Operating the MK-Series Vehicle Off-Road (Remote)
Off-Road Driving Preparation Introduction
As an MTVR operator, you will be driving the truck in various off-road conditions. You must be prepared to safely transport cargo or passengers whether the terrain is dry, sandy, muddy, or snow-covered. Before traveling off-road, make sure your cargo is securely tied down and that your passengers are prepared for off-road travel. It is also necessary to raise the underride bar and pin up the rear mud flaps. Always select the proper CTIS setting and gear range for the terrain conditions
Preparing for Night Movements Vehicle and Driver Preparation
Before you participate in night operations, you will perform Before Operations PMCS. One of the checks you perform will verify that both normal and blackout lights are operating properly. Prior to departing, you should make sure your eyes are adjusted to the darkness. This may require avoiding bright lights for an hour or more before you depart.
Wooded Terrain Low Hanging Limbs
Beware of low hanging tree limbs. Tarp bows can be broken and cargo covers can be ripped. Whenever possible, survey the route before you travel through it. To ensure adequate vehicle clearance when operating in a wooded area, you may have to: Remove low hanging branches. Build up the ground around fallen trees. Remove the cargo cover, tarps, and bows from the vehicle
Night Movement Hazards Blackout Conditions
Blackout lighting is minimal in intensity, making it difficult to see. This is one reason that operating under blackout conditions can be hazardous if you do not drive slowly and carefully. Both you and your assistant driver must be alert to driving conditions, and be prepared for the unexpected.
Fording Operation Driving
After the CTIS has adjusted the tire pressure and you have turned off the engine fan, drive through the fording site: 1) Select first gear. Set the transmission range selector to first gear. Select D on the transmission selector. The display will show 7 in the left digit. Use the down arrow to lower the gear selection to 1 (first gear). 2) Drive slowly through the water. Drive slowly through the water. Don't stop the vehicle while in the water unless absolutely necessary. However, if you accidently enter water that is deeper than 60 inches, immediately stop and slowly back the vehicle out of the water.
Night Movement Hazards Flares
Another hazard of night driving in an operational environment is the bright, artificial illumination from flares. Looking directly at a flare will temporarily impair your vision. If a flash from a flare occurs unexpectedly, close one eye briefly to reduce the effect on your ability to see.
Night Movement Hazards Limited View
Darkness increases driving danger by limiting your ability to see the road ahead of you. In daylight you can often see hundreds or thousands of feet ahead, anticipating situations or conditions that may be hazardous. At night, your view is frequently limited to the area illuminated by your headlights. When operating at night with blackout lights, your view is even further restricted.
Ditches Keep the Vehicle Moving
Do not stop the vehicle until you have completely crossed the ditch. The vehicle should be kept moving so that the momentum will aid the vehicle as it crosses the ditch.
Crossing a Side Slope Moving Across a Slope
Do not travel diagonally across a slope unless absolutely necessary. If you must traverse a side slope: Select the lowest gear possible. Set the CTIS to either the CC or the MSS mode. Always choose the smallest angle possible and keep the vehicle moving. Avoid any abrupt steering maneuvers. Turn slowly and cautiously.
Ascending a Slope Maintaining Traction
Do the following to maintain traction while ascending a hill: If the wheels start to slip, stop and change the CTIS setting to the Mud/Sand/Snow (MSS) mode. If the wheels continue to slip, stop and change the CTIS terrain setting to Emergency (EMER). After changing the CTIS setting, gradually apply the accelerator and release the service brake as you regain traction. CAUTION Do not change CTIS settings while vehicle is turning or wheels are slipping. Damage to equipment may occur.
Ravines Introduction
Ravines are formed naturally by running water. The MTVR can easily cross a ravine if you follow a few simple actions and take adequate precautions before entering the ravine. Before you attempt to cross the ravine: Stop the vehicle. Inspect the sides of the ravine. Look for loose ground and obstacles. Be sure to visually examine the opposite bank as well. Select the best path to cross. If water is flowing in the ravine, check its depth.
Off-Road Driving Conditions Snow and Icy Conditions
In adverse conditions such as snow or rain, off-road travel can become even more hazardous. Drive slowly and turn slowly and smoothly. Keep twice the normal distance between you and the vehicle ahead of you. Install tire chains to help improve traction on snow and ice. If your vehicle begins to skid: Let up on the accelerator pedal. Steer in the direction of the skid. Do not apply the brakes.
Off-Road Operation Introduction
In most off-road settings, you will select one of the following CTIS settings: Cross Country (CC) Mud/Sand/Snow (MSS) Emergency (EMER) When operating off-road, select the CTIS setting that provides the best traction for the operating conditions. CAUTION The EMER (Emergency) setting is for extreme conditions only and should not be used for normal driving. Damage to driveline may result.
Off-Road Driving Conditions Introduction
Off-road terrain is generally unpaved and unstable. The road you drive on may be simply a narrow path or no road at all. Driving safely off-road requires greater concentration than on-road driving. It is easy to lose control of your vehicle if you are not careful. Early preparation and awareness will help you overcome problems you may encounter.
Descending a Slope Using Transmission Gear and Service Brakes
On long, steep downgrades, use the transmission and service brakes to maintain a safe speed. Selecting a low gear range before descending the hill will help to keep down your speed. Use a transmission gear range that enables you to maintain engine speed between 1000 and 2100 rpm. Use the service brakes as needed. But remember that rapid, repeated use of service brakes will consume compressed air supply. Monitor the air pressure gauge to ensure air pressure stays within acceptable limits.
Ascending a Slope Adjust Transmission and CTIS Selections
Once you have reached the top of the hill, adjust the transmission range selector and CTIS controller to the appropriate settings for the road ahead.
Resuming Normal Operation Introduction
Once your vehicle is safely out of the water, check the vehicle and restore normal operation: Enable the engine cooling fan. Exercise the brakes. Select the appropriate CTIS and transmission settings. Inspect components and stowed equipment. Clear away debris and water.
Preparing for Night Movements Convoy Brief
Prior to departure on a night movement, you will be briefed about the mission. The mission brief may include information on: Convoy organization and vehicle assignments Departure and arrival times Traffic control and compliance March route and maximum/minimum speed Halts and handling vehicle gaps The convoy commander will determine if and when blackout conditions are in effect.
Off-Road Driving Conditions Hazards
You will encounter various hazards when driving off-road. The hazard may be a road condition or another road user that poses a possible danger. Common off-road hazards include: Soft or unstable soil Unpredictable road conditions Obstacles such as boulders or fallen trees Ditches or ravines Try to avoid hazards, but be prepared to take action. Stay alert for potential hazards along your route.
Slave Starting NATO Slave Cable
The NATO slave cable connects the vehicles electrically. The cable is similar to a set of heavy duty jumper cables. The slave cable is AAL (Additional Authorized List) equipment stowed in the vehicle.
Slave Starting NATO Slave Receptacle
The NATO slave receptacle is located on the driver's side, just behind the cab
Manually Engaging the Driveline Locks Driveline Lock Solenoid Switches
The driveline lock solenoid valve switches are located on the driver's side of the engine firewall. There are four solenoid switches numbered C60 through C63. Each switch operates a specific driveline lock. Note: In some TM descriptions, the solenoids are labelled 1-2-3-4 top-to-bottom. This numbering corresponds to C60-C61-C62-C63 as described in this lesson.
Off-Road Operation Emergency Setting
The emergency (EMER) setting is used only in extreme conditions and when selection of a higher setting is insufficient to extract the vehicle. The maximum allowed operating speed for this setting is 5 MPH.
Ascending a Slope Introduction
The engine works hardest when carrying heavy loads uphill. Proper use of the transmission gear selection and CTIS terrain setting will help you minimize stress on the engine, maintain forward motion, and reduce wheel slippage.
Manually Engaging the Driveline Locks Driveline Lock Indicators
The manual driveline lock procedure must ONLY be used in emergency situations when the CTIS has failed and the driveline lock is required to operate the vehicle. When the manual driveline lock is used, the driveline lock indicators on the vehicle dashboard will not be lit
Winch Components and Controls Winch Location
The winch location depends upon the MTVR model: MK25 and MK30 - under the forward end of the cargo bed, passenger side. MK28 - under the rear of the cargo bed, passenger side.
Manually Engaging the Driveline Locks Driveline Lock Configurations
Turn the valve switch for the applicable solenoid a half turn clockwise to engage the driveline lock. There are three possible driveline lock configurations: 1) MSS equivalent Rotate the C61 and C63 solenoid switches to replicate the driveline lock condition that is set when the Mud/Sand/Snow (MSS) is selected on the CTIS. This configuration activates the transfer case and inter-axle locks. 2) EMER equivalent Rotate the C61, C62, and C63 solenoid switches to replicate the condition that is set when the Emergency(EMER) is selected on the CTIS. This configuration activates the transfer case, inter-axle, and rear intra-axle locks. 3) Full driveline lock Rotate all four solenoid switches to provide the full driveline lock condition for maximum traction. This configuration activates all of the driveline locks
Off-Road Driving Preparation Check the Air Filter Restriction Indicator
When traveling off-road, especially in dusty conditions, check the air filter restriction indicator frequently to ensure you are maintaining proper airflow to the engine. The indicator should show less than 15 inches
Resuming Normal Operation Continue Your Mission
When you have completed the after-fording actions, resume your mission. Select the proper CTIS setting for the terrain ahead. Select the appropriate transmission gear. When you transition to on-road operation, remember to lower the underride bar to the normal position and unpin the mud flaps.
Manually Engaging the Driveline Locks Adjust Speed
When you have manually locked the driveline, be sure to adhere to the speed limitations for the driveline lock configuration. Refer to the operator's manual to verify the maximum allowable speed. Adjust your speed to the lower of the speed limitations imposed by: The driveline lock configuration you set The last CTIS terrain setting For example, if the CTIS had been set to EMER (Emergency) before it failed, the maximum speed is 5 mph because the tires are at the EMER inflation pressure. If the CTIS setting had been MSS, with a limitation of 15 mph, but you set the full lock condition, then the maximum speed is 10 mph (full lock conditon CAUTION When manual driveline lock is used, the automatic speed protection features of the CTIS are no longer operational. There are two speed limitations imposed when operating the vehicle. One limitation comes from the CTIS terrain setting, the other from the driveline lock setting. The lower of the two speed limitations must be adhered to. Failure to comply may result in damage to the vehicle.
Crossing a Side Slope Introduction
Whenever possible, avoid driving sideways, or parallel, to the face of a slope. Traveling across a slope sideways can be dangerous. This is particularly true on soft surfaces such as sand because the terrain can give way.
Slave Starting Slave Starting Procedure
You will need an assistant as you follow these actions to properly slave start your vehicle: Park the slaving vehicle close enough to the disabled vehicle that the slave cable can be connected between them. Verify the vehicles are not touching one another. On both vehicles, turn the ignition switch off and ensure all electrical switches are off. Connect the NATO slave cable to the disabled vehicle, then connect to the slaving vehicle. Start the engine of the slaving vehicle and operate at greater than 1,000 rpm while an assistant starts the disabled vehicle. When the disabled vehicle is started and running smoothly, disconnect and stow the slave cable. CAUTION To prevent equipment damage, verify connectors and receptacles are free of dirt, sand, or debris before connecting the slave cable. After slave starting, run the engine at idle for at least 3 to 5 minutes to prevent overcharging the batteries. Failure to comply may result in damage to the batteries.
Returning to On-Road Driving Operation Vehicle Preparation
You are returning to on-road conditions. To prepare the MTVR for paved road driving, perform the following: Lower the underride bar Lower the mud flaps Adjust the CTIS terrain setting as appropriate (HWY if paved road) Select the appropriate transmission gear (7 under most conditions)
Night Movement Hazards Armored Vehicles
Your ability to see at night is also affected by armor on your vehicle. Armor reduces the viewable area of your windshield as well as limiting your side window view.
Using Blackout Lights Blackout Light Operation
1) Turn on the blackout select switch 2) Turn off the Dashboard Light Dimmer Switch 3) Move the blackout light switch to the desired position
Winch Components and Controls Roller Guide
A winch cable roller guide at the right rear under the vehicle bed supports the cable and prevents cable chafing. The roller guide also protects the cable and vehicle when the load position is not precisely behind the vehicle. However, you should never allow the cable to deviate more than 30 degrees from straight behind the vehicle or equipment damage may occur.
Using Blackout Lights Blackout Light Description
All MK-series vehicles have the following blackout lights: 1) Front blackout marker lights Front blackout marker lights: Each front composite light displays one set of white "cat's eyes" when the blackout marker lights are lit. 2) Rear blackout marker lights Rear blackout marker lights: Each rear composite light displays two sets of red "cat's eyes" in each composite light when the blackout marker lights are lit 3) Blackout stop lights Blackout stop lights: Each rear composite light displays a single white light below the rear marker lights when the brake pedal is depressed 4) Blackout drive light Blackout drive light: The blackout drive light is a single hooded light mounted on the driver's side of the MTVR hood.
Resuming Normal Operation Clean the Vehicle
As soon as possible after leaving the water, clean the vehicle. Remove any debris from all areas of the vehicle. Flush any areas that may have come in contact with water to reduce potential corrosion. If the water during fording was high enough to reach the cab or underbed stowage: Drain water from the vehicle, including the crew seat and BII box. Remove dropsides, troop seats, and backrests from stowage. Rinse with fresh water, allow to dry, and restow. After fording, the vehicle must be serviced by unit maintenance. NOTE: In some vehicles, plugs located under the crew seat and between the driver seat and crew seat can be removed to drain water from these areas.
Resuming Normal Operation Turn the FAN FORD Switch Off
As soon as you have cleared the water, turn the FAN FORD switch to the OFF position. This will re-engage the cooling fan. Verify that the FAN OFF indicator is no longer illuminated. NOTE: Failure to turn off the FAN FORD switch immediately after leaving the water could result in damage to the vehicle
Preparing to Ford Introduction
As the operator of the MTVR, you are accountable for the safety of the vehicle and for the well-being of your fellow Marines onboard. Off-road missions may require you to operate the vehicle in a wide variety of driving situations, including fording streams and shallow bodies of water. The MTVR is capable of hard bottom fording up to 60 inches. While driving through water with your vehicle can be dangerous, taking the proper steps to prepare for fording will help you to complete the operation safely.
Preparing to Ford Check the Site
As you prepare for fording, you must verify two critical conditions of the fording site: Verify that the maximum water depth at the fording site is not more than 60 inches. Ensure bottom of fording site is firm enough that 60 inches (152 cm) maximum fording depth will not be exceeded and the vehicle will not become mired. WARNING Do not ford unless the water depth is known. Water deeper than 60 inches (including wave height) may cause personal injury or damage to equipment.
Ravines Accelerate to Climb Out
As your wheels touch the bottom of the ravine, begin to accelerate. Continue to accelerate so that the vehicle has enough momentum to climb the opposite bank.
Types of Emergency Repair Introduction
At some point, you will likely encounter problems such as a flat tire or dead battery on your MTVR. You may also experience a CTIS failure at a time when you need the additional traction provided by driveline locks. This lesson covers three specific emergency conditions and discusses steps you can take to temporarily resolve the problem so you can continue your mission: Slave start a vehicle with a dead battery Slave starting is the procedure to start a vehicle with dead batteries by connecting a NATO slave cable between another vehicle and the disabled vehicle Manually engage the driveline locks Driveline locks can be manually engaged in an emergency situation when locking the driveline is required for additional traction but the CTIS controller is inoperable. Limp home with flat tire Limp home enables you to temporarily continue operation when you experience a flat tire and the CTIS is unable to maintain tire pressure.
Wooded Terrain Stumps and Fallen Logs
Avoid driving over stumps and fallen logs, when possible. A stump or a large fallen log, if straddled, can seriously damage the axles, tires, or other vehicle components. If you are unable to avoid or move a fallen log across your path, pile up dirt or other material on each side of the log, then drive over it. Check ground clearance and drive with caution.
Preparing to Ford Secure Loose Objects
Before you begin fording, stop the vehicle and perform the following: Secure loose objects Check cargo tie-downs Check underride bar and mud flaps Check fill caps and dipsticks Verify brake drums are cool CAUTION If your vehicle is equipped with an arctic heater, the arctic heater kit must be removed and connection ports plugged. Failure to comply may result in damage to equipment.
Fording Operation Turn the Fan Off
Before you enter the water, activate the FAN FORD switch to turn off the fan. This switch disables the engine cooling fan. When the FAN FORD switch is activated, the FAN OFF warning light on the dashboard will illuminate. You must disable the fan before entering the water to prevent equipment damage NOTE: Turning the engine fan off also disables the cab air conditioning system.
Fording Operation Select the CTIS Terrain Setting
Before you enter the water, set the CTIS controller to the appropriate terrain selection: For hard bottom fording, select Cross Country (CC). For soft bottom fording, select CC initially. If wheel slip occurs, release the accelerator to stop the spin, and change the CTIS selection to MSS to improve traction. After selecting the initial CTIS terrain setting, wait until the CTIS has completed adjusting the tire pressure before you enter the water.
Off-Road Driving Preparation Preparing the External Components
Before you move from a primary or secondary road to off-road, ensure your mud flaps and underride bar are in the raised position. If you need to adjust your equipment, first park the vehicle in a safe area. When leaving the cab, remember to: Put the transmission in Neutral Set the parking brake Chock the wheels
Driving Safely Introduction
Cross-country driving differs greatly from highway driving. Cross-country operation typically involves driving on: Non-paved gravel roads Lower grade secondary roads Dirt roads When driving off-road, drive carefully. Carelessness off-road can result in equipment damage, personal injury, or even death.
Descending a Slope Using the Engine Brake
Cross-country terrain normally does not provide sufficient traction to allow safe use of the engine brake. However, if the surface provides good traction for your tires, the engine brake may be used to help control your downhill speed. The engine brake should only be used if the route you are traveling is dry and stable. Using the engine brake on loose, wet, or slippery surfaces can cause your vehicle to skid, resulting in loss of control.
Descending a Slope Introduction
Descending a hill, especially a steep grade, can be dangerous. Using a lower transmission gear range can help you maintain a lower vehicle speed. Apply service brakes as needed to control vehicle speed. If the terrain provides good traction for your tires, you may be able to use the engine brake to assist in controlling downhill speed.
Off-Road Driving Conditions Off-Road Speed
Do not operate the vehicle at a speed faster than the maximum allowed speed for the selected CTIS setting. The maximum allowed speed for the CTIS settings are: Cross Country (CC): 40 mph Mud/Sand/Snow (MSS): 15 mph Emergency (EMER): 5 mph The MSS and EMER settings engage specific driveline locks. You can manually engage additional driveline locks using the Driveline Lock switch on the dashboard. Additional driveline locks manually engaged will reduce the maximum allowable speed.
Using Blackout Lights Introduction
During night movements, your convoy may be instructed to use blackout lights instead of normal vehicle lights. Blackout lights typically cannot be seen from a distance greater than 750 ft nor from an airplane flying higher than 400 ft. The appearance of blackout lights can, however, enable you to judge the distance between your vehicle and other vehicles in the convoy.
Off-Road Operation Transmission Range Selector
For extreme off-road terrain, you should operate in third, second, or first gear. When you select D (drive mode) on the transmission selector, the left indicator will show a 7, indicating the top forward gear. Use the down arrow button to decrease the gear selection to 3, 2, or 1 as appropriate for ground conditions. When driving off-road, always accelerate slowly to prevent wheel spin.
Resuming Normal Operation Restore Proper Braking
Fording can temporarily decrease the MTVR's braking ability and speed up brake wear. When you are clear of the water, follow these steps to restore brake action 1) Press the service brake while driving 2) Stop the vehicle 3) Applhy and release the parking brake.
Descending a Slope Changing the CTIS Terrain Setting
If the downhill surface does not provide good traction, you may need to select a lower CTIS terrain setting to maintain control. For example, if you are driving off-road with CC terrain selected and approach a downhill slope that may be slippery or have poor traction, you can change the selection to MSS to provide additional control. Remember that if the CTIS terrain setting is lowered, maximum allowable speed will be reduced.
Ditches Additional Traction
If you think you may need increased traction to cross a ditch, use the CTIS to reduce tire pressure and improve traction. For example, if you are traveling in CC terrain mode, changing CTIS to MSS will lower tire pressure and increase traction. Adjust the CTIS setting before you start across the ditch.
Driving Safely Rocky Terrain
In rough, rocky terrain, drive slowly and traverse obstacles with care. Try to avoid driving over large rocks if possible. If you are unable to avoid a large rock, remember that the area between the vehicle's wheels can get hung up on the rock. Drive over the rock using the tires to prevent damage to the vehicle. Try to achieve a rolling effect by braking as the tire rides over the top of the rock so that the axle settles gently on the other side
Preparing for Night Movements Reason for Night Operations
Night movement may be required for tactical reasons or as a response to some new development that may be either administrative or tactical in nature. Random night movements can also be effective in denying the enemy information of the commander's intent.
Off-Road Driving Conditions Obstacles
Off-road driving exposes you to a variety of obstacles such as large rocks, low limbs, stumps, and fallen trees. Ditches, gullies, and ravines may also impede your progress. Sometimes you will be able to avoid the obstacle in your path by driving around it. At other times, you may need to cross the obstacle. Whether driving around or crossing an obstacle, select the proper CTIS setting and a low transmission gear. Maintain an appropriate speed as you maneuver the vehicle past the obstacle.
Off-Road Driving Preparation Check CTIS Controller
Select the appropriate CTIS setting for your payload/cargo and the terrain. The proper cargo setting must be selected when cargo is added or removed from the vehicle. Select the terrain setting for the terrain condition. For most cross country travel, you will begin in the CC mode. If travel is planned in an off-road area where poor traction conditions are likely, bring the vehicle to a stop and then select the appropriate CTIS setting before entering the area. Remember that changing CTIS terrain settings while turning a corner or wheels are slipping can damage the driveline.
Slave Starting Introduction
Slave starting is a procedure used to start a vehicle with dead batteries by using another vehicle with good electrical power. The vehicles are connected with a NATO slave cable. The slave cable plugs into a NATO slave receptacle on each vehicle. Power from the operating vehicle is used to start the disabled vehicle.
Crossing a Side Slope Sliding on a Slope
Sliding sideways can be dangerous because the wheels can wedge themselves into the dirt, causing the vehicle to roll. To avoid sliding sideways on a slope, choose the most direct route possible. If the vehicle begins to slide down sideways, complete the following actions: Steer downhill, in the direction of the slide - not away from it. Follow the direction of the slide. Once control of the vehicle has been restored, bring the vehicle gently back to the intended direction of travel.
Winch Components and Controls Introduction
Some MTVRs are equipped with a winch. The winch has two primary uses: Self-recovery - pulling yourself out of a mired situation. Second vehicle recovery - assisting another vehicle that is mired. The primary difference between the MK23 and the MK25 is that the MK25 is equipped with a winch, while the MK23 is not. The same is true of the long bed truck and dump truck variants - the MK28 and the MK30 are equipped with a winch, while the MK27 and MK29 are not.
Ascending a Slope Transmission Range Selection
Start up the hill at a slow, steady speed. The MTVR transmission will automatically change the gear ratio based on speed and engine rpm. For extreme uphill grades, you can manually downshift the transmission in order to maintain forward motion and engine rpm. Generally, you should use third gear or lower. To manually downshift: Briefly let up on the accelerator. Use the down arrow to select a lower gear.
Off-Road Driving Conditions Overspeed Protection
The CTIS has automatic overspeed protection to prevent damage to the tires. If you travel too fast for the CTIS setting, the OVER SPEED indicator will blink and an audible alarm will sound. Reduce your speed to within the limit for that terrain setting. If you still do not adjust your speed, the CTIS will automatically adjust the terrain setting up after a predetermined time.
Off-Road Operation Cross Country Setting
The EMER (Emergency) setting is for extreme conditions only and should not be used for normal driving. Damage to driveline may result.
Using Blackout Lights Blackout Light Switches
The MTVR blackout lights are operated by three switches on the dashboard: 1) Blackout Select The Blackout Select switch is a two-way rocker switch that allows switching between normal and blackout mode. It is locked in position by a small red tab on the switch. 2) Blackout lights The Dashboard Light Dimmer switch is turned off to allow the blackout controls to provide proper illumination of the dashboard. The Blackout Select switch is a two-way rocker switch that allows switching between normal and blackout mode. It is locked in position by a small red tab on the switch. The Blackout Lights switch is a three-way rocker switch: In the DOWN position,the blackout lights are off. In the CENTER position, only the blackout marker lights are on. In the UP position, both the blackout marker lights and the blackout drive light are on 3) Dashboard Light Dimmer The Dashboard Light Dimmer switch is turned off to allow the blackout controls to provide proper illumination of the dashboard.
Off-Road Driving Preparation Check Your Cargo
The MTVR's handling and response is greatly affected by unstable loading. The shifting of cargo or passengers can be a deadly situation that risks not only the vehicle's operator, but also the passengers and innocent bystanders. If you are carrying cargo, be sure to verify that nothing has shifted and that all tie-downs are secure. After completing external checks and adjustments, stow the chocks and re-enter the cab.
Off-Road Operation Mud/Sand/Snow Setting
The Mud/Sand/Snow (MSS) setting is primarily for operation on soft-surface trails and other unimproved surfaces. Select the MSS setting if you experience wheel slippage in the CC setting. The MSS setting has a maximum allowable operating speed of 15 MPH when no additional driveline lock is engaged.
Off-Road Driving Conditions Off-Road Terrain
The best way to handle most off-road terrain is to drive slowly and cautiously and adhere to the following: Use the lower transmission gear ranges. Accelerate slowly to avoid spinning the wheels. Keep the throttle control pedal steady. Turn the vehicle slowly. Set the CTIS controller to the appropriate terrain selection before driving through the terrain
Using Blackout Lights Blackout Drive Light
The blackout drive light is a hooded lamp mounted on the driver's side of the MTVR hood which directs a diffused light beam to the ground. It will illuminate a small portion of the road, just enough so you can safely operate the vehicle without giving away your vehicle's position. The blackout drive light cannot usually be seen from more than 250 ft away.
Winch Components and Controls Roller Guide Components
The components of the winch cable roller guide are: Guide rollers The horizontal and vertical rollers are used as guides for the cable and also to help prevent chafing. Cable tensioner The cable tensioner rollers: Center the cable Act as an initial guide into the horizontal rollers Help to prevent slack in the cable during winching operations The tensioner lever is used to release pressure from the vertical tensioner rollers, through which the winch cable is fed.
Winch Components and Controls Winch Components
The following are the components of the winch: 1) Cable and Drum 2) Clevis The clevis is attached to the end of the winch cable. The clevis can be connected to your vehicle for self-recovery with a snatch block, or can be attached to another vehicle during direct recovery. 3) Local controls Each of the winch local controls and components has its designated function: The engage/disengage lever enables the winch drum to be powered by the hydraulic motor (engage) or sets the drum to Free Spool (disengage). The manual in/out lever can be used to pay out or wind in the cable when not under load. 4) Hydraulic motor The hydraulic motor supplies power needed to operate the winch
Limp Home Procedure Equipment
The following equipment is needed to perform the procedure to install the limp home strut: Limp home strut Hydraulic jack and jack plate Wheel chocks CTIS cap and plug Tire ramps In most vehicles, the strut, jacks and base plate, and CTIS cap and plug are stored in the BII box under or behind the crew seat. The tire ramps and wheel chocks are stored outside the cab, either behind the steps or in an external equipment box.
Using Blackout Lights Front Blackout Marker Lights
The front blackout marker lights are small white lights that, when viewed from in front of the vehicle, indicate distance between vehicles. They are used to determine distance or identify location, but do not provide enough light to illuminate the road in front of you. If the distance between two vehicles is: Less than 60 feet Between 60 and 180 feet
Limp Home Procedure Introduction
The limp home for flat tire procedure should be used when your MTVR has a flat tire and the CTIS Runflat mode is unable to compensate for the loss of air due to major tire damage. The limp home procedure installs a strut at one of the intermediate axle wheels to minimize ground pressure and minimize further tire damage. The CTIS fitting at that wheel is capped to enable the CTIS system to properly adjust pressure in the other tires. The limp home procedure only applies to the intermediate axle. If a different tire is damaged, it must be changed out with one on the intermediate axle before performing the limp home procedure.
Limp Home Procedure Limp Home Strut
The limp home strut does not lift the tire completely off the ground. It is intended only to minimize ground pressure on the tire by compressing the wheel-end suspension. When the limp home strut is properly installed, the tire will still be in contact with the ground.
Limp Home Procedure Flat Tire on Front or Rear Axle
The limp home strut must only be installed on the intermediate axle. If you have a flat tire on the front or rear axle: Install the limp home strut on the intermediate axle, opposite side Remove the good intermediate axle tire Exchange the flat tire with the good tire from the intermediate axle following all of the steps in accordance with the Operator's Manual Install the flat tire on the intermediate axle, and tighten the limp home strut This process involves multiple procedures and numerous steps that must be completed in order. Use the Operator's Manual and follow the steps carefully
Manually Engaging the Driveline Locks Introduction
The manual driveline lock procedure is used in an emergency situation when the CTIS has failed and driveline lock is required to operate the vehicle. When the MSS or EMER terrain setting is needed because of poor traction conditions, the CTIS is normally used to adjust tire pressure and activate driveline locks. If the CTIS is inoperable, the manual driveline lock procedure can be used to engage specific driveline locks to improve traction.
Using Blackout Lights Rear Blackout Marker Lights
The rear blackout marker lights appear red when lit. These lights are designed so that they appear to change depending on how far away the viewer is from the light. If the distance between your vehicle and the vehicle you are following is: Less than 60 feet Between 60 and 180 feet Over 180 feet
Using Blackout Lights Rear Blackout Stop Lights
The rear blackout stop lights are located directly beneath the blackout marker lights, on each rear composite light. They are white in color and illuminate to indicate that the driver is applying the brakes.
Driving Safety Vehicle Control
The safest way to operate on cross-country terrain is to reduce the vehicle speed and to keep a firm grip on the steering wheel. Select the appropriate CTIS terrain setting and/or driveline locks for the road or terrain condition before you negotiate the terrain.
Driving Safely Reasonable Speed
The speed limit on cross-country roads is generally lower than on highways. Operating a vehicle at highway speeds on unpaved back roads is unsafe and would likely result in an accident or damage to the vehicle.
Off-Road Driving Conditions Strip Map
The strip map is a useful guide that makes you aware of a few of the conditions you may encounter on your off-road assignment, such as restrictive terrain and bodies of water that need to be forded. However, there are several other conditions that you should assess as well.
Off-Road Driving Preparation Adjust Underride Bar
To allow for maximum ground clearance, adjust the underride bar to the upper position. To adjust the underride bar, complete the following steps. 1) Remove the bolts from the side brackets 2) Raise the bar and align the bracket holes. 3) Insert bolts in side support
Ascending a Slope Select the Proper CTIS Setting
To ascend grades between 10% and 25%, stop the vehicle and set the CTIS terrain setting to the Cross Country (CC) mode. For grades under 10%, when surface is firm and you have no wheel slippage, the Highway (HWY) mode is recommended.
Driving Safely Obstacle Avoidance
To avoid obstacles as well as prevent damage to your vehicle and injury to personnel when operating in a cross-country situation, you should: Check ground clearances. Survey the route prior to traversing an obstacle, if possible. Reduce the vehicle speed to increase reaction time and braking ability.
Manually Engaging the Driveline Locks Driveline Lock Activation
To manually engage driveline locks, first shut off the engine and open the hood. Locate the driveline lock solenoid switches on the driver's side firewall. To manually activate a specific driveline lock, turn the associated valve switch one-half turn clockwise.
Crossing a Side Slope Angle of Approach
To reduce the chance of an accident, always select the smallest angle of approach and inspect the slope before traversing it. While inspecting, look for such hazards as: Rocks Obstacles hidden in the grass Ditches Sudden drops These types of hazards are dangerous because they increase the angle of the vehicle and may ultimately result in the vehicle rolling over
Driving Safety Road Conditions
Typical features of cross-country roads include: Sharp curves Sudden bends Steep hills Short sight distances Dips Gravel roads are particularly difficult and dangerous due to their loose surface. Skids and spinouts under these conditions are potential hazards.
Preparing for Night Movements Interval and Speed
Under blackout conditions, your convoy commander will specify the distance between vehicles, typically between 60 and 180 feet. Blackout tail lights assist in maintaining proper distance between vehicles. The visual appearance of blackout marker lights can help you to determine how far you are behind the vehicle in front of you. Under blackout conditions, convoys travel at greatly reduced speed, usually not more than 10 miles per hour
Limp Home Procedure Limp Home Strut Installation
Use the operator's manual and follow the steps precisely when performing the limp home strut installation. 1) Position the flat tire on the tire ramp 2) Cap/plug the CTIS air line and fitting 3) Adjust tire pressure for strut installation 4) Install the limp home strut 5) Raise the wheel and tighten the strut 6) Stow jack equipment and re-inflate remaining tires. 7) Engage driveline locks.
Ditches Crossing the Ditch
When crossing the ditch: Select a low gear, such as first or second gear. Adjust CTIS to an apppropriate terrain setting before proceeding through the ditch. Do not approach the ditch straight on. Approach the ditch at an oblique angle. The vehicle should approach in such a way that one wheel on an axle leaves the ditch as the opposite wheel on the same axle enters it.
Ravines Crossing the Ravine
When crossing the ravine, use the service brake as needed to maintain a slow speed and follow these actions: Select a low gear, such as first or second gear. Adjust CTIS to an apppropriate terrain setting before proceeding through the ravine. Slowly enter the ravine. Ease the front wheels into the ravine so that both wheels strike bottom at the same time.
Limp Home Procedure Limp Home Maximum Speed
When driving in limp home mode, do not exceed the maximum speed specified in operator's manual. The maximum allowable speed with the limp home strut installed is 5, 10, or 15 mph, depending on the type of terrain over which you are traveling.
Preparing for Night Movements Normal and Blackout Modes
When operating at night, your convoy may be traveling with lights in normal mode or in blackout mode. In normal lighting mode, the headlights, parking and tail lights, clearance lights and the standard marker lights are lit. However if your convoy is traveling in blackout conditions, the only lights externally visible on your vehicle are: Front blackout marker lights Rear blackout marker lights Blackout brake lights (when brakes are applied) Blackout drive light (if authorized)
Wooded Terrain Introduction
When operating in wooded terrain, pay close attention to the area immediately surrounding the vehicle. In order for the vehicle to pass safely through the area, the path of travel should be at least wider than the width between the vehicle mirrors. Whenever possible, use established trails to make travel easier.