PT Level II Multiple Choice (76 Q's)

Penetrant residues may become entrapped under splines, fasteners, rivets, etc. Which of the following is the most likely reaction caused by such residue? a) Corrosion caused by the moisture attracted by such residues b) Paint stripping c) Fatigue cracking d) Lattice structure breakdown

a) Corrosion caused by the moisture attracted by such residues

The pentrant indication for a cold shut on the surface of a casting will be a: a) Dotted or smooth continuous line b) Cluster of small indications c) Rough deep indications d) Large bulbous indications

a) Dotted or smooth continuous line

Prior to the pentrant testing of a previously machined soft metal part, which of the cleaning methods listed below would best remove any smeared metal that could mask discontinuities? a) Etching b) Shot peening c) Alkaline cleaning d) Water cleaning with detergent

a) Etching

Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a service induced discontinuity? a) Fatigue crack b) Porosity c) Machining tear d) Lap

a) Fatigue crack

The term "non-relevant indication" is used to describe certain types of penetration testing indications. Which of he following would be a typical "non-relevant indication?" a) Indications due to part geometry or part design configuration b) Non-magnetic indications c) Multiple indications d) Non-linear indications

a) Indications due to part geometry or part design configuration

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled plate? a) Lamination b) Shrinkage c) Lack of fusion d) Undercut

a) Lamination

The part is an aluminum forging. Description- The indication is sharp, half moon shaped, not deep, and is called a: a) Lap b) Center line porosity c) Heat-treat crack d) False indication

a) Lap

When penetrant testing for shallow discontinuities using post- emulsification penetrant, the emulsification time should be long enough to: a) Mix the emulsifier with the excess surface penetrant only b) Mix the emulsifier with all the penetrants on the surface & in discontinuities c) Mix the emulsifier with penetrant in the discontinuities d) Allow the emulsifier to dry out to a white powder

a) Mix the emulsifier with the excess surface penetrant only

Which of the following methods for applying non-aqueous developer is normally considered the most effective? a) Spraying b) Swabbing c) Brushing d) Dipping

a) Spraying

Which of the following is the best reason why the inspector should avoid applying emulsifier with a brush? a) The brushing action mixes the emulsifier with the penetrant prematurely & irregularly , making accurate control of the emulsification time impossible b) Brushing does not always completely coat the part difficult to wash c) Brushing in itself is not harmful, but many types of brush materials combine with the emulsifier agents resulting in penetrant & part contamination d) Brushing results in a streaking appearance during inspection

a) The brushing action mixes the emulsifier with the penetrant prematurely & irregularly , making accurate control of the emulsification time impossible

Which of the statements below best states the danger of using sand blasting for cleaning surfaces to be penetrant tested? a) The discontinuities may be closed b) Oil contaminants might be sealed in the discontinuities c) The sand used in the sand blasting operation may be forced into the discontinues d) The sand blasting operation may introduce discontinues in the part

a) The discontinuities may be closed

Which of the items listed below is a disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant test method? a) The method can find all types of discontinuities b) The method is simple in principle & relatively easy to understand c) The method is essentially simple in application d) There are few limitations on the size & shape of the article that can be treated by this method

a) The method can find all types of discontinuities

Which factor would apply in determining the dwell time required for the penetrant to be effective a) Type of discontinuity sought b) Shape of part c) Size of part d) Surface roughness

a) Type of discontinuity sought

Of the methods listed below, the most effective means of pre-cleaning a test item prior to a penetrant test is: a) Vapor degreasing b) Detergent cleaning c) Steam cleaning d) Solvent wiping

a) Vapor degreasing

An important difference between non water- washable penetrants & water-washable penetrants is that: a) Water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifier while non- water-washable penetrants do not b)The viscosity of the two penetrants is different c) The color of the two penetrants is different d) non-water washable penetrants are more easily removed than water- washable penetrants

a) Water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifier while non- water-washable penetrants do not

A crack type discontinuities will generally appear as: a) A round indication b) A continuous line, either straight or jagged c) A straight, single solid line d) Random round or elongated holes

b) A continuous line, either straight or jagged

The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily related to the: a) Viscosity of the penetrant b) Capillary forces c) Chemical inertness of the penetrant d) Specific gravity of the penetrant

b) Capillary forces

In the absence of a written acceptance criteria, rejection or acceptance of parts should be based on the: a) Inspector's education b) Design of the part & its intended application c) Appropriate penetrant standard d) Selection of the penetrant

b) Design of the part & its intended application

Which materials should be avoided in the penetrant system when testing titanium alloys? a) Carbon or oil b) Halogenated solvents c) Emulsifier or oil d) Fluorescent agents

b) Halogenated solvents

the part is an aluminum casting. Description- The casting has a very complex design. In one section, there is a flat area having a thickness of 0.13" In the center of this area is a round section, 2" thick and 1" in diameter. There are linear indications about one-half the distance around the base where it joins into the thin section. The indication is termed: a) Dross b) Hot tears c) Micro-shrinkage d) Porosity

b) Hot tears

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled plate stock? a) Shrinkage cracks b) Inclusions c) Forging Laps d) Blow Holes

b) Inclusions

Which of the following types of discontinuities cannot be detected by the liquid penetrant test method? a) Surface lamination b) Internal forging bursts c) Surface cracks d) Surface laps

b) Internal forging bursts

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a welded fabrication? a) Shrinkage b) Lack of fusion c) Seams D) Laps

b) Lack of fusion

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging? a) Shrinkage crack b) Lap c) Hot tear d) Lamination

b) Lap

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging? a) Shrinkage cracks b) Laps c) Cold shuts d) Insufficient penetration

b) Laps

The prime purpose of the black light for fluorescent penetrant inspection is to: a) Magnify indications b) Make the indication visible c) Develop indications d) Speed up inspection

b) Make the indication visible

When conducting a penetrant test, Spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indicative of: a) Fatigue cracking b) Porosity c) Weld laps d) Hot tears

b) Porosity

Developer assists in the detection of the visible dye penetrant test indications by: a) Providing a clean surface b) Providing a contrasting background c) Providing a dry surface d) Emulsifying the penetrant bleed-out

b) Providing a contrasting background

The function of the emulsifier in the post- emulsification penetrant method is to: a) More rapidly drive the penetrant into deep, tight cracks b) React with the surface penetrants to make the penetrants water-washable c) Add fluorescent dye or pigment to the penetrant d) Provide a coating to which dry powder developer can adhere

b) React with the surface penetrants to make the penetrants water-washable

Dry developer should be applied: a) So that a heavy coat of developer covers all surfaces b) So that a light dusting covers all surfaces to be inspected c) With a dry paint brush d) By dipping

b) So that a light dusting covers all surfaces to be inspected

Aluminum alloy test specimens that have been tested by the liquid penetrant method should be thoroughly cleaned after testing because: a) The acid in the penetrant may cause severe corrosion b) The alkaline content of wet developer & most emulsifiers could result in surface pitting, particularly in moist atmospheres c) The toxic residue from the test will severely inhibit the application of paint on aluminum alloys d) A chemical reaction between the penetrant & aluminum could cause a fire because of internal combustion

b) The alkaline content of wet developer & most emulsifiers could result in surface pitting, particularly in moist atmospheres

Developing time depends on: a) The type of penetrant used b) The type of developer used & type of discontinuity to be detected c) The temperature of the material being tested d) All of the above

b) The type of developer used & type of discontinuity to be detected

Which of the following is an advantage of fluorescent penetrants over visible type penetrants? a) The inspection can be carried out in a well lighted area b)Small indications are more easily seen c) They can be used where contact with water is objectionable d) Less sensitive to contamination of discontinuities

b)Small indications are more easily seen

Fluorescent materials used in fluorescent penetrants respond most actively to radiant energy with a wavelength of approximately: a) 700nm b) 250kv c) 365nm d) 1klx (100ftc)

c) 365nm

Which of the following reasons best describes why excessive drying of a part should be avoided? a) The extra time required is wasted b) The developer may lose its blotting ability c) A reduction in resolution may result d) The excess developer may be difficult to remove

c) A reduction in resolution may result

Shrinkage cracks are usually found in what areas of a casting? a) Thin sections b) Heavy sections only c) Abrupt changes in thickness d) No loner a problem

c) Abrupt changes in thickness

Developer assists in the detection of penetrants retained in discontinuities by aiding the: a) Post-cleaning process b) Emulsification process c) Bleed-out process d) Drying process

c) Bleed-out process

A commonly used method of checking on the overall performance of a penetrant material system is by: a) Determining the viscosity of the pentrant b) Measuring the wet ability of the penetrant c) Comparing two sections of artificially cracked specimens d) All of the above

c) Comparing two sections of artificially cracked specimens

When using post-emulsification penetrants, difficulties incurred during the washing operation can be overcome by: a) Reapplying a coating of emulsifier b) Increasing the water pressure used during the washing operation c) Completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on & by using a longer emulsifier time d) Dipping the part in boiling water

c) Completely reprocessing the part from surface preparation on & by using a longer emulsifier time

Which of the following statements concerning contaminating materials on the surface of a penetrant test specimen is false? a) Contaminants may be of a composition that attacks the penetrant & reduces the fluorescent or color of the penetrant b) Contaminants may be of such a nature that they reduce or even prevent capillary action by the penetrant c) Contaminants may retain the penetrant & thus increase the sensitivity of the inspection d) Contaminants may completely fill the crack & thus prevent the entry of penetrants.

c) Contaminants may retain the penetrant & thus increase the sensitivity of the inspection

The penetrants indication of a forging lap will normally be a: a) Round or nearly round indication b) Cluster of indication c) Continuous line d) Dotted line

c) Continuous line

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock? a) Blow hole b) Shrinkage lap c) Crack or seam d) Lack of penetration

c) Crack or seam

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock? a) Blow Holes b) Shrinkage laps c) Cracks or seams d) Insufficient penetration

c) Cracks or seams

Emulsifier time: a) Is important but not normally critical b) Is the time needed to rinse the emulsifier & excess penetrant from the surface c) Is extremely important & will greatly affect test results d) Should be as long as economically practical

c) Is extremely important & will greatly affect test results

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in rolled bar stock? a) Shrinkage b) Bleed-out c) Laps d) Undercut

c) Laps

Which of the statements concerning the operation of the black light bulbs of the mercury arc type is false? a) The bulb takes about 5 minutes to warm up to its full output when first turned on b) The lamp may go out if the line voltage drops below 90v c) Line voltage variations above 120v will have little or no effect on the bulb? d) If for any reason the arc is extinguished, the bulb will not immediately respond if the lamp is turned on right after it has been turned off

c) Line voltage variations above 120v will have little or no effect on the bulb?

Which of the following types of discontinuities could be classified as a primary processing discontinuities often found in cast material? a) Fatigue crack b) Stress-corrosion crack c) Porosity d) Lack of penetration

c) Porosity

Why is it advisable to have a black light installed at the wash station? a) So inspection can be done without drying parts b) To speed the bleeding of penetrant out of defects c) To check the effectiveness of the wash cycle d) To determine if parts have been covered with penetrants

c) To check the effectiveness of the wash cycle

The emulsifier is used: a) To wash the penetrant out of discontinuities b) As an aid in washing off the surface of parts when using either the water or soil soluble penetrants c) To emulsify the oil-soluble penetrant, thereby making it water washable d) To pre-clean parts before applying penetrant

c) To emulsify the oil-soluble penetrant, thereby making it water washable

Which of the following is most likely to render the post-emulsification test ineffective? a) Too long of a penetrant time b) Too long of a developing time c) Too long of an emulsifying time d) None of the above

c) Too long of an emulsifying time

The speed with which a penetrant penetrates a surface flaw is influenced to the greatest extent by which of the following properties? a) Density b) Surface tension & Wetting ability c) Viscosity d) Relative weight

c) Viscosity

The part is a 0.5" thick aluminum plate with a Vee weld. Description- The indication appears in an area that is somewhat dish-shaped. The indication extends out from the center in a spoke formation. The indication is: a) Shrinkage b) Non-relevant c) A quench crack d) A crater crack

d) A crater crack

Why is the drying process used in penetrant testing? a)The drying process is used to assure that all excess penetrant will evaporate b) The drying process assures the uniform drying of dry developer applied over a wet emulsifier c) the drying process reduces penetration time d) After the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer coating

d) After the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer coating

Which of the following characteristics are normally considered when selecting the type of penetrant to be used in a penetrant test? a) Removal characteristics of the penetrants b) The flash point of the penetrants c) The cost of the penetrants d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following contaminants could affect the sensitivity of a penetrant? a) Acid b) Water c) Salts d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen? a) Penetrant on the test table b) Penetrant on the hands of the inspector c) Contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following is/are typical of foreign matter which might block the openings of discontinuities if the surface of a test specimen is not properly cleaned? a) Paint b) Scale c) Core & mold material d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the test part characteristics listed below are normally considered before the specific liquid penetrant test method is selected? a) The kind & size of discontinuities most likely to occur b) The intended application for the part c) The surface finish of the part d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following practices should be avoided when performing a penetrant test? a) Applying emulsifier by dipping the part in emulsifier b) Applying developer by spraying the part with developer c) Removal of water-washable penetrant with a water spray d) Applying emulsifier with a brush

d) Applying emulsifier with a brush

A continuous linear indication can be caused by which of the following discontinuities? a) Porosity b) Slag inclusion c) Pitting d) Cracks

d) Cracks

When using a fluorescent, post-emulsifiable penetrant, the length of time the emulsifier is allowed to remain on the part is critical when detecting shallow scratch-like discontinuities. The best length of time should be: a) 10 Seconds b) 5 Seconds c) 2-3 Seconds d) Determined by experimentation

d) Determined by experimentation

Water-washable liquid penetrants differ from post-emulsification penetrants in that water- washable penetrants: a) Can only be used on aluminum test specimens b) Need not be removed from surfaces prior to development c) Have a soapy base d) Do not need the application of an emulsifier before rinsing

d) Do not need the application of an emulsifier before rinsing

Developing powder should always be: a) Highly fluorescent b) Applied wet c) Colorless d) Evenly applied

d) Evenly applied

Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as a finishing processing discontinuity? a) Fatigue crack b) Stress-corrosion crack c) Lamination d) Heat-treat crack

d) Heat-treat crack

Penetrant developer is commonly available in all of the following forms except: a) Dry developer b) Non-aqueous developer c) Wet developer d) High viscosity developer

d) High viscosity developer

All of the following methods are recommended to remove grease from the surface of penetrant test specimen except: a) Vapor degreasing b) Alkaline Cleaner c) Cleaning with solvent-type materials d) Hot water rinse

d) Hot water rinse

Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications? a) Excessive washing b) Inadequate application of developer c) Penetrant or part too cold during penetration time d) Lint or dirt

d) Lint or dirt

Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makes a material a good penetrant? a) Viscosity b) Surface tension c) Wetting ability d) No one single property determines if a material will or will not be a good penetrant

d) No one single property determines if a material will or will not be a good penetrant

Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over fluorescent penetrants? a) Small indications are more easily seen b) They can be used on anodized & chromates surfaces c) They make less background on rough surfaces d) No special lighting is required

d) No special lighting is required

Which of the following discontinues would be impossible to detect using liquid penetrate test? a) A forging lap b) A crater crack c) Grinding cracks d) Non-metallic internal inclusion

d) Non-metallic internal inclusion

When improper processing causes inspection difficulties, what should the inspector do? a) Swab parts with solvent b) Use correct bleed-back procedures c) Erase non-relevant fluorescent d) Reprocess the part

d) Reprocess the part

Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in sand castings? a) Incomplete penetration b) Undercut c) Pipe d) Shrinkage

d) Shrinkage

Which of the statements below applies to the liquid penetrant method of testing? a) The penetrant test method is less flexible than the eddy current test method b) The penetrant test method is less reliable than the magnetic particle method for finding surface defects in ferromagnetic materials c) The penetrant test method will not detect fatigue cracks d) The penetrant test method is more reliable than radiographic testing when attempting to detect minute surface discontinuities

d) The penetrant test method is more reliable than radiographic testing when attempting to detect minute surface discontinuities

Which of the following is an advantage of solvent wipe methods over water washing? a) No special lighting is necessary during inspection b) They provide a quicker penetration of small opening c) Small indications are more easily seen d) They can easily be carried out in the field & to remote areas

d) They can easily be carried out in the field & to remote areas

When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible dye penetrant, there are several ways to remove excess penetrant from the surface of the part. Which of the methods listed below is generally regarded as most suitable for giving accurate test results? a) Squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 40 psi pressure b) Wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth c) Wiping with solvent dampened cloth, then wiping with dry cloth d) Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, & finally wiping with dry cloth

d) Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, & finally wiping with dry cloth

When viewing parts, fluorescent background may indicate: a) Poor washing b) Insufficient emulsifying time (post-emulsification method) c) Porous material & coating d) Improper cleaning before penetrant cycle e) All of the above

e) All of the above