Oppositional movement

Plantar flexion/Dorsiflexion

*P*: *extends the ankle and elevates the heal*, as in standing on tiptoes *D*: *flexion of the ankle and elevation of the sole*, as in "digging in heels"

Protraction/Retraction

*P*: entails moving a part of the body *anteriorly* in the horizontal plane *R*: entails moving a part of the body *posteriorly* in the horizontal plane

Pronation/Supination

*P*: this rotation moves the wrist and hand from *palm-facing-front to Palm-facing-back* *S*: this rotation of the wrist and hand from *palm-facing-back to palm-facing-front*

Circumduction

A special types of angular motion. Like rotating a joint in a full circle. An example of this is moving you arm in a loop, as when drawing a large circle on a chalkboard

A*b*duction/A*d*duction

*Ab*: movement *away* from the midline of the body in the frontal plane *Ad*: the movement *towards* the midline of the body

Flexion/Extension

*F*: movement of the anterior-posterior plane that *reduces* the angle between the articulating elements *E*: occurs in the same plane, but it *increases* the angle between articulating elements

Inversion/Eversion

*I*: a twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole *inward* *E*: a twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole *outward*