of the Hebrew united and divided monarchies

Major Themes of Joshua

Covenant and Land Ban Divine Warrior Sovereign Involvement Corporate Solidarity

Key Word for Judges

Cycles

Key Word for 2 Samuel

David

Main difference between Saul and David?

David was loyal to the Lord and recognized when he had committed sin

Key Expression for 1 Chronicles

Davidic Covenant

Which judge held a position most similar to what we would think of as a judge today?

Deborah

The centrality of loving and obeying the covenant God

Deuteronomy

The emphasis on the name of God

Deuteronomy

The importance of a central worship place

Deuteronomy

The organization of laws with reference to the Ten Commandments

Deuteronomy

Key Expression for 1 Kings

Division of the kingdoms

God is at work even when he is behind the scenes

Esther

God's plan for his people cannot be thwarted

Esther

The schemes of the wicked are doomed

Esther

Which book uses the effect of reversal and irony?

Esther

The Mosaic law as a religious and social character of Israel

Exodus

The exodus as a redemptive event for ancient Israel

Exodus

The presence of God symbolized in the tabernacle

Exodus

The supremacy of Yahweh over pagan deities

Exodus

Jewish traditions ascribe the writing of the books of Chronicles to

Ezra

______ is one of two OT books containing substantial sections of text written in the Aramaic language

Ezra

Religious and social reform as the aftermath of repentance

Ezra - Nehemiah

The physical restoration of the city of Jerusalem

Ezra - Nehemiah

Yahweh as a covenant-keeping God

Ezra-Nehemiah

Definition of a Kinsman-Redeemer

If a man died without having a son then his brother was obligated to bear a son by his widow to preserve the family line

The Deuteronomistic History

In the first half of the 20th century, it was common for source critics to subject the books of Joshua-Kings to the same kind of analysis used on the Pentateuch - the J, E, P, and D documents

King Cyrus allowing the people to return to Jerusalem was prophesied by?

Isaiah

Who prophesied that the exile would be 70 years long?

Jeremiah (temple destroyed in 587/586 BC and rebuilt in 516 BC)

The Jewish tradition attributes authorship of 1&2 Kings to

Jeremiah the prophet

Which 3 cities were fully destroyed in the book of Joshua?

Jericho, Ai (a second firstfruits given because of Achan's disobedience in Jericho), and Hazor

Key Word for Nehemiah

Jerusalem Walls

Both Ezra and Nehemiah came to ____________ from ______ in Persia during the reign of _______________ (464 - 424 BC)

Jerusalem, Susa, Artaxerxes I

The conquest and apportionment of the land

Joshua

The faithfulness of God's fulfilling covenant promises

Joshua

The importance of obedience

Joshua

These books make up the "Former Prophets" in the Hebrew OT

Joshua Judges Books of Samuel Books of Kings

Tribes of ________ and ____________ in the south become kingdom of Judah, with capital of Jerusalem

Judah and Benjamin

Only _________ and ____________ conquered their land fully (book of Joshua)

Judah and the sons of Jospeh

Covenant failure by the people, the priests, and the tribal leadership

Judges

God's justice and grace

Judges

God's sovereign provision of deliverers

Judges

The cycles of the Judges period

Judges

The role of the Spirit of the Lord

Judges

David is cast as a "second _______" and Solomon as a "second ___________"

Moses, Joshua

Who were in power during the books of Samuel?

Phillistines

Key Word for Esther

Providence

Major Themes of Esther according to the book:

Purim People of God

Key Word for Deuteronomy

Renewal

Purpose of the books of Chronicles

Retell the story of the God of history, more specifically the biography of the God of Israel's history -- especially the Davidic kingship

David's faith shown to be the legacy of his ancestors

Ruth

God's faithfulness and loyalty stimulated by people's faithfulness and loyalty to one another

Ruth

The concept of kinsman redeemer introduced

Ruth

The light of loyalty dispersed during the apostasy of the Judges period

Ruth

These books make up the "Writings" in the Hebrew OT

Ruth Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther

Key Word for Exodus

Salvation

The process toward establishing a covenant with David's line

Samuel 1&2

Key Word for 1 Samuel

Saul

Who were the people responsible for many cultural achievements before the time of the Patriarchs in Mesopotamia?

Sumerians

Key Word for Ezra

Temple

Major Themes of the book of Judges

The Nature of Charismatic Leadership Spirit of the Lord Israel's Apostasy

"Hexateuch" stands for

The first 5 books of the OT plus the book of Joshua

Purpose of the book of Joshua

The purpose of the book is to convey how God kept his covenant promise to bring the Israelites into the land he had showed to Abraham 1 - Described how the people allocated the land Every Jubilee, the land was to be restored to its original owners 2 - Reminds Israel that Yahweh has been faithful to His covenant 3 - Reminds them that they made a promise to also be faithful to Yahweh 4 - Call to Israel to be separate from idols and devoted to God and not idols 5 - Reminded the Israelites that God gave them the land they were living in 6 - Shows them that God keeps His promises 7 - Shows faithfulness of Yahweh 8 - Shows sovereignty of God

God intended for Israel to be a what kind of government system?

Theocracy - a nation ruled directly by God

Complete obedience results in complete ___________

blessing

Theology and history merged in Israel through the

covenant

Half-obedience is ____________

disobedience

Ezra means "________" Azariah means "_________ ________"

help, Yahweh helps

The macrostructure of Chronicles highlights the author's intent to instill

hope

The Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 BC) was a time of

international trade

The book of Ruth took place during the time of the

judges

At time of Israel's invasion, Canaan was

made up of city-states

Non-writing prophecy is considered _____________ and writing prophecy is the _____________

preclassical, classical

God calls us to be __________

servants

Most people attribute the writings of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah to

the "postexilic chronicler" - the same person who wrote the books of Chronicles

Only other story of the Bible or any ancient Near Eastern literature that is similar to Esther?

the story of Joseph

What was the task of the judges?

to be the Lord's instrument for providing deliverance to God's people

OT thing regarded as the "_______" and NT as the "___________"

type, archetype

Who is the author of judges?

unsure, maybe Samuel


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