Oral Comms Midterm

If Bryant tells his audience to buy a skateboard because they are "really awesome," with no other facts or credible information, this would be considered a/an _______________ argument.

unsound

What are some types of logical fallacies mentioned in the book?

False cause and effect Straw man Personal attack Emotional appeal

What are Aristotle's 3 Proofs

Logos, Ethos, Pathos

What are the 4 stages of listening?

Sensing. Interpreting Evaluating. Responding.

What is critical thinking?

The ability to objectively analyze and evaluate an issue

Why should you limit the text on your PowerPoint slides?

The audience may read from the slides instead of listening.

Competency 4:

Uses an appropriate organizational pattern and has listed all components

Competency 7:

Uses grammar, pronunciation, and articulation appropriate to the designated audience

What are ABC goals?

What you want the audience to feel, do, and think

adaptor

are self-comforting behaviors that usually signal that speakers are uncomfortable in their roles.

illustrator

are visual descriptors; they show size or shape, for example

Reasons or sets of reasons used to persuade are known as:

arguments

Proper way to cite references orally

author, source, date,

A method of generating as many ideas as possible without evaluating them until later is known as what?

brainstorming

The term "whistleblowers" refers to anyone who

calls out wrongdoing, especially in organizations

Of the four Cs, if you cannot generate _________ first, you will not be able to build rapport, credibility or preview content of your speech.

curiosity

What are the four Cs

curiosity, build rapport, credibility or preview content of your speech.

Being able to create, write, give a speech, or have a conversation with technology, is considered:

digital fluency

Fidgeting with a pen or paper or jingling keys in one's pocket could also be called:

displacement activities

The okay or stop sign would be known as a/an:

emblem

Topical

grouping various ideas in a way that makes sense in a order that makes sense

polarizing

having a black and white viewpoint

An arrangement of things according to their relative importance is known as:

hierarchy

Making a self-critical statement while actually hoping to point out something you're proud of is known as:

humblebragging

What is the Socratic Method

looking at multiple sides of an issue

A method of brainstorming that allows you to start with a central word or idea, then use that central idea to think of related ideas by wandering on paper or screen is known as what?

mind mapping

Whereas research half-century ago reported just one in five college students admitting to cheating, today's figures stand as high as ____ out of 10 students.

nine (9)

Spatial

organization as a whole and it's various components

The similarity of structure, phrasing, or part of speech is known as what?

parallelism

A __________________ summarizes your speech in a way that allows you to identify the result you're seeking.

specific purpose

Specific purpose

statement, indicating results

Chronological

the process or order

Know the basic components of the transactional model of communication

the speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and context.

What are proofs?

why someone should believe something

If you want your audience to sign up for the new program you just talked about, this would be considered which of the ABC goals?

Behavioral

what is a glossophobic?

People who go to great lengths to avoid public speaking in a group situation, and even experience physical symptoms when doing so

To avoid filler words "hiding in your head," a speaker must:

Rehearse out loud

By displaying all the elements of dynamism in a speech, a speaker must ask themselves:

"Am I willing to give it my all?

Saying, "He's happy and eager to go to work," instead of "He works with alacrity," is an example of the following quote:

"Don't use a five-dollar word when a fifty-cent word will do."

The sensory, verbal, and visual path for your message to reach someone else is known as what?

Channel

A speaker's clothing should fit the occasion but be ___% more formal than that worn by the audience.

25

What percentage of employers surveyed said that they consider communication skills to be essential?

98%

The Semantic Triangle represents the relationship between:

A concept, term, and object

What are the basic elements of a strong introduction

Attention getter Credible material Relevance to audience Preview of main points

What type of chart is good for showing comparisons between groups because it's easy to get to the point of the graphic quickly?

Bar chart

What is a speaking outline?

A written outline in which main points and subpoints are converted to short phrases or hints to jog your memory while you're speaking.

What are ABC goals acronym stand for?

Affective-feel Behavioral-do Cognitive-think

Problems with visual aids may include:

Allowing the visual aid to take over the presentation

Competency 1:

Chooses and narrows a topic appropriately for the audience and occasion

Which of the following is not one of the four goals of informative speaking?

Clarify

Competency 2:

Communicates the thesis(goal)/specific purpose in a manner appropriate to the audience and occasion

The quality of being seen as knowledgeable, believable, and trustworthy is known as:

Credibility

A mild or indirect substitution for a harsher word is known as a/an:

Euphemism

growth vs fixed mindset

Fixed mindset- sees challenges as permanent obstacles Growth mindset- sees challenges as temporary setbacks

If you give a speech about different types of lies, and then you discuss times that you've been lied to, what success strategy of informative speaking are you using?

Getting personal

Phrases that have non-literal meanings, often specific to a region or country, are known as:

Idioms

Facts

Information that can be verified.

Different types of Plagiarism

Intentional Unintentional

Verbal summaries at the end of a main point are known as:

Internal summaries

Faulty thinking, a trick or illusion, particularly, but not exclusively used by politicians or the media is known as a/an:

Logical fallacy

If a speaker uses quite a lot of data in their speech, which Aristotelian principle are they drawing upon?

Logos

The two to five primary ideas in your speech are known as:

Main points

A speaker using pathos needs to ride a fine line between how they use pity or sadness because this can also be seen as:

Manipulation

The term that describes the tendency of people to remember best what is said first and what is said last is:

Primacy-recency effect

April gave her speech on reducing cheating in online classes. She started out by discussing how widespread the issue is, and then she moved on to some ideas to fix it. April used what type of speech format?

Problem-solution

Visual aids have advantages in public speaking, such as:

Promoting faster understanding

Competency 3:

Provides appropriate supporting material based on audience and occasion

How does public speaking compare to conversation?

Public speaking is more planned and structured than conversation but the two form so communication share common characteristics

SCRAP Method and how to apply it to visual aids

S-Simplicity, use purposeful imagery, don't use too many words C-Contrast, light on dark, dark on light with font A-Alignment, balance, and intentional placement P-Proximity, how close everything is

Your goal in a speech conclusion is to keep which of the following S's in mind?

Simplify and summarize points

If you overwhelm your audience with too many points and too many solutions, they will wonder why you failed to:

Simplify your idea

When the author states that TED Talks are "true to themselves," what does this mean?

Speakers are authentic and real

A written outline in which main points and subpoints are converted to short phrases or hints to jog your memory while you're speaking is known as a/an:

Speaking outline

How how does mindmapping work?

Start by putting a key word or phrase in the middle of a blank piece of paper branch off from the key word with my own personal associations until I cannot any longer

What are the basic elements of a strong conclusion

Summary statement Audience response statement WOW statement

What is catastrophizing?

The tendency to imagine the worst scenario.

Why should you design each PowerPoint slide?

To avoid using a standard, outdated PowerPoint template

Methods of Speech Organization

Topical Chronological Spatial Cause-effect Problem-solution Compare-contrast Pro-con/advantages/disadvantages

Competency 5:

Uses language that is appropriate to the audience and occasion

Competency 8:

Uses physical behaviors that support the verbal message

Competency 6:

Uses vocal variety in rate, pitch, and intensity to heighten and maintain interest

Visualization and public speaking

Visualization or a calling up of mental images can be used to rehearse positive outcomes

If you are asked to give a speech to a car club because you are an expert in the type of car the members of club own, you are selected because of the _______ factor in speaking to inform.

Who

Which questions should you use when you are sorting through your ideas for a topic?

Which ideas best suit the audience, occasion, or assignment from your instructor or boss?

What is mind-mapping

a method of brainstorming that allows you to start with a central word or idea, then using that central idea to think of related ideas

If you are delivering an informative speech to discuss statistics about how many people are downloading e-books from the library, instead of checking out books, to ensure the success of your speech and credibility, your information must be __________.

accurate

An idea or feeling associated with a word, in addition to its actual meaning, is known as:

connotation

The capacity to be aware of, control, and express your emotions and be sensitive to the emotions of others is known as:

emotional intelligence

A system of laws and mores that guide what we should and shouldn't do is known as what?

ethics

Hans had been acting out in class quite a bit, but he wanted to be taken seriously when standing up in front of his audience. When Hans was joking it up before his speech day, he didn't realize he was compromising his _______.

ethos

Asking yourself, "Is there enough evidence to convince me of what the speaker is saying?" is known as the ____________ part of the listening process.

evaluating

Information that indicates whether a statement or idea is valid and true is known as:

evidence

According to experts, a general rule of thumb is that if your speech is five minutes, you would ideally spend how many hours preparing your speech?

five (5)

If you say to yourself, "I have never been comfortable speaking in front of an audience, and I doubt that is going to change now," this thinking is known as what?

fixed mindset

Zeroing in on something that you might have done wrong during your presentation is also known as:

peepholing

Speakers may have a difficult time maintaining momentum when the audience exhibits minimal _________________ feedback.

physical

Reasons to believe an argument, created by Aristotle, are known as what?

proofs

A __________________ summarizes your speech in a single infinitive phrase that tells the audience what your speech is intended to do.

purpose statement

If you have an engaging introduction, you have a strong chance of building _______________ with your audience.

rapport

The art of effective or persuasive speaking is known as:

rhetoric

When sound waves enter your ears and register in your brain, this is known as the ____________ part of the listening process.

sensing

General purpose

to inform, persuade, entertain

The Communication Anxiety Graph published in the Communication Education journal reports that anxiety levels are highest immediately before and during the first __________minutes of a presentation:

two (2)

If you think about the day of your speech and imagine yourself walking confidently up to the speaking area, then beginning your speech by connecting your eye contact with your audience, this is a strategy known as:

visualization