organization and management exam 2
GM's decision to continue to manage eight brands, despite flagging sales and customer loss, is most strongly an example of ________.
perpetuating the status quo
____ is a system whereby managers and employees define goals for every department, project, and person and use them to monitor subsequent performance
management by objectives
The horizontal linkage model is particularly useful when _____ is critical.
speed
Making decisions and taking actions to achieve a superior fit between the organization and its environment is
strategic management
The most effective tactic for implementing change in this situation would be:
top management support and communication
administrative model
B -condition of uncertainty -limited information about alternatives and their outcomes -satisfying choice for resolving problems using intuition
The bottom-up approach is to the _____ strategy as horizontal coordination mechanisms are to the _____ strategy.
exploration;cooperation
Kyle prefers to base decisions on lots of data, both objective data from information systems and qualitative data from people.
conceptual style
In the context of Porter's competitive strategies, which of the following is an organizational characteristic typically associated with differentiation?
it involves awarding employee innovation
Which of the following would not be a way for Justin to overcome this bias?
submit a proposal to upper management to purchase the competitor's store down the block
In the context of competitive advantage, when an organization's parts interact to produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the parts acting alone, it is referred to as _____.
synergy
Which of the following goals applies primarily to middle management?
tactical goals
Organizational development focuses on the _____ aspects of an organization.
human and social
In which stage of organizational development do people become aware of problems?
unfreezing
according to this force-field analysis, change ____ occur
will not
political model
C -condition of uncertainty and ambiguity -inconsistent viewpoints; ambiguous information -bargaining and discussion among coalition members
Groupon may have felt _____ when it repeatedly missed goals for revenues and profits, negotiated less favorable deals with merchants, and saw a sharp drop in share price.
a need for change
Boeing's decision to build the 707 after World War II would be considered a _______.
nonprogrammer decision
A company that actively tries to become more efficient is likely to be pursing a cost leadership strategy
true
Quinn is a high-level manager with Juiciest Juices brand juice drinks. The company wants to introduce their product to the Italian market. Their preference is to use mainly local Italian crops to produce the juice. This will help boost the Italian economy, along with benefitting their advertising plan. However, there is doubt that a specific variety of berry will grow well in Italy. Quinn has taken it upon herself to sample native berries and has found one with a similar flavor profile that could work as a replacement. What kind of planning is Quinn demonstrating?
contingency planning
______ is not just for technology companies. Haemonetics, a blood management solutions company, purchased Hemerus Medical which gave Haemonetics access to innovative blood collection and storage techniques.
innovation of acquisition
When the administrative and political models of decision making are said to be descriptive, this means:
the model defines how people actually make decisions, under less than ideal conditions
Justin is in charge of the central region, with several dozen stores reporting to him. Last year, he analyzed sales data for demographically comparable areas and decided that Greenville would be the perfect location for a store. Since the store's opening, it has had 40% less sales than stores of similar size. On the other hand, the convenience store down the block seems to be very popular. Justin believes that if the store were larger, it could stock more merchandise and then more people would shop there. He wants to build an expensive addition onto the store.
justifying past decision
Julio used ____ when he set goals, developed action plans, reviewed progress and took corrective action as needed, and appraised performance
management by objective
which of the following is not an assumption of the classical model of decision making?
managers will use intuition rather than rational analysis to make sound decisions when information is incomplete
Teri owns and operates an award-winning bakery and is always looking for new ideas to develop. She uses social media to ask her customers what new products and services they would like to see. Teri is using _____.
open innovation
what does it mean to think strategically?
to take the long-term view and see the big picture, including the organization and the competitive environment, and consider how they fit together
A ___ specifies the way in which an outcome will be achieved and can include the actions to be taken, the resources to be used, and the time frame for an accomplishment
plan
Which of the following is the first step in the managerial decision-making process?
recognition of a decision requirement
The CEO of AA Ads just came to you and said, "It's time for us to go digital. What should I do first?" According to force-field analysis, you should tell the CEO to:
restructure the agency
The large-group model of organizational development _____.
seeks information from the organization and the environment
management by objective
setting a goal developing an action plan reviewing progress appraising performance
1. A broad statement of where an organization wants to be in the future and pertains to the organization as a whole, rather than to specific divisions or departments, is referred to as ____
strategic goals
Ron the general manager of a chain of fitness accessories gave his employees the task of creating a breakthrough fitness device. This task was challenging yet clear, and it motivated his employees to iinnovate. This is most likely an example of a
stretch goal
David, a middle-level manager in a graphic design firm, presents a detailed estimate of his team's budget and the approximate number of resources required for the next year. In this scenario, David has most likely contributed to developing the company's ___
tactical plan
If a wholesaler has a better just in time inventory management system than other firms in its industry, this company enjoys
a core competence
Cassie likes to make decisions after considering many alternatives and looking at as much objective data as possible.
analytic style
____ refers to what sets an organization apart from others and provides it with a distinctive edge for meeting customer or client needs in the marketplace
competitive advantage
In _____ innovation, innovations in products or services end up completely replacing existing products or service technologies.
disruptive
By the time I start my next contract, 3 of my unlicensed electricians will be licensed
goal
The most likely cause of resistance to change in this situation is:
lack of trust between employees and management
In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, the _____ is a poor performer that has only a small share of a slow-growth market.
dog
A financial adviser hosts a blog where he invites other personal finance experts to guest-blog on everything from real estate to estate taxes to tax write-offs. The variety of advice increases the site's search engine optimization (SEO) and attracts many more potential clients for all the participating financial professionals.
build synergy
1. Victoria is a top executive working with the managers in the major divisions of a multinational corporation to develop their own goals. This is most likely an example of
decentralized planning
Kia, a top-level manager in a software firm, is allocating the company's resources to meet the organization's long-term goals. She is also defining the organization's activities for the next 5 years. In this scenario, kia is most likely contributing to developing the company's ____
strategic plan
to energize employees and inspire excellence an organization may set ____ which are reasonable yet highly ambitious
stretch goals
According to your text, the biggest obstacle to organizational change is _____.
fear of personal loss
Which of the following factors would lead an ad agency to change in this situation?
-the loss of traditional advertising outlets -customers expecting highly interactive advertising
in an effort to justify a prior decision, managers may be prone to ____ in which they put good money after bad. it is important to avoid this tendency by being willing ____ when the evidence shows it is failing
-escalating commitment -to end a project
managers who use evidence based decision making rely on ___ rather than on ____
-facts -rules of thumb
which of the following statements is consistent with evidence-based decision making?
-managers make better decisions when they review their past failures and successes -evidence-based decision making uses opinions and intuition to provide a rationale for decisions
Which of the following would likely result from implementing the horizontal linkage model?
-new products will incorporate most or all of the relevant information, such as the latest research on dyslexia, to make them successful in the market -new ideas will be generate by lower-level employees as they interact with people in other departments and people outside the organization -new products will be brought to market more quickly and efficiently, lowering costs and making this company a market leader
following are several actions managers commonly take when confronted with turnover. which of these actions are not supported by evidence? check all that apply
-when talking with job applicants , discuss only the best parts of the job -separate employees so that they don't talk about the people who have left the company
Which of the following is a difference between the classical model of decision making and the administrative model of decision making?
The classical model defines how managers should make decisions, whereas the administrative model defines how managers actually make decisions.
The following chart gives you an overview of the tactics for overcoming resistance to change. Fill in the missing labels.
a. communication, education users need accurate information and analysis to understand change change is technical b.participation design requires information from others users have power to resist users need to feel involved -negotiation group has power over implementation group will lose out in the change c. coercion initiators clearly have power other implementation techniques have failed a crisis exists d.top management support change involves multiple departments or reallocation of resources users doubt legitimacy of change
Effective managers ____ their dominant decision style to avoid making mistakes.
are aware of
Tom tends to consider the personal development of others when making decisions.
behavioral style
Anastasia, a regional manager, started a project three years ago while riding high on the success of several other projects that had earned her a name within the company and accelerated her career path. Using her early successes as free rein to move forward with some risky decisions, she found after three years that her decisions were not paying off and the project was in jeopardy. Which of the following biases does Anastasia exhibit in this scenario?
being influenced by initial impressions
Dean owns a bakery that creates customized cakes for business events and weddings. When he faced a problem with the execution of the design for a wedding cake, he assembled his team members in a room, explained the problem to them, and asked them to spontaneously suggest ways to resolve the problem. Dean was surprised by the number of innovative solutions he received from his team members. In the given scenario, Dean used a technique called _____.
brainstorming
n In 2017, Amazon acquired Whole Foods. Amazon managers believed that the acquisition would give them a wider range of customers and it would allow them to sell food products that had not previously been available on Amazon. Together, the two companies should be able to sell more than the two individual companies could have sold. Amazon's acquisition created a competitive advantage through
building synergy
In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, the _____ exists in a mature, slow-growth industry but is a dominant business in the industry, with a large market share.
cash cow
Playyonic is a gaming console manufacturer that manufactures compact high-end gaming devices. None of playyonic's competitors have been able to meet its standard. This is most likely an example of Playyonic's ____
core competence
If a company is to respond successfully to change, it must be able to _____ and _____, which is known as the _____ approach.
create ideas; implement ideas; ambidextrous
Alyson is an employee at Who'd of Thunk It Games, a company that was just purchased by a competitor. The goals set forth by the new management team are extremely ambitious and are placing seemingly insurmountable goals for the employees. Alyson and some other employees have resorted to stealing some ideas from another company and passing them off as their own. Which best describes how the company's approach is affecting the employees?
creating too much pressure
n At a company located in California, the management team engages in ___ to develop detailed plans in case of a devastating earthquake
crisis planning
The governor of a coal-producing state ordered the state Department of Environmental Protection to switch its focus from enforcing environmental regulations to helping companies comply with environmental regulations. What type of change is this best described as?
culture change
Amanda, the CEO of a company, knows that constructive conflict can help bring problems to the forefront and develop innovative solutions for them. When she faced the conflict of whether or not to merge with a rival company, she brought the issue to the notice of a select group of employees and encouraged them to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the merger. She assigned Steve, the vice president of the company, the task of challenging each and every assumption and assertion made by the group. In the given scenario, Steve played the role of a _____.
devil's advocate
More and more work has been moved into Katie's job, and she has kept up with the workload. During her last two performance evaluations, her manager said she deserved to be in a higher pay grade because her responsibilities had grown, but her manager never followed through. Now another position has been eliminated, and her manager is giving Katie most of that person's work. Katie has decided to give her new tasks a very low priority.
distrust
Applewood Seed Co. of Colorado has fifty years of experience growing and supplying native wildflowers, grasses, and herbs to seed distributors, landscapers, golf courses, state highway departments, parks departments, government agencies, garden centers, mining companies, hydroseeders, and reclamation companies. Applewood has both an in-depth horticultural knowledge of native plants and the ability to supply in bulk.
exploit core competencies
A company has strong _____ if it continuously seeks new ideas from customers and from looks for ways to use new technologies.
external coordination
Differentiation strategies increase competition because they reduce customer loyalty
false
Allison, a manager, must make decisions about a problem she is facing in her current project. She has identified the decision requirement and has analyzed the causes of the problem. Which of the following actions should she take next?
generate possible alternative solutions to the problem
two months from now, I will have 15 licensed electricians working for me
goal
A(n) _____ is an organizational program that provides a safe harbor where employees can generate and develop ideas without interference.
idea incubator
Which of the following is an assumption underlying the political model of decision making?
it assumes that decisions are the result of bargaining and discussion among coalition members
An organization's ____ is at the top of its goal hierarchy
mission statement
A major advantage of the Six Thinking Hats technique is that _____.
negative views do not overwhelm creativity
A(n) _____ is a unit separate from the rest of the organization that is responsible for developing and initiating a major innovation
new-venture team
LEGO is well-known for embracing in its product development. The company partnered with software developers and engineers at MIT to develop their MindStorms product.
open innovation
Raj, a lower-level manager at a content writing firm, instructed his subordinate to complete 12 articles by the end of the week. This is most likely an example of a(n) ____
operational goal
Goals that are precise and measurable and carried out by departments, work groups, and individuals are called
operational goals
Typically set by frontline managers, ____ are the precise, measurable outcomes expected from departments, work groups, and individuals.
operational goals
When Google created its China-based search engine www.google.cn, they did not foresee eventually abandoning it because of censorship issues with the Chinese government. Google created www.google.cn because country-based search engines, such as France-based www.google.fr and Greece-based www.google.gr, had been profitable for the company in the past. Which of the following biases could have been in effect when Google made the initial decision to launch www.google.cn?
perpetuating the status quo
I'll recruit people in an international brotherhood of electrical workers apprentice ship program since they will be more likely to have the skills they need to get their license
plan
In a food manufacturing company, the decision to reorder raw materials when inventories drop to a certain level is an example of a(n) _____.
programmed decision
Hannah has invested in a business unit in a new and rapidly growing industry that has a small market share. In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, Hannah has most likely invested in a _____.
question mark
In which stage of organizational development do individuals acquire new attitudes or values and get rewarded for them by the organization?
refreezing
Javier is the manager at a software company. His team has been tasked with finding a solution for some annoying bugs found in their new spreadsheet software. Javier knows that there is an elegant solution, but the time and effort it will take to implement would push back the software release significantly, so he works with his team to come up with a faster, less elegant solution that can be implemented in time for the software to be released on schedule. What type of decision is Javier making?
satisficing
you and your coworkers are very hungry and have decided to go out to lunch. you engage in _____ by going to the first restaurant no one objects to
satisficing
When managers look at current trends, visualize the future and think about what could be, rather than looking only at history and thinking about what has been, they are most likely using ____
scenario building
Last week, a gift shop's employees heard their longtime store manager announce that she is leaving. Now they've read an announcement on the bulletin board that a manager of a store in another state, whom they know nothing about, will be their new manager. They are wondering whether the new manager will be as respectful, empowering, and fun as their old manager.
self-interest
first and foremost, goals need to be
specific and measurable
Drybar, which started in Brentwood, California, in 2010, is a hair salon catering entirely to people with curly or frizzy hair who want their hair straightened. No cuts, perms, or coloring happen here. The store now has over 40 locations
target costumers
Emmanuel, a manager, takes a deep interest in the personal development of his team members. Therefore, whenever a problem arises, he talks to them one on one, understands their feelings about the problem, and considers the impact of a particular decision on them. Which of the following decision styles does Emmanuel use?
the behavioral style
Reema is the manager of a high end restaurant. She likes to gather a broad amount of information, discuss the problems and potential solutions with her staff and other managers, and come up with creative ways to solve problems that keep her restaurant on the cutting edge of the food service industry. Which of the following decision styles does Reema use?
the conceptual style
A company that creates a distinctive product is likely to use a differentiation strategy
true
Force-field analysis suggests that _____.
when restraining forces are removed, driving forces will produce change
As a manager, you have been asked to work with your employees to develop goals. What can you expect from this process? Check all that apply.
-A benefit of goals is that they help motivate employees -When deciding whether goals and plans will be beneficial, managers should consider whether the environment is more stable or dynamic -Provide a source of motivation and commitment -Guide resource allocation - Be a guide to action -set a standard of performance
Imagine that the American Red Cross Board of Governors sets a goal of increasing online donations by 15 percent year over year for the next three years. They view this goal as very challenging but achievable. Why might the organization's leaders set such an ambitious goal? Check all that apply.
-Highly ambitious goals can inspire employees and volunteers -To meet goals well beyond what has been accomplished before, members of the organization often find creative and innovative ways to do things
classical model
A -condition of certainty -full information about alternatives and their outcomes -rational choice by individual for maximizing outcomes
In some years, weather patterns have caused there to be few fish in local lakes, and anglers have gone elsewhere. Also, invasive carp are threatening the lakes and may someday cause fish stocks to drop indefinitely. How should these facts impact Dave and Betsy's planning?
They should develop a contingency plan in case few anglers book rooms.
Which of the following is a difference between programmed decisions and nonprogrammed decisions?
Unlike programmed decisions, nonprogrammed decisions concern the types of skills required to fill certain jobs.
Managers conduct ______ when they consider the problems and opportunities that drive change and the factors that restrain change.
a force-field analysis
