olympics

Olympic motto

Citius, Altius, Fortius Faster, Higher, Stronger

James Sullivan

Founded the AAU

location of the Ancient Olympic Games

Olympia, Greece

Olympism

Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort, the educational value of good example and respect for universal fundamental principles

the origins of the various Olympic symbols

The 5 rings represent the 5 continents with 5 colors of the flags of the country that participated at the time (made by cubertin in 1912) the flag made by coubertin 1914, passes from the mayor of each host city to the next the origanal flag is in a meusem and a couple have been reproduces since then The Olympic torch as a symbol of peace Medals gold, silver and bronze started in LA

team sports

did not show who is the best team sports first in Games with soccer (football) at the 19000 paris games

1906:

( April 9 to April 19) "Intercalated Games" the Olympic movement was not doing well because of 1900 and 1904, so they wanted to hold in Athens to celebrate the 10th anniversary to bring it back to how it was, the games were going to be played each 4 yrs in Greece but 1910 there was political problems, and WWI prevented the 1914 and 1918 so idea was abandoned, quite successful and first medal awards ceremony with flag raising, first Olympic village,

1908:

( april 27 to Oct 31- 6 months)London held these games. Originally awarded to Rome,Italy but mt.vesuvius erupted devastating the city of naples. Money for the games were used to rebuild, was staged in the Franco British exposition, sport and political structure of the Olympic Movement would come together as a result of these games, each country carried their flag( problems with showing hierarchy), US refused to dip flag, led to standardized rules and judges being selected from other countries besides the host country, British-American rivalry would begin, first games to hold winter events( not a separate event). First games to be captured on film, limited the number of entries from one country. Official marathon distance was establish ( dorando pietri helped, johhny hayes declared as winner)

1912:

(may 5- july 27) Stockholm, Sweden, the success of the 5th games would sustain Olympic movement through WWI, many firsts such as unofficial timing devices, phtography to determine close races, public address system, participation of Japan, all 5 continents were repped, architecture, introduced moden pentathlon, boxing not included ( illegal in Sweden), first games to enforce rules of amateur status ( francis beaurepaire banned for teaching swimming)

1904:

4 ½ monts (July 1-Nov 23) In St.Louis, repeated the same mistakes as Paris, held it as part of the St. Louis Worlds Fair, it was chosen since it was the centennial celebration of the Louisiana Purchase( prez. Roosevelt wanted that and Coubertin did not want it cus he thought that place was mediocre),not many attended bc hard to get there and European tension by russo-Japan war. First Olympics where gold, silver, and bronze were awarded. First Africans to comepetion.

the abolishment of the Ancient Games

4th century because of the spread of Christianity by emperor Emperor Theodosius

beginning and the end of the Ancient Games

776 B.C -393 A.D

names of the presidents of the IOC in order of service up to and including the 1932 Games

Demetrius Vikelas ( 1894-1896) greece , Baron de Coubertin( 1896-1925) france, Henry Comte de Baillet-Latour ( 1925-1942)belgium

Communist Revolution of Russia

Denied russia the opportunity to participate in the games.

Host city location selection

Depends on politics each place has a representative

Greek revival in the 1800's

Greek revival during the second French empire; napoleon III , archaeological expeditions in Greece began in 1829 at Olympia, German control later part of 1800

the Festival of Hera

Had foot races for unmarried girls was organized by 16 women from the city of elis

Henri Baillet-Latour

IOC president after coubertin Born in belgioum in 1876 Joined the IOC in 1903 and established the Belgium olympics oversaw the 1922 latin america games 1st leison betweeen IOC and other sports

Amount of money made or lost as a result of the hostinghe the Games

LA was the only place to profit from the Olympics everyone else lost money

1908

London, United Kingdom Originally ment for rome but a virus spread help same time as the fair,

1932

Los Angeles, United States Decided in 1932 Shortest time from july 30th to august 14th Presided over by vice president charles curtis had less comittes, athletes do to the location, great depression and lost of soccer LA arranged for european travel and housed the olympic village in cotages had 100,000 attendees and made 1,000,000 profit

eligibility requirements to participate in the Ancient Games

Male, free greek citizen, have not committed murder or heresy; had to go to Olympia and train for one month while being observed by officials; if deemed unworthy, would not be allowed compete; men performed naked.

religious underpinnings for the holding of the Ancient Games

Religious/sporting festival to honor Zeus; Zeus was the king of the God (supreme deity); Athletic events were a ritual sacrifice of energy to Zeus

1916

Scheduled for Berlin, Germany: Berlin, WWI began in 1914( everyone thought war would be short, no need to cancel), strong anti german feelings with IOC( expulsion of German IOC members),in 1915 coubertin moved the headquarters from Paris to Lausanne, Switzerland. The 1916 games were cancelled

various athletic events associated with the Ancient Games

Stadion foot race; First and only event from 776 B.C. - 724 B.C.; Race one stade in length; 607 feet or 185 meters; Straight line By the 5th century B.C. - other events were added and lasted 5 days 2 other foot races besides the stade; diaulos, dolichos; Foot race in armor (signaled end to the Games); No marathon (added at 1st modern Games, 1896); Pentathlon - long jump, javelin, discus, stadion, wrestling Jump, javelin, discus = triad disciplines; only contested in pentathlon Boxing, wresting, pankration-modern day MMA, equestrian events; chariot racing, no team events

1912

Stockholm, Sweden: : (may 5- july 27) Stockholm, Sweden, the success of the 5th games would sustain Olympic movement through WWI, many firsts such as unofficial timing devices, phtography to determine close races, public address system, participation of Japan, all 5 continents were repped, architecture, introduced moden pentathlon, boxing not included ( illegal in Sweden), first games to enforce rules of amateur status ( francis beaurepaire banned for teaching swimming), longest race in the Olympic history, introduced women's swimming and diving, shizo ( Japanese with long run 54 years), Jim Thorpe,

the Greek perspective on team sports and competition for women in the ancient Games

Team sports were frowned upon since it is mostly about wining and demonstrated who is best, which could not be done through sport. Women were not allowed since they were not seen as competent. They were not allowed in the games at all since they were expected to be maidens

Spread of the British Empire in the 1800's:

The British had an educational system that included physical education. This was thought to be part of the reason for their great success as a world power

Identify the background, role, and impact of the marathon, boxing, tennis & soccer events on the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic

These were all removed at some point for having non-amature athletes

issues related to professionalism, symbolism, and eligibility in the Ancient Games

They needed to be men and fought to the death to prove they are better

importance the Interim Games of 1906 and the Inter-Allied Games of 1919.

They only allowed allies to participate

Boxer Rebellion

To get rid of foreigners communist took over

the role of Dr. William Penny Brooks to the Modern Olympic movement

Wenlock games was established by Penny that was a model for Olympic games

important deities associated with the Games

Zues Heracles (Hercules) founded the games after killing King Augeas of Elis after completing his fifth labor Hera- zues's sister wife Pelops won his bride in a chariot race and founded the Games to commemorate his victory

Industrialization of Western Europe in the 1800's:

capitalism, upward socioeconomic mobility, wealth and status based on merit not birth, leisure time

Fred Lorz

crossed the finish line but hitches a ride bc of cramps banned for life but the participated the year after

Franco-Prussian War

france's loss to Prussia during the war brought national shame, wanted to restore grandeur of French empire, help youth of france, education and sport in british society was an influence

Pierre de Coubertin

idealist, and does not believe in teams and women and husband

the political and social influences that influenced the revival of the modern Games

influenced by some of the teachings in the church about the importance of intellectual, physical, spiritual development, Aristotle " mind, body, spirit", influenced by the role of physical education/ sport in british society/ educational system; class system (merit v. birth right), decline of aristocracy, neo-classical greek revival, industrialization( leisure time, urban culture, capitalism and republic style of government ( socioeconomic mobility) , church: catholic faith or muscular Christianity( your body is your temple) Coubertin also believed it would bring France recognition. People had more leisure time to do sports. Capitalism created an upward socioeconomic mobility.

Women

participation started from not allowing participation to increasing slowly as each Olympic games. Coubertin opposed the inclusion of women in the games, he agreed to it in the 1900 paris games( tennis, gold, and croquet), 2014 marks the first time women. have the same amount of events 1900( 22 women), 1904 (6 women), 1906( 7 women),

Betty Robinson

won 100m race at 16 years old, began runing 4 months before games had a train accident

early 20th century definition of amateur & professional athlete

Amature no longer involves novels just someone who is athletic but not professionall

1936

Berlin, Germany Betty wins a gold metal

Douglas MacArthur

President of the AOC

1906

10 year aniversity intercalated games april 9-19th 1st olympic village greeks wanted them every 5 years inbetweeen the games but games cancelled

early 20th century definition of amateur & professional athlete v. the Ancient Games

1866 First Amateur code, "gentlemen" participate as amateurs, they did not compete for money (only wealthy could afford), did not compete with professionals. An amateur is any person who has never participated in a competition open to all comers, or competed for a cash prize or a sum of money from any source, in particular entry to the grounds or with professionals and who has never at any time in his life been a paid teacher or instructor of physical education. A professional was working class(not gentlemen), "mechanic, artisan or laborer", not just strictly defined in terms of monetarily gain for performance. IOC declared an individuals cannot be a professional in one sport and an amateur in the other.

1st

1894 first ioc meeting, 1896 first modern Olympic games held, 1896 first marathon contested in the Olympics, 1900 first women to compete in the Olympics,1924 first Olympic games, Chamonix, france; 1994 began alternating on 2 year cycles (summer and winter)

date, location, and the reason for the selection of each location of the modern Olympic Games up to and including 1932:

1896 - Athens, Greece 1900 - Paris, France 1904 - St. Louis, United States 1908 - London, United Kingdom 1912 - Stockholm, Sweden 1916 - Scheduled for Berlin, Germany* 1920 - Antwerp, Belgium 1924 - Paris, France 1928 - Amsterdam, Netherlands 1932 - Los Angeles, United States 1936 - Berlin, Germany

Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic games in

1920

Spanish Civil War

1936 games in barcelona were cancelled spain out of cuba and the spanish empire ended

1928

Amsterdam, Netherlands LA canidate May 17 to aug.12 lightning of the olympic flame lost $ 1600 to games ist time asian athelete won a gold metal Paavo Nurmi "flying fin" won 1 gold in 1928, 5 in 1924 and 3 in 1920 Winter Switzerland in february had 4 sports

1920

Antwerp, Belgium

1896

April 6-15, In Athens, Greece was the first Olympics and was the revival of the ancient games. Greek royal family wanted it to be the permanent location for Olympic revival.

impact of WW I on the hosting, staging, and participation of countries and individuals on the modern Olympic Games between WW I and WW II.

Banned Germany fo many years

William Garland

Brookers campaigned to get physical education as part of school curriculum in England. The Olympic society in Brookers town of Wenlock staged mock games for Coubertin. Those games and discussions with Brooker inspired Coubertin to form the IOC and Modern Olympic Games.

WW I

Cancelled games and exluded germany, their allies from being part of the olympics, Ioc members had anti-german feelings, coubertin was aginst banning Germany the 1916 games were cancelled

describe the beginnings of the Winter Olympic Games

Chamonix 1924 Less participants six events: Bobsleigh, curling, skiing, biathlon, ice hockey, skating. IO c changed name to winter Olympics in 1926

1925

Coubertin retires from IOC leaves the headquartes in Lausanne, Switzerland

Congress to Revive the Olympic Games

Coubertin's patriotism was doubted because he admired british methods when he was French, however he ended creating to establish " French Union of Athletic Sports ( multi-sport organization), he then in 1890s began to envision a multinational and multisport comptetion,he had difficult selling his idea to the world but organized a conference on amateur sport in paris 1894 at the Univesity of Paris-soborne ( delegates from 34 countries attended) , he changed the name to Congress to revive the Olympic games, the IOC was founded at the meeting, 14 members that were passionate of sport. First games were held in Athens, Greece 1896.

Alice Milliat

Most influencial women, inspired by the woments suffrege and the 19th amndment Started international womens sport federation with 5 others Women rejected from the 1920 games made her own games, were popular called 1922 Womens olympic games track anf field. held 20,000 had next game in gothenburg, sweeden in 1926 IAAF demanded she change name in exchange for 10 events in 1928 but women only partisipated in 5 events. Dissolved during the depression and hitler

Jim Thorpe

Native American considered one of the gratest athlete Lost his metals for teaching baseball alcoholic, hard time with work wife left him was later reenstated his metals.

amateurism

Only people who were ruled amateur were allowed to play. This excluded any professional who received money as an athlete or P.E. instructor. It prevented the working class from joining and was targeted towards novels

1900

Paris held these games, they were held in Paris Worlds fair( may 14 to oct 28) 5 ½ months, people participated not knowing they were in the olympics, had different names like international championships, international games, paris champ, world champ., grand pic of the paris exhi., women participated for the first time (margater abott got title but never knew)

1924

Paris, France 60 years without tennis LA valunteered since their was conflict with france and the germans, but conflict was resolved Had 1st winter olympic games

influence that various World's Fair's and other similar multi-national gatherings had on the hosting and staging of the modern Olympic Games up to 1932

People were unawere they were part of the olympics It was to big of a time period Had bad results every time

Pierre de Coubertin(french nobleman) and his role in the modern Olympic movement and his specific view on women, amateurs, and team sports

Pierre de Coubertin founded the games, first held in 1896 He did not believe women were physically capable of keeping up with men, did not believe in team sports since they did not show who is best. Wanted only armatures to participate.

Popularity of each Olympics and participation increase/decreases

Population increased throughout the years, did not have as much luck when the world fair took place at the same time and when the timing was to long.