Organic Compounds and Molecules Mix and Match Game
Nucleic Acids
- Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine - The building blocks of this group are units called nucleotides. - DNA and RNA belong to this group. - These molecules store and transmit genetic information. - Strong bonds called disulfide bridges help this molecule maintain a particular shape - Composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. - Molecules that contain coded information and directions for the activates in a cell belong to this group. - Composed of sugars, phosphates and nitrogen bases. - The function of this molecule is determined by its shape. - Contains nitrogenous bases: Ringed structures that contain carbon and nitrogen. - This is the most abundant organic compound in living systems. - These molecules are put together by the ribosomes in the cell. - Bonds called glyosidic linkages hold the subunits together. - Purines and pyrimidines belong to this group - These molecules are not true polymers since they are not big enough to be macromolecules. - Molecules that contain coded information and directions for the activities in a cell belong to this group
Carbohydrates
- Glucose, fructose, ribose and lactose belong to this group. - The building blocks of this group are sugar molecules. - Sugars, starches, and cellulose belong to this group - C6 H12 O6 - Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are always present is a 1:2:1 ratio. (CH2 O) - Glucose, fructose, ribose and lactose belong to this group. - This group contains molecules that are the principal source of energy in all living things. - This group contains monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. - Starch and glycogen are storage forms of this type of compound. - Chitin and cellulose are structural forms of this type of compound. - Cellulose from this group is the strengthening tissues found in the cell walls of plants. - Chitin from this group is found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.
Lipids
- The building blocks of this group are fatty acids and glycerol molecules. - Fats, oil and waxes belong to this group. - One of two groups of organic compounds that are composed only of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. - The only elements are Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen and they are not in a 1:2:1 ratio. - Contains compounds that are highly hydrophobic. - Provide a good source of insulation for the body. - Used to cushion and protect the internal organs. - Molecules that make membranes insoluble in water are found in this group. - May be used as waterproofing on fruits, leaves, fur and feathers. - Contains molecules that are nonpolar and are not soluble in water. - Triglycerides belong to this group. - Cholesterol - Steroids - These compounds may exist in saturated or unsaturated forms. - These molecules contain twice the energy as found in carbohydrate molecules. - Hormones that serve as chemical messengers belong to this group. - Too many of these molecules in the diet may cause clogging of the blood vessels.
Proteins
- The building blocks of this group are units called nucleotides. - These compounds have a very long carbon skeleton with a carboxyl group (‐COOH) at one end. - The building blocks of this group are amino acids. - The subunits are held together by peptide bonds. - Transport molecules such as hemoglobin belong to this group. - 20 different subunits can be put together in various ways to form these molecules. - These molecules have a primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. - A macromolecule that is folded and coiled into a specific conformation or shape so that it can carry out its function. - These molecules are components found in membranes that provide channels through which other molecules can travel - Composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur - Antibodies that fight infections are found in this group. - Subunits are composed of a carbon atom bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a single hydrogen atom, and an R group - Contractile molecules like those found in muscles belong to this group