Organic chemistry (chapter 22 & 23)

Amino acids

Any compound that contains an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxylate group (-COOH) in the same molecule

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Any organic compounds containing a benzene ring

Steroisomers

Atoms of the same molecular structure that differ only in the arrangement of the atoms in space (they are mirror images)

Alkenes formula

CnH2n

Alkanes formula

CnH2n+2

Alkynes formula

CnH2n-2

Ethers

Compounds in which oxygen is bonded to two carbon groups

Cyclic hydrocarbons

Compounds that contain a hydrocarbon ring

Structural isomers

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures

Carboxylic acids

Compounds with a carboxyl group (carbonyl group is attached to a hydroxyl group)

Carbonyl group

Consists of a carbon atom and oxygen atom joined by a double bond (C=O)

Esters

Derivatives of carboxylic acids in which the -OH of the carboxyl group has been replaced by an -OR from an alcohol

Alphatic compounds

Hydrocarbon compounds that do not contain a ring

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons containing double bonds somewhere in the main chain

Alkynes

Hydrocarbons containing triple bonds somewhere in the main chain

Polymers

Molecules with repeating subunits called monomers

Aldehydes

Organic compounds in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is always joined to one hydrogen (RCHO)

Ketones

Organic compounds in which the carbon of the carbonyl group is joined to two other carbons (RCOR)

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen

Geometric isomers

Structures that differ in geometry

Hydroxyl group

The -OH functional group in alcohols

Alkanes

The simplest hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds

Peptide bond

When amino acids are bonded together

Trans configuration

When the substituted groups are on opposite sides of the double bond

Cis configuration

When the substituted groups are on the same side as the double bond

Proteins

A peptide with more than 100 amino acids

Functional groups

A specific arrangement of atoms in an organic compound that is capable of characteristic chemical reactions

Addition reactions

A substance is added at the double or triple bond of an alkene or alkyne

Substitution reactions

A common type of organic reaction in which an atom or group of atoms replaces another atom or group of atoms