OPMA CH 10 LS

_______ are characteristics that can be measured numerically, such as weight, length, or diameter

variables

Six Sigma programs attempt to reduce the number of defects produced by reducing the ___________ of a process

variation

Which of the following are assumptions that justify the costs of quality? 1. Failures are caused 2. Prevention is cheaper 3. Performance can be measured

1, 2, and 3

The cost of quality has been estimated at what percentage of every sales dollar?

15-20%

What is the minimum number of samples suggested for control charts with variable measurement?

25

ISO _________ standards are concerned with B2B transactions while ISO ________ standards are concerned with environmental management

9000, 14000

The most important part of an operating characteristic curve is the between the ________ and the LTPD

AQL

Which term describes sampling performed on goods that already exist to determine what percentage of products conform to specifications

Acceptance sampling

A fishbone diagram as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category?

Analyze

Which of the following is not a dimension of quality?

Appraisal

According to a rule of thumb, for every dollar that you spend in prevention, you can save $10 in what types of costs?

Appraisal, failure

Which of the following is variation that is caused by factors that can be clearly identified?

Assignable variation

Quality Characteristics that are classified as either conforming or not conforming to specification are known as which of the following?

Attributes

When the product or service can have more than one defect per unit, which of the following is the most appropriate chart?

C chart

Which of the following is variation that is inherent in the process itself?

Common variation

Which term refers to the inherent value of the product in the marketplace?

Design quality

Design of experiments is a statistical methodology often used in six-sigma projects. It aims to accomplish which of the following?

Determine the cause and effect relationships between process variables and outputs

Where in a process is there an opportunity for defects?

Every step or activity

ISO 9000 recognizes companies each year for outstanding quality management systems

F

It is possible to have zero variability in a process

F

The value for "z" used in quality control charts is based on the degree of confidence you want to have in the resulting UCL and LCL values.

F

Which tool in Six Sigma projects is a structured approach to identify, estimate, prioritize, and evaluate risk of possible failures at each stage of a process?

Failure mode and effect analysis

An assumption in p chart calculation is that the sample size is which of the following?

Fixed

Which of the following people was NOT considered one of the quality gurus?

Henry Ford

Which is the ISO certification regarding quality management requirements in business-to-business dealings?

ISO 9000

An opportunity flow diagram as part of a six-sigma quality improvement process might be found in which DMAIC category?

Improve

Which of the following is NOT an example of when to use a c chart?

Inspecting the diameter of holes drilled into a pipe

Which type of quality cost deals with scrap, rework and repair?

Internal failure costs

Expenditures related to achieving product or service quality include all of the following except:

Manufacturing costs

Which of the following companies made process capability and product design famous by adopting Six Sigma limits?

Motorola

Which distribution is used to calculate the probability of producing a defect?

Normal

Which of the following control charts must use a sample large enough to allow counting of the attribute?

P chart

Which of the following is the control chart that measures the fraction defective of each individual sample tested?

P chart

Which of the following is not an analytical tool used in six-sigma quality improvement programs?

Pass charts

The underlying distribution for the c chart is which of the following?

Poisson

The Malcolm Baldrige award selection process helps improve quality and productivity by which of the following means?

Providing feedback to applicants by the examiners

Which of the following is a quality management standard developed specifically for the automobile industry?

QS 9000

the __-chart and ___-chart are typically used together

R, X

Which dimension of design quality refers to the ease of repair?

Serviceability

What term refers to the philosophy and methods that companies use to eliminate defects in their products and processes?

Six Sigma

Which of the following are not eligible to be considered for the Baldrige Award?

State highway patrol organizations

A "p chart" has upper and lower control limits expressed as lines on the chart. As long as the sample values fall between these two lines there is no need to investigate process behavior.

T

Acceptance sampling is performed on goods that already exist to determine what percentage of items conforms to specifications.

T

Six-sigma refers to the philosophy and methods that some companies use to eliminate defects in their products and processes.

T

The effect of setting specification limits on product allows businesses to monitor processes against these limits

T

The lot size has little effect on the risk associated with an acceptance sampling plan

T

The purpose of sampling is to find when the process has changed in some nonrandom way

T

Variation that is inherent in a production process itself is called assignable variation.

T

Which of the following is a quality management standard developed specifically for the telecommunications industry?

TL 9000

Which of the following is a plot of the averages of the samples that were taken from a process?

X chart

Which charts are used when the measure for the sample is weight, volume, number of inches or other variable measurements?

X chart, R chart

When measurements from periodic samples stay ___________ the control limits the process can be assumed to be working properly

between

Which letter denotes the maximum number of defective items that can be found in the sample before the lot is rejected?

c

Quality at the source is often concerned with ___________ quality

conformance

which quality term refers to the degree to which the product or service design specifications are met?

conformance

In the acronym DMAIC, what does the C stand for?

control

What does DPMO measure?

defect rate

When calculating control limits for a c-chart, c represents the average number of __________ per unit

defects

_________ ________ are NOT used to create a control chart

design specifications

The process of looking outside the company to compare the firm to excellent performers is called _____________ benchmarking

external

ISO documents provide detailed requirements for meeting the standards and describing the tools used for improving the quality in the firm. These documents are

generic and applicable to any organization

Process control plans are used to provide ____________________ about whether items are meeting design specifications and to detect ___________ in the process

information, shifts

Which of the following is not an example of a situation where statistical quality control can be applied?

leaves on the ground below a tree

When measuring variables, it is often preferable to use a small sample size because small samples are _______ _______ and can be ______ ________

less costly, gathered quickly

The Baldrige Quality Award is given annually in all of these categories except

movie

The graphical display of the probability of accepting lots with varying percentages of defects is termed?

operating characteristic curve

When a customer audits its supplier in regards to ISO certification, this is referred to as a _____________ certification

second party