Organic chemistry (chapter 22 & 23)
Amino acids
Any compound that contains an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxylate group (-COOH) in the same molecule
Aromatic hydrocarbons
Any organic compounds containing a benzene ring
Steroisomers
Atoms of the same molecular structure that differ only in the arrangement of the atoms in space (they are mirror images)
Alkenes formula
CnH2n
Alkanes formula
CnH2n+2
Alkynes formula
CnH2n-2
Ethers
Compounds in which oxygen is bonded to two carbon groups
Cyclic hydrocarbons
Compounds that contain a hydrocarbon ring
Structural isomers
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures
Carboxylic acids
Compounds with a carboxyl group (carbonyl group is attached to a hydroxyl group)
Carbonyl group
Consists of a carbon atom and oxygen atom joined by a double bond (C=O)
Esters
Derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the -OH of the carboxyl group has been replaced by an -OR from an alcohol
Alphatic compounds
Hydrocarbon compounds that do not contain a ring
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons containing double bonds somewhere in the main chain
Alkynes
Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds somewhere in the main chain
Polymers
Molecules with repeating subunits called monomers
Aldehydes
Organic compounds in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is always joined to one hydrogen (RCHO)
Ketones
Organic compounds in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is joined to two other carbons (RCOR)
Hydrocarbons
Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen
Geometric isomers
Structures that differ in geometry
Hydroxyl group
The -OH functional group in alcohols
Alkanes
The simplest hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds
Peptide bond
When amino acids are bonded together
Trans configuration
When the substituted groups are on opposite sides of the double bond
Cis configuration
When the substituted groups are on the same side as the double bond
Proteins
A peptide with more than 100 amino acids
Functional groups
A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions
Addition reactions
A substance is added at the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne
Substitution reactions
A common type of organic reaction in which an atom or group of atoms replaces another atom or group of atoms
