pharm 341 exam 1
Pain and/or distention in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen would most likely involve:
Hepatitis
which cell type is least differentiated or most pluripotent in the epidermis?
basal cell
correct order of layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial
basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
by reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps maintain
body temperature homeostasis
which tissues contain sarcomeres that are viewed as "striations" through the microscope
cardiac and skeletal
Cell proliferation functions according to the cell cycle that contains:
check points that trigger apoptosis when proliferation is abnormal as a defense against cancer
which cell type would be found in the lacunae of hyaline cartilage ?
chondrocyte
A pluripotent stem cell will NOT have
contraction, self determination, conductance, or terminal differentiation
Once a drug is ingested for absorption in the intestines, it would mostly pass through what type of gut epithelium ?
simple columnar
what type of epithelium does the kidney utilize for reabsorption of electrolytes though the tubules?
simple cuboidal
Filtration by the glomerulus of the kidney occurs through what type of epithelium ?
simple squamous
the layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
stratum basale
the term "stratum germinativum" is sometime used to refer to the
stratum basale
amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the __________ plane
transverse
when the arrector pili muscles contract
"goose bumps" form on the skin
Four adult basic tissue types
1. nervous 2. muscular 3. connective 4. epithelial
The difference between the gestational age and fertilization age of a fetus would be:
2 weeks
a fetus at 9 weeks of development would be about how large?
5 millimeters
What does A.D.M.E. in pharmacokinetics reger to?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination
Pluripotency in an adult stem cell suggests that they can be transplanted from one tissue to another resulting in:
An ability to regenerate, renew or repair the host tissue
Activity A involves: Treatment with Vancomycin, strep or staph, a break in the skin, predisposition in diabetics, high unexplained fevers, skin sores or rash that starts suddenly -grows quickly, progression to endocarditis in extreme case. Activity A is?
Cellulitis
Sorting of cells into the correct tissue rudiments based on differential cell adhesion is accomplished specific expression of:
CAM's
What are the 4 basic adult histological tissue types
Connective Muscle Nervous Epithelial
The "drug action phenotype" for an individual would be genetically determined by polymorphisms in the genes coding for :
Cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzymes in pharmacokinetics and receptors that bind drugs in pharmacodynamics
processing of RNA into mRNA results in removal of
Introns
Pleuracy involves tremendous discomfort from an inflamed serous membrane that lines the :
Lungs
Loss of properly regulated cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and migration combined with escape from apoptosis and immune surveillance in breast mammary epithelium would be best characterized as a tissue that is:
Malignant, metastatic carcinoma
Which would represent drug targets for pharmacotherapy in a feedback loop?
Receptor tyrosine kinases Nuclear receptors Hormones
Homeostasis for replacement, repair and renewal of tissues in adults continues to utilize which development components?
Stem cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis
Which of the following properly describes the anatomical relationship between the elbow and wrist?
The wrist is distal to the elbow and the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
Which molecules bind enhancers in DNA to regulate the "where and when" of the differential gene expression?
Transcription factors
which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light
Vitamin D
Which is true of the umbilicus ?
a. It is superficial to the peritoneum. b. It is on the ventral surface of the body. c. It is on the anterior surface of the body. d. It is located at the midline
Entry and exit from the cell is often regulated by:
a. cyclins b. cyclin-dependent kinases c. growth factors d. cytokines
Apoptosis defined as programmed cell death, functions in:
a. embryonic development b.cancer prevention c. tissue remodeling, replacement and renewal
Cell migration functions in which of the following developmental or homeostatic processes:
a. formation of developmental fields b. extravasation of white blood cells from circulation into tissues during inflammation and tissue RRR c. Gastrulation d Development of the peripheral nervous system
Extensive differential gene expression would be found between cells and tissues that are undergoing:
a. gastrulation b. hematopoiesis c. renewal of epidermis d. morphogensis
A maternally inherited polymorphism in a child from a slow metabolizing mother may result in :
a. inheritance of a trait that is different than the paternal genome b. inheritance of an allele that is different from the paternal genome c. A slow metabolizing phenotype d. A slow metabolizing genotype
if you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s) was/were cut
a. stratum corneum b. stratum basale c. dermis d. hypodermis
cardiac and skeletal muscle are striated because
a. they appear that way under the microscope b. they contain sarcomeres as their basic unit of contraction
Exposure of a embryo to retinoid such as Accutane could cause
a. toxicity based defects in pattern formation b. abnormal cell migration c. atypical cell differentiation d. defects in tissue remodeling
sweat glands
aid in cooling the body
A tendon would have mostly which of the following type of connective tissue
dense regular
which is an inflammatory condition of the skin
dermatitis
epidermis relies on which type of cell adhesion connections for strength and durability
desmosomes
the best definition of cell differentiation is
differential gene expression
The difference in the cellular phenotype between a neuron and a cardiac myocyte are mostly determined by
differentially expressed genes between the 2 cell types
on coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from
dilation of the blood vessels in the epidermis of the cheeks
The plaque that forms in coronary arteries during atherosclerosis to cause intimal thickening and blockage of blood flow forms between the smooth muscle medial layer and the :
endothelium
a specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels is referred to as
endothelium
Organization of the human body from small molecules to macromolecules is often accomplished by
enzymes
keratinocytes would be derived from which embryonic tissue
epidermal ectoderm
what is synonymous with the cuticle
eponychium
the segment of a chromosome/gene that includes sequential nucleotides comprising the codons for specific amino acids is referred to as an
exon
Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule,. What is not used to determine if a mole is cancerous ?
freckles
what cells types predominate nervous tissue
gila and neurons
which component of nervous tissue would contain the soma that serve to originate action potentials
grey matter
visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with
gross anatomy
the microvilli on the apical surface of gut epithelium serve to
increase surface area for absorption
the activity of the apocrine sweat glands
leads to body odor
The adventitial layer of a blood vessel is mostly made of which connective tissue
loose (areolar)
which type of skin cancer is most deadly
melanoma
The developmental process for organizing cells into tissues is called
morphogenesis
Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut bled, but did not penetrate to the hypodermis. The deepest layer penetrated was the
papillary layer of the dermis
according to our biological structure/function hierarchy. A tissue is best defined as a group of cells that
perform a similar function
What 2 fundamental pharmacological processes contribute most to the net efficacy of a drug?
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
respiratory epithelium is
pseudostratified columnar epithelium, all the cell touch the basement membrane, and is derived from the endoderm
the integumentary system
regulates body temperature
In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector
reverses the original stimulus
the amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the
rule of nines
A stem cell is defined by which property?
self-renewal
Embryonic stem cells are derived from
the inner cell mass
which is true of the cells that make insulin
they are subject to autoimmune attack in diabetes
Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to UV light but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiancy. A possible explanation is
they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals