Oral Comms Midterm
If Bryant tells his audience to buy a skateboard because they are "really awesome," with no other facts or credible information, this would be considered a/an _______________ argument.
unsound
What are some types of logical fallacies mentioned in the book?
False cause and effect Straw man Personal attack Emotional appeal
What are Aristotle's 3 Proofs
Logos, Ethos, Pathos
What are the 4 stages of listening?
Sensing. Interpreting Evaluating. Responding.
What is critical thinking?
The ability to objectively analyze and evaluate an issue
Why should you limit the text on your PowerPoint slides?
The audience may read from the slides instead of listening.
Competency 4:
Uses an appropriate organizational pattern and has listed all components
Competency 7:
Uses grammar, pronunciation, and articulation appropriate to the designated audience
What are ABC goals?
What you want the audience to feel, do, and think
adaptor
are self-comforting behaviors that usually signal that speakers are uncomfortable in their roles.
illustrator
are visual descriptors; they show size or shape, for example
Reasons or sets of reasons used to persuade are known as:
arguments
Proper way to cite references orally
author, source, date,
A method of generating as many ideas as possible without evaluating them until later is known as what?
brainstorming
The term "whistleblowers" refers to anyone who
calls out wrongdoing, especially in organizations
Of the four Cs, if you cannot generate _________ first, you will not be able to build rapport, credibility or preview content of your speech.
curiosity
What are the four Cs
curiosity, build rapport, credibility or preview content of your speech.
Being able to create, write, give a speech, or have a conversation with technology, is considered:
digital fluency
Fidgeting with a pen or paper or jingling keys in one's pocket could also be called:
displacement activities
The okay or stop sign would be known as a/an:
emblem
Topical
grouping various ideas in a way that makes sense in a order that makes sense
polarizing
having a black and white viewpoint
An arrangement of things according to their relative importance is known as:
hierarchy
Making a self-critical statement while actually hoping to point out something you're proud of is known as:
humblebragging
What is the Socratic Method
looking at multiple sides of an issue
A method of brainstorming that allows you to start with a central word or idea, then use that central idea to think of related ideas by wandering on paper or screen is known as what?
mind mapping
Whereas research half-century ago reported just one in five college students admitting to cheating, today's figures stand as high as ____ out of 10 students.
nine (9)
Spatial
organization as a whole and it's various components
The similarity of structure, phrasing, or part of speech is known as what?
parallelism
A __________________ summarizes your speech in a way that allows you to identify the result you're seeking.
specific purpose
Specific purpose
statement, indicating results
Chronological
the process or order
Know the basic components of the transactional model of communication
the speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and context.
What are proofs?
why someone should believe something
If you want your audience to sign up for the new program you just talked about, this would be considered which of the ABC goals?
Behavioral
what is a glossophobic?
People who go to great lengths to avoid public speaking in a group situation, and even experience physical symptoms when doing so
To avoid filler words "hiding in your head," a speaker must:
Rehearse out loud
By displaying all the elements of dynamism in a speech, a speaker must ask themselves:
"Am I willing to give it my all?
Saying, "He's happy and eager to go to work," instead of "He works with alacrity," is an example of the following quote:
"Don't use a five-dollar word when a fifty-cent word will do."
The sensory, verbal, and visual path for your message to reach someone else is known as what?
Channel
A speaker's clothing should fit the occasion but be ___% more formal than that worn by the audience.
25
What percentage of employers surveyed said that they consider communication skills to be essential?
98%
The Semantic Triangle represents the relationship between:
A concept, term, and object
What are the basic elements of a strong introduction
Attention getter Credible material Relevance to audience Preview of main points
What type of chart is good for showing comparisons between groups because it's easy to get to the point of the graphic quickly?
Bar chart
What is a speaking outline?
A written outline in which main points and subpoints are converted to short phrases or hints to jog your memory while you're speaking.
What are ABC goals acronym stand for?
Affective-feel Behavioral-do Cognitive-think
Problems with visual aids may include:
Allowing the visual aid to take over the presentation
Competency 1:
Chooses and narrows a topic appropriately for the audience and occasion
Which of the following is not one of the four goals of informative speaking?
Clarify
Competency 2:
Communicates the thesis(goal)/specific purpose in a manner appropriate to the audience and occasion
The quality of being seen as knowledgeable, believable, and trustworthy is known as:
Credibility
A mild or indirect substitution for a harsher word is known as a/an:
Euphemism
growth vs fixed mindset
Fixed mindset- sees challenges as permanent obstacles Growth mindset- sees challenges as temporary setbacks
If you give a speech about different types of lies, and then you discuss times that you've been lied to, what success strategy of informative speaking are you using?
Getting personal
Phrases that have non-literal meanings, often specific to a region or country, are known as:
Idioms
Facts
Information that can be verified.
Different types of Plagiarism
Intentional Unintentional
Verbal summaries at the end of a main point are known as:
Internal summaries
Faulty thinking, a trick or illusion, particularly, but not exclusively used by politicians or the media is known as a/an:
Logical fallacy
If a speaker uses quite a lot of data in their speech, which Aristotelian principle are they drawing upon?
Logos
The two to five primary ideas in your speech are known as:
Main points
A speaker using pathos needs to ride a fine line between how they use pity or sadness because this can also be seen as:
Manipulation
The term that describes the tendency of people to remember best what is said first and what is said last is:
Primacy-recency effect
April gave her speech on reducing cheating in online classes. She started out by discussing how widespread the issue is, and then she moved on to some ideas to fix it. April used what type of speech format?
Problem-solution
Visual aids have advantages in public speaking, such as:
Promoting faster understanding
Competency 3:
Provides appropriate supporting material based on audience and occasion
How does public speaking compare to conversation?
Public speaking is more planned and structured than conversation but the two form so communication share common characteristics
SCRAP Method and how to apply it to visual aids
S-Simplicity, use purposeful imagery, don't use too many words C-Contrast, light on dark, dark on light with font A-Alignment, balance, and intentional placement P-Proximity, how close everything is
Your goal in a speech conclusion is to keep which of the following S's in mind?
Simplify and summarize points
If you overwhelm your audience with too many points and too many solutions, they will wonder why you failed to:
Simplify your idea
When the author states that TED Talks are "true to themselves," what does this mean?
Speakers are authentic and real
A written outline in which main points and subpoints are converted to short phrases or hints to jog your memory while you're speaking is known as a/an:
Speaking outline
How how does mindmapping work?
Start by putting a key word or phrase in the middle of a blank piece of paper branch off from the key word with my own personal associations until I cannot any longer
What are the basic elements of a strong conclusion
Summary statement Audience response statement WOW statement
What is catastrophizing?
The tendency to imagine the worst scenario.
Why should you design each PowerPoint slide?
To avoid using a standard, outdated PowerPoint template
Methods of Speech Organization
Topical Chronological Spatial Cause-effect Problem-solution Compare-contrast Pro-con/advantages/disadvantages
Competency 5:
Uses language that is appropriate to the audience and occasion
Competency 8:
Uses physical behaviors that support the verbal message
Competency 6:
Uses vocal variety in rate, pitch, and intensity to heighten and maintain interest
Visualization and public speaking
Visualization or a calling up of mental images can be used to rehearse positive outcomes
If you are asked to give a speech to a car club because you are an expert in the type of car the members of club own, you are selected because of the _______ factor in speaking to inform.
Who
Which questions should you use when you are sorting through your ideas for a topic?
Which ideas best suit the audience, occasion, or assignment from your instructor or boss?
What is mind-mapping
a method of brainstorming that allows you to start with a central word or idea, then using that central idea to think of related ideas
If you are delivering an informative speech to discuss statistics about how many people are downloading e-books from the library, instead of checking out books, to ensure the success of your speech and credibility, your information must be __________.
accurate
An idea or feeling associated with a word, in addition to its actual meaning, is known as:
connotation
The capacity to be aware of, control, and express your emotions and be sensitive to the emotions of others is known as:
emotional intelligence
A system of laws and mores that guide what we should and shouldn't do is known as what?
ethics
Hans had been acting out in class quite a bit, but he wanted to be taken seriously when standing up in front of his audience. When Hans was joking it up before his speech day, he didn't realize he was compromising his _______.
ethos
Asking yourself, "Is there enough evidence to convince me of what the speaker is saying?" is known as the ____________ part of the listening process.
evaluating
Information that indicates whether a statement or idea is valid and true is known as:
evidence
According to experts, a general rule of thumb is that if your speech is five minutes, you would ideally spend how many hours preparing your speech?
five (5)
If you say to yourself, "I have never been comfortable speaking in front of an audience, and I doubt that is going to change now," this thinking is known as what?
fixed mindset
Zeroing in on something that you might have done wrong during your presentation is also known as:
peepholing
Speakers may have a difficult time maintaining momentum when the audience exhibits minimal _________________ feedback.
physical
Reasons to believe an argument, created by Aristotle, are known as what?
proofs
A __________________ summarizes your speech in a single infinitive phrase that tells the audience what your speech is intended to do.
purpose statement
If you have an engaging introduction, you have a strong chance of building _______________ with your audience.
rapport
The art of effective or persuasive speaking is known as:
rhetoric
When sound waves enter your ears and register in your brain, this is known as the ____________ part of the listening process.
sensing
General purpose
to inform, persuade, entertain
The Communication Anxiety Graph published in the Communication Education journal reports that anxiety levels are highest immediately before and during the first __________minutes of a presentation:
two (2)
If you think about the day of your speech and imagine yourself walking confidently up to the speaking area, then beginning your speech by connecting your eye contact with your audience, this is a strategy known as:
visualization