Oral Path Chapter 7

A basal cell carcinoma will _____ metastasize. a. never b. rarely c. often d. always

B. A basal cell carcinoma will rarely metastasize. It is a locally invasive tumor that can become quite large and disfiguring if it is not removed. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, and radiation therapy may be used to treat large lesions

A _____ is a benign proliferation of capillaries. a. hematoma b. hemangioma c. hamartoma d. lymphangioma

B. A hemangioma is a benign proliferation of capillaries. It is a common vascular lesion considered by many to represent a developmental lesion rather than a tumor because hemangiomas do not generally exhibit an unlimited growth potential.

A lipoma: a. is a tumor of peripheral nerve tissue. b. appears clinically as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium. c. is found most commonly intraorally on the tongue. d. occurs most often in men over 60.

B. A lipoma appears clinically as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium.

A _____ both invades and destroys surrounding tissue and has the ability to spread throughout the body. a. benign tumor b. malignant tumor c. hypertrophy d. hyperplasia

B. A malignant tumor both invades and destroys surrounding tissue and has the ability to spread throughout the body.

According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T2, N1, M0 would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis. a. less than 2; ipsilateral; no distant b. 2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant c. 2 to 4; contralateral; no distant d. 2 to 4; contralateral; distant

B. According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T2, N1, M0 would mean tumor 2 to 4 cm in diameter, ipsilateral palpable nodes, and no distant metastasis.

How does an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor differ from a dentigerous cyst on radiographs? a. It will not be associated with an impacted tooth. b. It extends beyond the cementoenamel junction and can involve 50% to 60% of the root. c. It will not form calcifications within the tumor, as does a dentigerous cyst. d. It will not form a well-circumscribed radiolucency.

B. An adenomatoid odontogenic tumor will extend beyond the cementoenamel junction and can involve 50% to 60% of the root.

Approximately _____% of leukoplakias examined microscopically demonstrate epithelial dysplasia. a. 1 to 2 b. 5 to 25 c. 50 to 60 d. 90

B. Approximately 5% to 25% of leukoplakias examined microscopically demonstrate epithelial dysplasia. When examined microscopically, a leukoplakia may show epithelial dysplasia, a premalignant condition, or even squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium.

As a general rule, a patient should be referred to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or dermatologist to have a biopsy performed on any nonhealing ulcer of the skin or lips that has been present for more than: a. twenty-four hours. b. ten days. c. three months. d. one year.

B. As a general rule, a patient should be referred to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon or dermatologist to have a biopsy performed on any nonhealing ulcer of the skin or lips that has been present for more than 10 days.

All of the following are common warning signs of malignant neoplasms except one. Which one is the exception? a. Leukoplakia b. Bleeding c. Erythroplakia d. Pigmentation

B. Bleeding is not a classic warning sign of malignancy.

Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors are most commonly located: a. on the labial and buccal mucosa. b. at the junction of the hard and soft palate. c. on the retromolar area. d. on the floor of the mouth.

B. Intraoral minor salivary gland tumors are most commonly located at the junction of the hard and soft palate. They can also occur on the labial and buccal mucosa, the retromolar area, the floor of the mouth, and rarely the tongue. Tumors of minor salivary gland origin are much more common in the upper lip than in the lower lip.

Malignant melanoma usually presents as a(n): a. slowly enlarging white mass. b. rapidly enlarging blue-to-black mass. c. slowly enlarging papule. d. exophytic, wartlike lesion.

B. Malignant melanoma usually presents as a rapidly enlarging blue-to-black mass. It is a very aggressive tumor that exhibits unpredictable behavior and early metastasis.

Which of the following choices represents characteristics of malignant tumors? a. Encapsulated b. Ability to spread to distant sites c. Benign d. Cells resemble normal cells

B. Malignant tumors have the ability to spread to distant sites. Cancer is synonymous with malignancy.

Multiple myeloma is a systemic, malignant proliferation of: a. red blood cells. b. plasma cells. c. eosinophils. d. basophils.

B. Multiple myeloma is a systemic, malignant proliferation of plasma cells. It causes destructive lesions in bone. Patients usually experience bone pain and swelling. Pathologic fracture of an involved bone is common and typically occurs in bones weakened as a result of their destruction by the proliferation of neoplastic plasma cells.

_____ means new growth. a. Metastasis b. Neoplasia c. Hypertrophy d. Hyperplasia

B. Neoplasia means new growth. It is a process in which cells exhibit uncontrolled proliferation. A neoplasm is a mass of such cells. Although the word tumor means swelling, it is commonly used as a synonym for neoplasm.

Only about _____% of patients with chondrosarcoma involving the jaws survive 5 years after the diagnosis. a. 10 b. 30 c. 50 d. 70

B. Only about 30% of patients with chondrosarcoma involving the jaws survive 5 years after the diagnosis. Chondrosarcomas are treated with wide surgical excision. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are not effective. The prognosis is poor.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to the lymph nodes of the neck. Common distant sites include: a. kidneys and spleen. b. lungs and liver. c. breast and lungs. d. liver and spleen.

B. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to the lymph nodes of the neck and then to more distant sites such as the lungs and liver.

The ameloblastic fibroma: a. occurs most often in adults over 50. b. occurs more commonly in males than females. c. is most commonly located in the mandibular anterior region. d. is most commonly located in the maxillary anterior region.

B. The ameloblastic fibroma occurs more commonly in males than in females. The most common location for an ameloblastic fibroma is the mandibular bicuspid and molar region, not the mandibular anterior region.

Which of the following tumors is an unencapsulated, infiltrating tumor composed of a combination of mucous cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells? a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma c. Monomorphic adenoma d. Pleomorphic adenoma

B. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma is an unencapsulated, infiltrating tumor composed of a combination of mucous cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells called epidermoid cells.

Which of the following choices is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor in children? a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma c. Monomorphic adenoma d. Pleomorphic adenoma

B. The mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor in children.

Which of the following statements about epithelial dysplasia is true? a. It is considered a malignant condition. b. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, cellular changes in epithelial dysplasia may revert to normal if the stimulus, such as tobacco smoking, is removed. c. It presents clinically as an erythematous lesion and not a white lesion (leukoplakia). d. Lesions often arise on the hard and soft palate.

B. Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, cellular changes in epithelial dysplasia may revert to normal if the stimulus, such as tobacco smoking, is removed.

A "sunburst" pattern is associated with: a. Kaposi sarcoma. b. osteoma. c. osteosarcoma. d. multiple myeloma.

C. A "sunburst" pattern is associated with osteosarcoma. It is a malignant tumor of bone-forming tissue. It is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in patients under 40 years of age. Patients may experience a diffuse swelling or mass that is often painful.

A benign tumor of salivary gland origin is called a(n): a. leiomyoma. b. lipoma. c. adenoma. d. papilloma.

C. A benign tumor of salivary gland origin is called an adenoma. Although some malignant salivary gland tumors are called adenocarcinomas, most have more specific names such as adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

A benign tumor of cartilage is called a(n): a. osteoma. b. lipoma. c. chondroma. d. carcinoma.

C. A chondroma is a benign tumor of cartilage.

A compound odontoma: a. consists of a mass of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp that does not resemble a normal tooth. b. usually occurs in the posterior mandible. c. appears on radiographs as a cluster of miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo. d. appears as a radiolucent mass surrounded by a thin radiopaque halo.

C. A compound odontoma appears on radiographs as a cluster of miniature teeth surrounded by a radiolucent halo.

This benign tumor of fat cells that clinically appears as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium is referred to as a: a. chondroma. b. rhabdomyosarcoma. c. lipoma. d. lymphoma.

C. A lipoma is a benign tumor of fat cells that clinically appears as a yellowish mass surfaced by a thin layer of epithelium.

A papilloma is a _____ tumor derived from _____ epithelium. a. benign; salivary gland b. malignant; squamous c. benign; squamous d. malignant; odontogenic

C. A papilloma is a benign tumor derived from squamous epithelium. Three different types of epithelial tumors occur in the oral cavity: tumors derived from squamous epithelium, tumors derived from salivary gland epithelium, and tumors derived from odontogenic epithelium.

According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T3, N0, M0 would mean tumor _____ cm in diameter, _____ palpable nodes, and _____ metastasis. a. less than ; ipsilateral; no distant b. is 2 to 4; ipsilateral; no distant c. greater than 4; no; no distant d. greater than 4; contralateral; distant

C. According to the TNM staging system for oral squamous carcinoma, T3, N0, M0 would mean the tumor is greater than 4 cm in diameter, no palpable nodes, and no distant metastasis.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is: a. more common in men than in women. b. most common in women of childbearing age. c. most commonly diagnosed in the fifth and sixth decades of life. d. most commonly diagnosed in children.

C. Adenoid cystic carcinoma is most commonly diagnosed in the fifth and sixth decades of life. It is more common in women than in men.

An ameloblastoma may appear as a _____ on radiographs. a. unilocular radiolucency b. multilocular opacity c. unilocular or multilocular radiolucency d. unilocular or multilocular radiopacity

C. An ameloblastoma may appear as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency on radiographs. The classic radiographic appearance of an ameloblastoma is a multilocular soap-bubble or honeycombed radiolucency. In smaller tumors the radiolucency may be unilocular.

An intraoral mucosal lesion that shows a mixture of red and white areas is generally called: a. erythroplakia. b. speckled erythroplakia. c. speckled leukoplakia. d. leukoplakia.

C. An intraoral mucosal lesion that shows a mixture of red and white areas is generally called speckled leukoplakia

Most cases of papilloma occur on the: a. hard palate. b. buccal mucosa. c. soft palate or tongue. d. retromolar area.

C. Most cases of papilloma occur on the soft palate or tongue. The papilloma is a benign tumor that presents as a small, exophytic, pedunculated or sessile growth. These tumors are composed of numerous papillary projections that may either be white or the color of normal mucosa. The more keratin, the whiter the lesion appears clinically.

Most cases of verrucous carcinoma occur in the _____ years old. a. posterior lateral border of the tongue of women over 40 b. floor of the mouth of women over 70 c. vestibule and buccal mucosa of men over 55 d. bone of the mandible of men over 20

C. Most cases of verrucous carcinoma occur in the vestibule and buccal mucosa of men over 55 years old.

The diagnosis of oral osteosarcoma is dependent on: a. clinical examination. b. palpation. c. radiographic interpretation. d. patient symptoms.

C. Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of bone-forming tissue and is diagnosed through the use of radiographs.

Osteosarcoma occurs more often in the _____ and more often in _____. a. maxilla; males b. maxilla; females c. mandible; males d. mandible; females

C. Osteosarcoma occurs more often in the mandible than the maxilla and more often in males than in females.

Patients who have undergone radiation therapy for malignant tumors of the head and neck often experience severe xerostomia as a result of radiation damage to _____ tissue. a. oral mucosa b. striated muscle c. salivary gland d. tooth

C. Patients who have undergone radiation therapy for malignant tumors of the head and neck often experience severe xerostomia as a result of radiation damage to salivary gland tissue. These patients require preventive dental care consisting of nutritional counseling, application of topical fluoride, and meticulous home care.

Which of the following statements about malignant melanoma is true? a. It has a benign counterpart known as the benign melanoma. b. Most malignant melanomas arise on the skin as a result of prolonged exposure to chemicals such as benzene. c. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare. d. The most common intraoral location is the tongue.

C. Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare.

Which of the following tumors occurs most frequently in the anterior part of the jaws? a. Ameloblastoma b. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor c. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor d. Odontogenic myxoma

C. Seventy percent of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors involve the anterior part of the jaws. In contrast, 80% of ameloblastomas arise in the mandible, most often in the molar and ramus area.

Severe epithelial dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium is called: a. anaplasia. b. squamous cell carcinoma. c. carcinoma in situ. d. metastasis.

C. Severe epithelial dysplasia involving the full thickness of the epithelium is called carcinoma in situ.

Which of the following salivary gland tumors has a "Swiss cheese" appearance under the microscope? a. Pleomorphic adenoma b. Monomorphic adenoma c. Adenoid cystic carcinoma d. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

C. The adenoid cystic carcinoma has a "Swiss cheese" appearance under the microscope. These round and oval islands represent cylinders of tumor

The adenoid cystic carcinoma is: a. a benign tumor of salivary gland origin. b. well encapsulated and does not infiltrate surrounding tissue. c. most commonly seen intraorally on the palate. d. painless.

C. The adenoid cystic carcinoma is most commonly seen intraorally on the palate.

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor features ductlike structures that: a. resemble those found in major salivary glands. b. resemble those found in minor salivary glands. c. are actually ameloblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement. d. are actually odontoblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement.

C. The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor features ductlike structures that are actually ameloblast-like cells that resemble ducts because of their circular arrangement. Eosinophilic material is seen in the center of these structures, and calcifications also form in this tumor.

Which of the following tumors will most closely resemble an ameloblastoma with ameloblast-like epithelial cells surrounding areas that resemble stellate reticulum? a. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor b. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor c. Calcifying odontogenic cyst d. Odontogenic myxoma

C. The epithelium of the calcifying odontogenic cyst resembles that seen in an ameloblastoma, consisting of ameloblast-like cells and stellate reticulum-like areas.

The majority of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors occur in _____ years of age. a. females over 40 b. males over 40 c. females under 20 d. males under 20

C. The majority (70%) of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors occur in females under 20 years of age. The maxilla is more commonly involved than the mandible. Many adenomatoid odontogenic tumors are associated with impacted teeth.

The most common intraoral location for a neurofibroma is the: a. floor of the mouth. b. vestibule. c. tongue. d. tonsillar pillar.

C. The most common intraoral location for a neurofibroma is the tongue. Microscopic examination of a neurofibroma reveals a fairly well-delineated but unencapsulated proliferation of spindle-shaped Schwann cells and perineural fibroblasts.

The most common intraoral location for the pleomorphic adenoma is the: a. parotid gland. b. submandibular gland. c. palate. d. floor of the mouth.

C. The most common intraoral location for the pleomorphic adenoma is the palate. The most common extraoral location is the parotid gland. However, these tumors can occur wherever salivary gland tissue is present.

The most common location for an intraoral lymphoma is the: a. floor of the mouth. b. posterior lateral border of the tongue. c. tonsillar area. d. vestibule.

C. The most common location for an intraoral lymphoma is the tonsillar area. Rarely, a lymphoma may present as a primary lesion in the oral soft tissues or bone. Most lymphomas involve either lymph nodes or aggregates of lymphoid tissue that are located in the digestive tract from the oral cavity to the anus.

The most frequent intraoral site for metastatic tumors of the jaws is the: a. nares. b. maxilla. c. mandible. d. zygoma.

C. The most frequent intraoral site for metastatic tumors of the jaws is the mandible.

Which of the following statements is true of the odontogenic myxoma? a. It occurs most often in people over 50. b. It exhibits a unilocular radiolucency with well-defined margins. c. The tumor may become quite large and cause displacement of teeth. d. Most cases arise in the posterior maxilla.

C. The odontogenic myxoma may become quite large and cause displacement of teeth.

Which of the following choices is the most common salivary gland neoplasm? a. Adenoid cystic carcinoma b. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma c. Pleomorphic adenoma d. Monomorphic adenoma

C. The pleomorphic adenoma is the most common salivary gland neoplasm. It accounts for about 90% of all benign salivary gland tumors.

Which of the following statements about erythroplakia is true? a. Most cases of erythroplakia occur on the buccal mucosa and vestibule. b. Erythroplakia is more common than leukoplakia. c. When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma. d. Erythroplakia is considered a less serious clinical finding than leukoplakia.

C. When examined microscopically, 90% of cases of erythroplakia demonstrate epithelial dysplasia or squamous cell carcinoma

A rhabdomyosarcoma is a _____ tumor of _____ muscle. a. benign; smooth b. malignant; smooth c. benign; striated d. malignant; striated

D. A rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor of striated muscle. It is the most common malignant soft tissue tumor of the head and neck in children.

The name of this benign tumor that is slow growing but locally aggressive and derived in association with an impacted tooth and dentigerous cyst is: a. calcifying odontogenic cyst. b. odontogenic myxoma. c. compound odontoma. d. ameloblastoma.

D. Ameloblastomas are slow growing but locally aggressive and can be associated with an impacted tooth and dentigerous cyst.

Anaplastic means the tumor: a. is composed of cells that vary in size and shape. b. has cells with darker nuclei than those of normal cells. c. has cells that exhibit an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio. d. does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.

D. Anaplastic means the tumor does not resemble the tissue from which it was derived.

Basal cell carcinoma is a _____ tumor that _____ in the oral cavity. a. benign; occurs b. malignant; occurs c. benign; does not occur d. malignant; does not occur

D. Basal cell carcinoma is a malignant tumor that does not occur in the oral cavity. It is associated with excessive exposure to the sun. It frequently arises on the skin of the face and appears as a nonhealing ulcer with characteristic rolled borders.

Bence Jones proteins are associated with: a. osteosarcoma. b. leukemia. c. lymphoma. d. multiple myeloma.

D. Bence Jones proteins are associated with multiple myeloma.

Which of the following statements about hemangiomas is true? a. The gingiva is the most common intraoral location. b. They are more common in boys than in girls. c. They appear as variably sized, deep red or blue lesions that do not blanch when pressure is applied. d. They may occur in adults as a response to trauma and represent an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during the healing process.

D. Hemangiomas may occur in adults as a response to trauma and represent an abnormal proliferation of blood vessels during the healing process.

Idiopathic leukoplakia: a. is a malignant lesion of the oral mucosa. b. can be rubbed off with gauze squares. c. is caused by direct irritation, as in tobacco pouch keratosis. d. does not have a specific known cause.

D. Idiopathic leukoplakia does not have a specific known cause.

Most ameloblastomas are located in the: a. anterior maxilla. b. posterior maxilla. c. anterior mandible. d. posterior mandible.

D. Most ameloblastomas are located in the posterior mandible. Eighty percent of all ameloblastomas arise in the mandible, most often in the molar or ramus area.

Sarcomas are _____ common than carcinomas. a. ten times more b. three times more c. three times less d. ten times less

D. Sarcomas are about 10 times less common than carcinomas. Sarcomas are malignant tumors of connective tissue, and carcinomas are malignant tumors of connective tissue.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to the: a. spleen. b. lungs. c. liver. d. lymph nodes.

D. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral epithelium usually metastasizes first to the lymph nodes of the neck. From there, it proceeds to more distant sites such as the lungs and liver.

Squamous cell carcinomas on the vermilion border of the lips and skin of the face are: a. associated with lack of exposure to the sun and vitamin D deficiency. b. more common in individuals with dark skin. c. associated with a poorer prognosis than that for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa. d. associated with color changes of the vermilion border from dark pink and uniform to mottled grayish pink.

D. Squamous cell carcinomas on the vermilion border of the lips and skin of the face are associated with color changes of the vermilion border from dark pink and uniform to mottled grayish-pink.

The Warthin tumor: a. is a unique type of pleomorphic adenoma. b. presents as a painless, soft mass, usually in the sublingual gland. c. often develops bilaterally in adult women. d. contains sheets of lymphocytes that surround the cystic structures.

D. The Warthin tumor contains sheets of lymphocytes that surround the cystic structures. In some cases the lymphoid component demonstrates germinal center formation. This tumor presents as a painless, soft, compressible or fluctuant mass, usually located in the parotid gland. It often develops bilaterally and occurs predominantly in adult men

The ameloblastoma: a. occurs exclusively in the mandible. b. is a benign, encapsulated tumor. c. is commonly known as a Pindborg tumor. d. may cause expansion of bone.

D. The ameloblastoma may cause expansion of bone. It is a benign, slow-growing but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic tumor that may arise in either the maxilla or mandible.

A benign cementoblastoma has all of the following radiographic characteristics except one. Which one is the exception? a. Well circumscribed b. Radiopaque c. Attached to root d. Multilocular

D. The benign cementoblastoma does not appear as multilocular on a radiograph.

The multiple myeloma is a benign proliferation of plasma cells that produce large amounts of immunoglobulin. Patients usually experience bone pain and swelling. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true.

D. The first statement is false; the second is true. Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of plasma cells.

The benign oral pathologic lesion that occurs frequently in the head and neck area and is classified as capillary or cavernous is referred to as a(n): a. hematoma. b. lipoma. c. adenoma. d. hemangioma.

D. The hemangioma is a benign proliferation of capillaries containing numerous small capillaries called capillary hemangiomas or, if containing larger blood vessels, cavernous hemangiomas.

The distinction between dangerous and innocuous leukoplakia is best determined by the: a. clinical appearance of the lesion. b. identification of predisposing factors. c. patient's previous experience. d. biopsy of the lesion.

D. The microscopic appearance of leukoplakia varies; therefore, a biopsy is essential to establish a definitive diagnosis between dangerous and innocuous leukoplakia.

The _____ is a unique type of monomorphic adenoma. a. verrucous carcinoma b. mucoepidermoid carcinoma c. cylindroma d. papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

D. The papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum is a unique type of monomorphic adenoma. Microscopic examination of this variant demonstrates an encapsulated tumor composed of two types of tissue: epithelial and lymphoid. The epithelial component is neoplastic.

The peripheral ossifying fibroma is most likely derived from: a. ameloblasts. b. odontoblasts. c. osteoblasts. d. cells of the periodontal ligament.

D. The peripheral ossifying fibroma is most likely derived from cells of the periodontal ligament. It is more common in females than in males and often occurs in young individuals.

The pleomorphic adenoma: a. is a malignant tumor. b. appears clinically as a painful dome-shaped mass. c. occurs most often in children. d. appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass.

D. The pleomorphic adenoma appears as a slowly enlarging, nonulcerated, painless, dome-shaped mass.

Which of the following choices is not regarded as an initiating factor in the development of oral cancer? a. Cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking b. Snuff dipping and tobacco chewing c. Consumption of alcohol d. Chronic irritation

D. There is no evidence that chronic irritation is an initiating factor in the development of oral cancer.

When a mucoepidermoid carcinoma arises within bone, it will usually be in the _____ region. a. maxillary anterior b. maxillary posterior c. mandibular anterior d. mandibular posterior

D. When a mucoepidermoid carcinoma arises within bone, it will usually be in the mandibular posterior region. In this location, it appears either as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency.

"Keratin pearls" are a characteristic feature of: a. squamous cell carcinoma. b. basal cell carcinoma. c. pleomorphic adenoma. d. monomorphic adenoma.

A. "Keratin pearls" are a characteristic feature of squamous cell carcinoma. Well-differentiated tumors show keratin formation because keratin is a product of squamous epithelium. The neoplastic cells contain large hyperchromatic nuclei and numerous mitotic figures. Some of the mitotic figures appear normal, whereas others are bizarre.

Which of the following is a common characteristic of benign neoplasms? a. Inability to spread to distant sites b. Nonencapsulated c. Undifferentiated and pleomorphic d. No resemblance to surrounding cells

A. A benign neoplasm does not have the ability to spread to distant sites.

A benign tumor of bone is called a(n): a. osteoma. b. osteogenic sarcoma. c. chondroma. d. carcinoma.

A. A benign tumor of bone is called an osteoma. The prefix of the name of a tumor is determined by the tissue or cell of origin. The suffix -oma is used to indicate a tumor.

Acute leukemia is characterized by a proliferation of _____ cells. a. immature white blood b. mature white blood c. immature plasma d. mature plasma

A. Acute leukemia is characterized by a proliferation of immature white blood cells. It is most common in children and young adults. Leukemia occurs more often in males than in females.

All of the following carcinomas are malignant tumors that originate from squamous epithelium except one. Which one is the exception? a. Adenoid cystic b. Basal cell c. Verrucous d. Squamous cell

A. Adenoid cystic carcinoma originates from either major or minor salivary gland tissue

Epithelial dysplasia is a microscopy-based diagnosis; it indicates disordered growth and is considered a premalignant condition. a. Both statements are true. b. Both statements are false. c. The first statement is true; the second is false. d. The first statement is false; the second is true

A. Both statements are true. Epithelial dysplasia is a microscopic diagnosis that indicates disordered growth and is considered a premalignant condition.

Ghost cells are characteristic of which of the following lesions? a. Calcifying odontogenic cyst b. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor c. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor d. Ameloblastoma

A. Ghost cells are characteristic of the calcifying odontogenic cyst. These cells exhibit a clear central area and are thought to represent degenerating epithelial cells.

Kaposi sarcoma is: a. caused by a human herpesvirus. b. seen only in association with HIV infection. c. most often seen intraorally on the tongue. d. a malignant striated muscle tumor.

A. Kaposi sarcoma is caused by a human herpesvirus (HHV) that is called both human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSAH).

The granular cell tumor: a. most often occurs on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa. b. appears as a painful, ulcerated nodule. c. occurs most commonly in children. d. occurs most often in men.

A. The granular cell tumor most often occurs on the tongue followed by the buccal mucosa. It most likely arises from a neural or primitive mesenchymal cell.

A common location of the oral neurofibroma is the: a. tongue. b. palate. c. gingiva. d. buccal mucosa.

A. The tongue is the most common location of the oral neurofibroma.

Verrucous carcinoma: a. has a better prognosis than other forms of squamous cell carcinomas. b. appears clinically as a quick-growing exophytic tumor with a pebbly white surface. c. is characterized by poorly differentiated epithelium with atypical cells. d. shows invasion of tumor cells through the basement membrane.

A. Verrucous carcinoma has a better prognosis than other forms of squamous cell carcinomas.

A(n) _____ is composed of islands and sheets of polyhedral epithelial cells with deposits of amyloid-like material that is thought to represent a form of abnormal enamel protein. a. adenomatoid odontogenic tumor b. calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor c. ameloblastoma d. mucoepidermoid carcinoma

B. A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor is composed of islands and sheets of polyhedral epithelial cells with deposits of amyloid-like material that is thought to represent a form of abnormal enamel protein

A central mucoepidermoid carcinoma is derived from either salivary gland tissue trapped within bone or: a. a periapical abscess surrounding the apex of a nonvital tooth. b. the transformed epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst. c. a lateral periodontal cyst. d. an incisive canal cyst.

B. A central mucoepidermoid carcinoma is derived from either salivary gland tissue trapped within bone or the transformed epithelial lining of a dentigerous cyst.