pharm 341 exam 1

Pain and/or distention in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen would most likely involve:

Hepatitis

which cell type is least differentiated or most pluripotent in the epidermis?

basal cell

correct order of layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

by reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps maintain

body temperature homeostasis

which tissues contain sarcomeres that are viewed as "striations" through the microscope

cardiac and skeletal

Cell proliferation functions according to the cell cycle that contains:

check points that trigger apoptosis when proliferation is abnormal as a defense against cancer

which cell type would be found in the lacunae of hyaline cartilage ?

chondrocyte

A pluripotent stem cell will NOT have

contraction, self determination, conductance, or terminal differentiation

Once a drug is ingested for absorption in the intestines, it would mostly pass through what type of gut epithelium ?

simple columnar

what type of epithelium does the kidney utilize for reabsorption of electrolytes though the tubules?

simple cuboidal

Filtration by the glomerulus of the kidney occurs through what type of epithelium ?

simple squamous

the layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the

stratum basale

the term "stratum germinativum" is sometime used to refer to the

stratum basale

amputation of a foot at the ankle would involve a cut in the __________ plane

transverse

when the arrector pili muscles contract

"goose bumps" form on the skin

Four adult basic tissue types

1. nervous 2. muscular 3. connective 4. epithelial

The difference between the gestational age and fertilization age of a fetus would be:

2 weeks

a fetus at 9 weeks of development would be about how large?

5 millimeters

What does A.D.M.E. in pharmacokinetics reger to?

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

Pluripotency in an adult stem cell suggests that they can be transplanted from one tissue to another resulting in:

An ability to regenerate, renew or repair the host tissue

Activity A involves: Treatment with Vancomycin, strep or staph, a break in the skin, predisposition in diabetics, high unexplained fevers, skin sores or rash that starts suddenly -grows quickly, progression to endocarditis in extreme case. Activity A is?

Cellulitis

Sorting of cells into the correct tissue rudiments based on differential cell adhesion is accomplished specific expression of:

CAM's

What are the 4 basic adult histological tissue types

Connective Muscle Nervous Epithelial

The "drug action phenotype" for an individual would be genetically determined by polymorphisms in the genes coding for :

Cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzymes in pharmacokinetics and receptors that bind drugs in pharmacodynamics

processing of RNA into mRNA results in removal of

Introns

Pleuracy involves tremendous discomfort from an inflamed serous membrane that lines the :

Lungs

Loss of properly regulated cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and migration combined with escape from apoptosis and immune surveillance in breast mammary epithelium would be best characterized as a tissue that is:

Malignant, metastatic carcinoma

Which would represent drug targets for pharmacotherapy in a feedback loop?

Receptor tyrosine kinases Nuclear receptors Hormones

Homeostasis for replacement, repair and renewal of tissues in adults continues to utilize which development components?

Stem cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis

Which of the following properly describes the anatomical relationship between the elbow and wrist?

The wrist is distal to the elbow and the elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Which molecules bind enhancers in DNA to regulate the "where and when" of the differential gene expression?

Transcription factors

which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light

Vitamin D

Which is true of the umbilicus ?

a. It is superficial to the peritoneum. b. It is on the ventral surface of the body. c. It is on the anterior surface of the body. d. It is located at the midline

Entry and exit from the cell is often regulated by:

a. cyclins b. cyclin-dependent kinases c. growth factors d. cytokines

Apoptosis defined as programmed cell death, functions in:

a. embryonic development b.cancer prevention c. tissue remodeling, replacement and renewal

Cell migration functions in which of the following developmental or homeostatic processes:

a. formation of developmental fields b. extravasation of white blood cells from circulation into tissues during inflammation and tissue RRR c. Gastrulation d Development of the peripheral nervous system

Extensive differential gene expression would be found between cells and tissues that are undergoing:

a. gastrulation b. hematopoiesis c. renewal of epidermis d. morphogensis

A maternally inherited polymorphism in a child from a slow metabolizing mother may result in :

a. inheritance of a trait that is different than the paternal genome b. inheritance of an allele that is different from the paternal genome c. A slow metabolizing phenotype d. A slow metabolizing genotype

if you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s) was/were cut

a. stratum corneum b. stratum basale c. dermis d. hypodermis

cardiac and skeletal muscle are striated because

a. they appear that way under the microscope b. they contain sarcomeres as their basic unit of contraction

Exposure of a embryo to retinoid such as Accutane could cause

a. toxicity based defects in pattern formation b. abnormal cell migration c. atypical cell differentiation d. defects in tissue remodeling

sweat glands

aid in cooling the body

A tendon would have mostly which of the following type of connective tissue

dense regular

which is an inflammatory condition of the skin

dermatitis

epidermis relies on which type of cell adhesion connections for strength and durability

desmosomes

the best definition of cell differentiation is

differential gene expression

The difference in the cellular phenotype between a neuron and a cardiac myocyte are mostly determined by

differentially expressed genes between the 2 cell types

on coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from

dilation of the blood vessels in the epidermis of the cheeks

The plaque that forms in coronary arteries during atherosclerosis to cause intimal thickening and blockage of blood flow forms between the smooth muscle medial layer and the :

endothelium

a specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels is referred to as

endothelium

Organization of the human body from small molecules to macromolecules is often accomplished by

enzymes

keratinocytes would be derived from which embryonic tissue

epidermal ectoderm

what is synonymous with the cuticle

eponychium

the segment of a chromosome/gene that includes sequential nucleotides comprising the codons for specific amino acids is referred to as an

exon

Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule,. What is not used to determine if a mole is cancerous ?

freckles

what cells types predominate nervous tissue

gila and neurons

which component of nervous tissue would contain the soma that serve to originate action potentials

grey matter

visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with

gross anatomy

the microvilli on the apical surface of gut epithelium serve to

increase surface area for absorption

the activity of the apocrine sweat glands

leads to body odor

The adventitial layer of a blood vessel is mostly made of which connective tissue

loose (areolar)

which type of skin cancer is most deadly

melanoma

The developmental process for organizing cells into tissues is called

morphogenesis

Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut bled, but did not penetrate to the hypodermis. The deepest layer penetrated was the

papillary layer of the dermis

according to our biological structure/function hierarchy. A tissue is best defined as a group of cells that

perform a similar function

What 2 fundamental pharmacological processes contribute most to the net efficacy of a drug?

pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

respiratory epithelium is

pseudostratified columnar epithelium, all the cell touch the basement membrane, and is derived from the endoderm

the integumentary system

regulates body temperature

In a negative feedback mechanism, the response of the effector

reverses the original stimulus

the amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the

rule of nines

A stem cell is defined by which property?

self-renewal

Embryonic stem cells are derived from

the inner cell mass

which is true of the cells that make insulin

they are subject to autoimmune attack in diabetes

Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to UV light but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiancy. A possible explanation is

they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals