Organizational Management Chapter 9
Monoculture
A culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs is called a monoculture
Job Description
A job description is a clear and concise summary of the specific tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a particular position in an organization.
Job specification
A job specification outlines the knowledge, skills, education, physical abilities, and other characteristics needed to perform a specific job adequately.
Stereotype
A rigid, exaggerated, irrational belief associated with a particular group of people is called a stereotype
Exit interview
An exit interview is an interview conducted with departing employees to determine why they are leaving the company.
Internship
An internship is an arrangement where by an intern, usually a high school or college student, exchanges free or low-cost labor for the opportunity to explore whether a particular career is appealing or to gain valuable work experience in a particular field.
Acqui-hiring
Buying an early-state start-up company (and ususally shutting it down) in order to obtain the creative talent.
Diversity
Decades ago, many companies defined diversity in terms of race, gender, age, lifestyle, and disability. That focus helped create awareness, change mindsets, and create new opportunities for many. Today, companies are embracing a more inclusive definition of diversity that recognizes a spectrum of differences that influence how employees approach work, interact with each other, derive satisfaction from their work, and define who they are as people in the workplace.
Discrimination
Discrimination occurs when hiring and promotion decisionsare made based on criteria that are not job-relevant; for example, refusing to hire a black applicant for a job he is qualified to fill and paying a woman a lower wage than a man for the same work are discrinatory acts.
Diversity Of perspective
Diversity of perspective is achieved when a manager creates a heterogeneous team made up of individuals with diverse backgrounds and skill sets. By tapping into the strengths of diversity, teams are more likely to experience the following: high efficiency, better quality, less duplication of effort amon g team members, and increased innovation and creativity.
Downsizing
Downsizing is a planned reduction in the size of a workforce.
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own group is inherently superior to other groups.
Ethnorelativism
Ethnorelativism is the belief that groups and subcultures are inherently equal.
human resourcxe managment
Human resource management (HRM) refers to the design and application of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals
Human resource planning
Human resource planning refers to the forecasting of human resource needs and the projected matching of individuals with anticipated job vacancies
on-the-job training (OJT)
In on-the-job training (OJT), an experienced employee is asked to take a new employee under his or her wing and show the newcomer how to perform job duties.
Selection
In the selection process, employers assess applicants' characteristics in an attempt to determine the fit between the job and applicant characteristics.
Job analysis
Job analysis is a systematic process of gathering and interpreting information about the essential duties, tasks and responsibilities of a job, as well as about the context within which the job is performed.
Work Sample tests
Managers may administer work sample tests to applicants for frontline positions to evaluate their performance in completing simulated tasks that are a part of the job.
Managing diversity
Managing diversity, a key management skill in today's global economy, means creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organized or group performance are maximized, which the potential disadvantages are minimized.
Realisitc job preview (RJP)
Mangers use realistic job previews in recruiting to give applicants all pertinent and realistic information, both positive and negative, about a job and the organization.
pay-for-performance
Pay-for-performance, also called incentive pay, means tying at least a portion of compensation to employee effort and performances.
Pluralism
Pluralism means that an organization accommodates several subcultures. Movement toward pluralism seeks to integrate fully into the organization the employees who otherwise would feel isolated and ignored.
Prejudice
Prejudice is the tendency to view people who are different as being deficient.
Recruiting
Recruiting is defined as activities or practices that define the characteristics of applicants to whom selection procedures are ultimately applied.
Right Sizing
Rightsizing refers to reducing the company's workforce intentionally to the point where the number of employees is deemed to be right for the company's current situation.
Social Learning
Social learning means to learn informally from others by using social medial tools, including mobile technologies, social networking, wikis and blogs, virtual games, and so forth.
stereotype threat
Stereotype threat occurs when a person who, when engaged in a task, is aware of a stereotype about his or her identity group suggesting that he or she will not perform well on that task.
Telecommuting
Telecommuting means using computers and telecommunications equipment to do work without going to an office.
Application Form
The application form is a selection device that collects information about the applicant's education, previous work experience, and other background characteristsics
Glass ceiling
The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that exists for women and minorities that limits their upward mobility 8in organizations. They can look up through the ceiling and see top management, but prevailing attitudes and stereotypes are invisible obstacles to their own advancement.
Matching model
Underlying the organization's effort to attract employees is a matching model. While the matching model, the organization and the individual attempt to match the needs, interests, and values that they offer each other.
Wage and salary surveys
Wage and salary surveys show what other organizations pay incumbents in jobs that match a sample of key jobs selected by the organization.
Human capital
human capital refers to the economic value of the combined knowledge experience, sills and capabilities of employees
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action requires that an employer take positive steps to gurantee equal employement opportunities for people within protected groups
Assesment Center
An assessment center is used to select individuals with high managerial potential based on their performance on a series of simulated managerial tasks
Employer brand
An employer brand is similar to a product brand except that rather than promoting a specific product, its aim is to make the organization seem like a highly desirable place to work.
Compensation
Compensation refers to all monetary payments and all nonmonetary goods or benefits used to reward employees.
Contingent Workers
Contingent workers are people who work for an organization, but not on a permanent or full-time basis.
Inclusion
Inclusion is the degree to which an employee feels like an esteemed member of a group in which his or her uniqueness is highly appreciated.
Performance appraisal
Performance appraisal refers to observing and assessing employee performance, recording the assessment and providing feedback to the employee.