Old Testament 1 - Exam 2
Key Word for Numbers
Wanderings
Key Word for Genesis
Beginnings
Which empire was the first "world-class" empire in history?
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Divine testing of human motives
Numbers
God communicating his truth through the medium of culture
Numbers
God's faithfulness to his covenant promises
Numbers
God's sovereign rule of the nations
Numbers
Purpose of Ezra
To record the events of the 1st and 2nd returns to the land of Israel by the Jews according to the prophecies of Jeremiah: Jeremiah 25:11, 29:10
Purpose of the book of Judges
To show the failure of the Israelites to keep their part of the covenant
Purpose of the books of Ezra & Nehemiah
To show the numerous ways that God was faithfully at work in restoring the people of Israel to their land after the Babylonian exile
Major Themes of 1&2 Chronicles
Worship in the OT The Chronicler's Vocabulary Typology
What 2 prophets prophesied about the state of Jerusalem that Ezra and Nehemiah would face some 60 years earlier?
Zechariah and Haggai
Hesed
a Hebrew word meaning covenant loyalty
Define Typology
a method of exegesis that establishes historical correspondence between OT events, persons, or objects and ideas and similar NT events, persons, or objects and ideas by way of foreshadowing or prototype
Ezra was
a priest and scribe who was skilled in the law of Moses
Solomon's reign is known as the
"golden age"
Iron Age II
1000-586 BC
Key Expression for 2 Chronicles
Priestly view of Judah
God calls servants to ____________
leadership
Key Word for Leviticus
Holiness
Characters in Esther
King Xerxes, Queen Vashti, Esther, Mordecai, Haman
Kingship, good and evil
Kings
Key Word for Ruth
Kinsman-Redeemer
The holiness of God
Leviticus
The principle of mediation in the service of the priests
Leviticus
The principle of substitution in the sacrificial ritual
Leviticus
The purity of the covenant community
Leviticus
The redeeming of time by means of liturgical calendar
Leviticus
3 Returns to Jerusalem:
1. 537-536 BC led by Sheshbazzar 2. 457 BC led by Ezra 3. 445-444 BC led by Nehemiah (in the book of Nehemiah)
Disobedience separated people from God
Genesis
3 Exiles by the Babylonians
1. 605 BC Nebuchadnezzar - Babylonian King - Daniel part of this group - Jews deported into exile - Daniel returned in 597 2. 597 BC into Babylonian captivity - Prophet Ezekial taken in this deportation 3. 587-586 BC third exile - the destruction of the temple - Jeremiah was taken into exile by Egyptians
God created, and creation was good
Genesis
God instituted a program of revelation called the covenant
Genesis
Iron Age 1
1200-1000 BC
Date of the period of judges
12th and 11th centuries BC (1100-1000 BC)
Date of the judges time period
1350-1050 BC
Who is the "Divine Warrior" in the book of Josua?
God
Date for the book of Joshua
1400-1300 BC - Book written in time of lifetime of Rahab
Nehemiah covers a ____ year period from ______ to _______ BC
15, 445-431 BC
The Late Bronze Age
1500-1200 BC
Egyptian Empire
2000-1200 BC
Middle Bronze Age of Canaan
2000-1550 BC
The Patriarchal Period
2000-1600 BC
Who was disobedient to the ban in the book of Joshua?
Achan
For the ancient Near East, where do fixed time points come from?
Assyrian Eponym lists
The Septuigant combines the books of Samuel and Kings into one book called
"Kingdoms"
What does "Joshua" mean in hebrew?
"Yahweh saves" - Jesus' name comes from the same root
The type of kingship associated with Judah is usually called the
"dynastic succession" model of royal rule
The Hebrew title of the books of Chronicles is
"the words of the days" or "the events" of the monarchies
What does the "ban" refer to in the book of Joshua?
- The instructions regarding how the conquered cities of Palestine were to be treated - To consecrate something or someone as a permanent and definitive offering for the sanctuary; in war, consecrate a city and its inhabitants to destruction; carry out this destruction; totally annihilate a population in war; kill
Purposes of the book of Ruth
- To show that when people are faithful, God is faithful - God preserved some families of faithfulness during them Judges period and that very background is from which David came
Purpose of the books of Samuel
- To tell the story of the establishment of the kingship covenant with David - Most likely written to make an argument for the human monarchy being ordained by God
5 Step Cycle of Judges
1 - Israelites would follow other gods 2 - God brings punishment 3 - They cried out to God - didn't necessarily repent 4 - God brought up a judge 5 - People went back into idolatry
The accuracy of which book has been called into question more than any other book in the OT besides Genesis?
1&2 Chronicles
The centrality of temple worship
1&2 Chronicles
The retelling of the past to inspire hope in the present
1&2 Chronicles
The validation of the priests and Levites as community leaders
1&2 Chronicles
Covenant blessings (repentance and restoration) and curses (judgement and exile)
1&2 Kings
Elijah and Elisha stories are found in
1&2 Kings
The prophetic voice as the royal conscience
1&2 Kings
Worship -- Yahwism vs Baalism
1&2 Kings
The importance of divine kingship
1&2 Samuel
The institution of kingship
1&2 Samuel
Purposes of the book of Esther
1. Demonstrates God's providential care of His people 2. Commends the observance of the feast of Purim in Chapter 9:24-28 Purim is the festival where they celebrate the freeing of Jews from destruction 3. God often uses ordinary people for the accomplishing of His purposes
In each battle narrative in the book of Joshua, only enough information is given to convey what 2 things?
1. God was the one who engineered the victory 2. God's instructions were carried out in placing the defeated cities under the ban
5 Steps to Spiritual Renewal from book of Nehemiah:
1. It comes as a result of the proclamation of God's word 2. It involves repentance 3. It involves commitment to the things of God 4. It involves worship and celebration 5. It involves separation from those things that may lead to compromise in our faith
2 Major Themes of Ruth
1. Kinsman-Redeemer 2. Hesed
Satan's strategies to stop the rebuilding of the temple in Ezra 4?
1. People try to sabotage the building of the temple 2. Try to discourage them by frightening them 3. Got false witnesses to stop the temple because they were accused of something against the king
Major Themes of Esther according to Dr. Betts:
1. Providence of God - We see God's work in all of the story 2. The writer of Esther wants us to see the mystery of God's hand in history - God installs the means of deliverance before the decree to destroy the Jewish people is put into place - God Himself will provide 3. Conflict of World Views Esther presents 2 conflicting world views 1. Represented by Haman Believed in fate, power, pushing oneself forward in arrogance, seeking position 2. Represented by Esther Brings herself into humility, relies on God and His grace and help for her in a difficult time 4. Obedience to God's will - Esther and Mordecai show us how to be obedient to God's will - Both embodied faith and sought the welfare of the people where they were 5. Danger of Going Against the People of God - Goes back to the Abrahamaic covenant - God blesses those who bless Abraham and his descendants and curses those who curse them 6. Hiddenness of God's name - Shows that God is involved in people's life even when people don't see it - God works out His purposes, whether we see it or not - A people of faith will trust God to be faithful even when we don't see Him at work - God is faithful - We should rejoice when and when we do not see God at work 7. The reversal of fortunes - We see this with Joseph, Gideon, David, Mary, and Esther - Esther is elevated to position of first lady in the mighty Persian Empire - The ultimate reversal of fortunes is through Jesus Christ - We have gone from death to life in Jesus - We have gone from poor to rich through Jesus - At the cross, Jesus took our sin so that we may take on His righteousness
3 Major Mistakes made by Saul in 1 Samuel:
1. Saul makes an offering when it was not his place to do this 2. Ch. 14 Saul had split his army and ordered his troops to fast and then condemns his son to death who broke the fast - Saul had lost his moral compass at this point 3. Saul's disobedience
Purposes of the book of Judges
1. To explore what happened theologically during the years between Joshua and David 2. The message emphasized Yahweh's long-suffering grace in the face of continual and rampant apostasy and injustice among his people 3. Covenant failures from the people were met with covenant faithfulness from the Lord - To show how Israel turns away from the Lord and everyone does what is right in their own eyes - God's desire was to rule over them directly, but the people turned away from that and brought up judges to deliver the people from oppressors - Sets the arrival for a God-ordained king
What 4 things did the Lord promise David?
1. To make David's name great - 2 Sam. 7:9 2. A place in which he would plant Israel - 2 Sam. 7:10 3. To make the land a place of security - 2 Sam. 7:10-11 4. David's descendant would be established on the throne after him - 2 Sam. 7:12
The Empire of David & Solomon
1000-900 BC
Assyrian Empire
1076-612 BC
The judges were made up of _____ men and ____ women
12 men and 1 woman
Mesopotamia to the Time of the Patriarchs
2900-2000 BC
period of judges occurs over _____ years
410
Chronicles written sometime between
500-300 BC
The books of Ezra and Nehemiah recount postexilic history from about ______ BC to ______ BC, a span of about 100 years
538 to 433 BC
When did King Cyrus of Persia conquer Babylon?
539 BC
Persian Empire
539-332 BC
The Medo-Persian Empire
550-450 BC
When was the city of Jerusalem and the temple destroyed by the Babylonians?
587 BC
The Neo-Babylonian Empire
600-550 BC
Babylonian Empire
612-539 BC
Empires in Transition
650-600 BC
Best guess is that 1&2 Kings is compiled/authored by an anonymous source around
6th century BC
The Neo-Assyrian Empire
745-630 BC
The First Assyrian Threat and the Resurgence of Israel
850-750 BC
Rise of the Aramaeans
950-800 BC
1 & 2 Kings spans from
965 BC - 550 BC so about 400 years
Major Themes of the books of Samuel
Ark of the Covenant Kingship Davidic Covenant Assessment of Saul Assessment of David
Nehemiah served as a cup-bearer to?
Artaxerxes
Major Themes of 1&2 Kings
Assessment of King Solomon Preclassical and Classical Prophecy Dynastic Succession and Charismatic Leadership The Golden Calf Cult
Key Expression for 2 Kings
Captivities of the kingdoms
Structure of the book of Joshua
Ch. 1-5: entering the land Ch. 6-12: conquering the land Ch. 13-22: allocating the land Ch. 23-24 an epilogue by Joshua, includes Joshua's death
The reigns of David and Solomon idealized
Chronicles
Key Word for Joshua
Conquest
Purpose of the books of Kings
Continues the story of kingship begun in Samuel and their primary purpose is to record the "covenant failure" of the Hebrew united and divided monarchies
Major Themes of Joshua
Covenant and Land Ban Divine Warrior Sovereign Involvement Corporate Solidarity
Key Word for Judges
Cycles
Key Word for 2 Samuel
David
Main difference between Saul and David?
David was loyal to the Lord and recognized when he had committed sin
Key Expression for 1 Chronicles
Davidic Covenant
Which judge held a position most similar to what we would think of as a judge today?
Deborah
The centrality of loving and obeying the covenant God
Deuteronomy
The emphasis on the name of God
Deuteronomy
The importance of a central worship place
Deuteronomy
The organization of laws with reference to the Ten Commandments
Deuteronomy
Key Expression for 1 Kings
Division of the kingdoms
God is at work even when he is behind the scenes
Esther
God's plan for his people cannot be thwarted
Esther
The schemes of the wicked are doomed
Esther
Which book uses the effect of reversal and irony?
Esther
The Mosaic law as a religious and social character of Israel
Exodus
The exodus as a redemptive event for ancient Israel
Exodus
The presence of God symbolized in the tabernacle
Exodus
The supremacy of Yahweh over pagan deities
Exodus
Jewish traditions ascribe the writing of the books of Chronicles to
Ezra
______ is one of two OT books containing substantial sections of text written in the Aramaic language
Ezra
Religious and social reform as the aftermath of repentance
Ezra - Nehemiah
The physical restoration of the city of Jerusalem
Ezra - Nehemiah
Yahweh as a covenant-keeping God
Ezra-Nehemiah
Definition of a Kinsman-Redeemer
If a man died without having a son then his brother was obligated to bear a son by his widow to preserve the family line
The Deuteronomistic History
In the first half of the 20th century, it was common for source critics to subject the books of Joshua-Kings to the same kind of analysis used on the Pentateuch - the J, E, P, and D documents
King Cyrus allowing the people to return to Jerusalem was prophesied by?
Isaiah
Who prophesied that the exile would be 70 years long?
Jeremiah (temple destroyed in 587/586 BC and rebuilt in 516 BC)
The Jewish tradition attributes authorship of 1&2 Kings to
Jeremiah the prophet
Which 3 cities were fully destroyed in the book of Joshua?
Jericho, Ai (a second firstfruits given because of Achan's disobedience in Jericho), and Hazor
Key Word for Nehemiah
Jerusalem Walls
Both Ezra and Nehemiah came to ____________ from ______ in Persia during the reign of _______________ (464 - 424 BC)
Jerusalem, Susa, Artaxerxes I
The conquest and apportionment of the land
Joshua
The faithfulness of God's fulfilling covenant promises
Joshua
The importance of obedience
Joshua
These books make up the "Former Prophets" in the Hebrew OT
Joshua Judges Books of Samuel Books of Kings
Tribes of ________ and ____________ in the south become kingdom of Judah, with capital of Jerusalem
Judah and Benjamin
Only _________ and ____________ conquered their land fully (book of Joshua)
Judah and the sons of Jospeh
Covenant failure by the people, the priests, and the tribal leadership
Judges
God's justice and grace
Judges
God's sovereign provision of deliverers
Judges
The cycles of the Judges period
Judges
The role of the Spirit of the Lord
Judges
David is cast as a "second _______" and Solomon as a "second ___________"
Moses, Joshua
Who were in power during the books of Samuel?
Phillistines
Key Word for Esther
Providence
Major Themes of Esther according to the book:
Purim People of God
Key Word for Deuteronomy
Renewal
Purpose of the books of Chronicles
Retell the story of the God of history, more specifically the biography of the God of Israel's history -- especially the Davidic kingship
David's faith shown to be the legacy of his ancestors
Ruth
God's faithfulness and loyalty stimulated by people's faithfulness and loyalty to one another
Ruth
The concept of kinsman redeemer introduced
Ruth
The light of loyalty dispersed during the apostasy of the Judges period
Ruth
These books make up the "Writings" in the Hebrew OT
Ruth Chronicles Ezra Nehemiah Esther
Key Word for Exodus
Salvation
The process toward establishing a covenant with David's line
Samuel 1&2
Key Word for 1 Samuel
Saul
Who were the people responsible for many cultural achievements before the time of the Patriarchs in Mesopotamia?
Sumerians
Key Word for Ezra
Temple
Major Themes of the book of Judges
The Nature of Charismatic Leadership Spirit of the Lord Israel's Apostasy
"Hexateuch" stands for
The first 5 books of the OT plus the book of Joshua
Purpose of the book of Joshua
The purpose of the book is to convey how God kept his covenant promise to bring the Israelites into the land he had showed to Abraham 1 - Described how the people allocated the land Every Jubilee, the land was to be restored to its original owners 2 - Reminds Israel that Yahweh has been faithful to His covenant 3 - Reminds them that they made a promise to also be faithful to Yahweh 4 - Call to Israel to be separate from idols and devoted to God and not idols 5 - Reminded the Israelites that God gave them the land they were living in 6 - Shows them that God keeps His promises 7 - Shows faithfulness of Yahweh 8 - Shows sovereignty of God
God intended for Israel to be a what kind of government system?
Theocracy - a nation ruled directly by God
Complete obedience results in complete ___________
blessing
Theology and history merged in Israel through the
covenant
Half-obedience is ____________
disobedience
Ezra means "________" Azariah means "_________ ________"
help, Yahweh helps
The macrostructure of Chronicles highlights the author's intent to instill
hope
The Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 BC) was a time of
international trade
The book of Ruth took place during the time of the
judges
At time of Israel's invasion, Canaan was
made up of city-states
Non-writing prophecy is considered _____________ and writing prophecy is the _____________
preclassical, classical
God calls us to be __________
servants
Most people attribute the writings of the books of Ezra and Nehemiah to
the "postexilic chronicler" - the same person who wrote the books of Chronicles
Only other story of the Bible or any ancient Near Eastern literature that is similar to Esther?
the story of Joseph
What was the task of the judges?
to be the Lord's instrument for providing deliverance to God's people
OT thing regarded as the "_______" and NT as the "___________"
type, archetype
Who is the author of judges?
unsure, maybe Samuel
