Organizational Management Chapter 9

Monoculture

A culture that accepts only one way of doing things and one set of values and beliefs is called a monoculture

Job Description

A job description is a clear and concise summary of the specific tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a particular position in an organization.

Job specification

A job specification outlines the knowledge, skills, education, physical abilities, and other characteristics needed to perform a specific job adequately.

Stereotype

A rigid, exaggerated, irrational belief associated with a particular group of people is called a stereotype

Exit interview

An exit interview is an interview conducted with departing employees to determine why they are leaving the company.

Internship

An internship is an arrangement where by an intern, usually a high school or college student, exchanges free or low-cost labor for the opportunity to explore whether a particular career is appealing or to gain valuable work experience in a particular field.

Acqui-hiring

Buying an early-state start-up company (and ususally shutting it down) in order to obtain the creative talent.

Diversity

Decades ago, many companies defined diversity in terms of race, gender, age, lifestyle, and disability. That focus helped create awareness, change mindsets, and create new opportunities for many. Today, companies are embracing a more inclusive definition of diversity that recognizes a spectrum of differences that influence how employees approach work, interact with each other, derive satisfaction from their work, and define who they are as people in the workplace.

Discrimination

Discrimination occurs when hiring and promotion decisionsare made based on criteria that are not job-relevant; for example, refusing to hire a black applicant for a job he is qualified to fill and paying a woman a lower wage than a man for the same work are discrinatory acts.

Diversity Of perspective

Diversity of perspective is achieved when a manager creates a heterogeneous team made up of individuals with diverse backgrounds and skill sets. By tapping into the strengths of diversity, teams are more likely to experience the following: high efficiency, better quality, less duplication of effort amon g team members, and increased innovation and creativity.

Downsizing

Downsizing is a planned reduction in the size of a workforce.

Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own group is inherently superior to other groups.

Ethnorelativism

Ethnorelativism is the belief that groups and subcultures are inherently equal.

human resourcxe managment

Human resource management (HRM) refers to the design and application of formal systems in an organization to ensure the effective and efficient use of human talent to accomplish organizational goals

Human resource planning

Human resource planning refers to the forecasting of human resource needs and the projected matching of individuals with anticipated job vacancies

on-the-job training (OJT)

In on-the-job training (OJT), an experienced employee is asked to take a new employee under his or her wing and show the newcomer how to perform job duties.

Selection

In the selection process, employers assess applicants' characteristics in an attempt to determine the fit between the job and applicant characteristics.

Job analysis

Job analysis is a systematic process of gathering and interpreting information about the essential duties, tasks and responsibilities of a job, as well as about the context within which the job is performed.

Work Sample tests

Managers may administer work sample tests to applicants for frontline positions to evaluate their performance in completing simulated tasks that are a part of the job.

Managing diversity

Managing diversity, a key management skill in today's global economy, means creating a climate in which the potential advantages of diversity for organized or group performance are maximized, which the potential disadvantages are minimized.

Realisitc job preview (RJP)

Mangers use realistic job previews in recruiting to give applicants all pertinent and realistic information, both positive and negative, about a job and the organization.

pay-for-performance

Pay-for-performance, also called incentive pay, means tying at least a portion of compensation to employee effort and performances.

Pluralism

Pluralism means that an organization accommodates several subcultures. Movement toward pluralism seeks to integrate fully into the organization the employees who otherwise would feel isolated and ignored.

Prejudice

Prejudice is the tendency to view people who are different as being deficient.

Recruiting

Recruiting is defined as activities or practices that define the characteristics of applicants to whom selection procedures are ultimately applied.

Right Sizing

Rightsizing refers to reducing the company's workforce intentionally to the point where the number of employees is deemed to be right for the company's current situation.

Social Learning

Social learning means to learn informally from others by using social medial tools, including mobile technologies, social networking, wikis and blogs, virtual games, and so forth.

stereotype threat

Stereotype threat occurs when a person who, when engaged in a task, is aware of a stereotype about his or her identity group suggesting that he or she will not perform well on that task.

Telecommuting

Telecommuting means using computers and telecommunications equipment to do work without going to an office.

Application Form

The application form is a selection device that collects information about the applicant's education, previous work experience, and other background characteristsics

Glass ceiling

The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that exists for women and minorities that limits their upward mobility 8in organizations. They can look up through the ceiling and see top management, but prevailing attitudes and stereotypes are invisible obstacles to their own advancement.

Matching model

Underlying the organization's effort to attract employees is a matching model. While the matching model, the organization and the individual attempt to match the needs, interests, and values that they offer each other.

Wage and salary surveys

Wage and salary surveys show what other organizations pay incumbents in jobs that match a sample of key jobs selected by the organization.

Human capital

human capital refers to the economic value of the combined knowledge experience, sills and capabilities of employees

Affirmative Action

Affirmative action requires that an employer take positive steps to gurantee equal employement opportunities for people within protected groups

Assesment Center

An assessment center is used to select individuals with high managerial potential based on their performance on a series of simulated managerial tasks

Employer brand

An employer brand is similar to a product brand except that rather than promoting a specific product, its aim is to make the organization seem like a highly desirable place to work.

Compensation

Compensation refers to all monetary payments and all nonmonetary goods or benefits used to reward employees.

Contingent Workers

Contingent workers are people who work for an organization, but not on a permanent or full-time basis.

Inclusion

Inclusion is the degree to which an employee feels like an esteemed member of a group in which his or her uniqueness is highly appreciated.

Performance appraisal

Performance appraisal refers to observing and assessing employee performance, recording the assessment and providing feedback to the employee.