Origins, Insertions, Innervations
Bicipital aponeurosis
-The bicipital aponeurosis (also known as lacertus fibrosus) is a broad aponeurosis of the biceps brachii which is in the cubital fossa of the elbow and separates superficial from deep structures in much of the fossa. Covers the median nerve and brachial artery.
Anserine bursitis
-The pes anserine bursa can be irritated if stress is placed on this area secondary to trauma to the knee, overuse or poor mechanics. It is most often irritated with activities or athletics which requires cutting, pivoting, kicking, squatting, or quick side to side movements.
Posterior Crural Muscles
-Tibial nerve (L4,5,S1,2,3) -Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris, Popliteus, Tibialis posterior m, Flexor digitorum longus, Flexor hallucis longus
Posterior arm, lateral head of triceps cut
Actions: slamming trunk, pounding large nails with big hammer, raising your body during up phase of push up, dribbling basketball
extend the carpus
All the extensor mm.
Extensors of the Carpus and Digits
Common origin for the extensor muscles of the carpus and digits is the ..... lateral epicondyle of the humerus -Primarily located on the posterior aspect of the forearm -And they are all innervated by the Radial nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
risorius
Draws corner of mouth laterally N: facial nerve/CN7
Which of the following muscles will rotate the vertebral column or trunk to the contralateral side?
External abdominal oblique
Peroneus (fibularis) longus, peroneus (fibularis) brevis, and peroneus (fibularis) tertius can evert the foot and are all innervated by the same nerve.
False
The digastric muscle is a muscle of mastication
False
Which of the following nerves innervate most of the anterior thigh muscles?
Femoral
flex the carpus
Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis mm.
Palmaris longus m
°Origin- medial epicondyle of humerus °Insertion- palmar aponeurosis °Action- flex the hand (wrist flexion), tenses the palmar fascia/aponeurosis °N: median n. (C6,7,8,T1)
mm that will Adduct the humerus
°Teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis m.
Posterior Thigh Muscles that move the Knee Joint
Hamstring muscles, Biceps femoris m, Semitendinosus m., Semimembranosus m.
Rotate the humerus laterally:
Infraspinatus m. Teres minor m. Deltoid m.
Is the platysma a muscle of mastication?
No
Intertransversarii
O: Transverse process below I: Transverse process above A: Neck and trunk lateral bending
pectoralis major
O: clavicular portion - anterior surface of medial 1/3 clavicle sternal portion - manubrium and body of sternum abdominal/costal portion - costal cart of ribs 2-7, aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique I: lateral lip of sulcus of humerus A: flex, adduct, rotate humerus N: medial (C8,T1) and lateral (C5,6,7) pectoral nerves
Coracobrachialis
O: coracoid process of scapula I: shaft of humerus A: flex and adduct arm N: musculocutaneous (C5,6,7) pierces the belly of the muscle
Flexor hallucis longus m.
O: distal 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane I: base of distal phalanx of first digit A: flex big toe and plantar flex the foot, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot -Balance when standing
Pronator quadratus m.
O: distal aspect of anterior ulna I: distal aspect of anterior radius A: pronates forearm N: median n. (C6,7,8,T1)
Vastus lateralis m.
O: greater trochanter, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
Anconeus m
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: olecranon of the ulna A: extends elbow and abducts ulna during pronation N: radial n. (C5,6,7,8,T1)
Tibialis posterior m.
O: posterior surface of tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane I: navicular bone, cuboid bone, cuneiform bones, and bases of Mt 2,3,and 4 A: plantar flex and inverts foot, supports the arches
interspinales
O: spinous process below I: spinous process above A: neck and trunk extension Well developed in the cervical region from C2-T1, relatively lacking in the thoracic region and then well developed in the lumbar region
subscapularis
O: subscapular fossa of scapula I: lesser tubercle of humerus A: medial rotator of humerus (adduction as well) N: upper and lower subscapular (C5,6)
longissimus capitis
Origin: Articular process of T1-T4 Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone Action: Extension; lateral flexion & rotation to same side
Which of the following muscles are innervated by cranial nerve (CN) V, the trigeminal nerve?
anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid
Which of the following muscles originate from the coracoid process of the scapula? (MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
coracobrachialis short head of biceps brachii NOT pectoralis minor or long head of biceps brachii
internal oblique
deep to external oblique O: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, and lumbodorsal fascia I: linea alba, pubic crest, and last 3 ribs A: compresses abdominopelvic cavity, laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column rotate and laterally flex ipsilateral side
internal intercostals
depresses ribs during forced expiration, decrease width
Stylohyoid
elevates and retracts hyoid bone N: CN 7
digastric
elevates hyoid and depresses mandible anterior belly: CN 5 posterior belly: CN 7
Palatoglossus
elevates posterior part of tongue N: CN 10
Which of the following muscles are considered suprahyoid muscles?
geniohyoid and myohyoid
buccinator
holding food between teeth, compresses cheek, "whistle" N: facial nerve/CN7
Which of the following can elevate the eye?
inferior oblique
linea semilunaris
lateral margin of rectus abdominis extends from cartilage of ninth rib to pubic tubercle formed by aponeurosis of internal oblique at its line of division to enclose the rectus
The extrinsic eye muscle that is innervated by cranial nerve (CN) VI, the abducens nerve, is the _________ __________ muscle
lateral rectus
Which of the following actions can be performed by the sartorius muscle?
lateral rotation of the thigh flexion of the thigh flexion of the leg abduction of the thigh
pelvic diaphragm
levator ani and coccygeus funnel shaped, supports the pelvic viscera. pierced by the anal canal, urethra and vagina N: sacral nerves
which of the following muscles is innervated by CN3?
levator palpebrae superioris
Which of the following muscles can perform protraction of the mandible?
masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid
Muscles of Mastication
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid Innervated by CN V3/mandibular division of trigeminal nerve Embryonic origin: pharyngeal arches
Piriformis
may put pressure on the sciatic nerve, mimicking sciatica
Which of the following muscles is innervated by CN X?
palatoglossus
nerve that innervates the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
Which of the following structures can be found within the anatomical snuff box? (MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
radial artery scaphoid bone trapezium bone base of first metacarpal
Which of the following nerves innervate the extensor muscles of the hand and digits?
radial nerve
The dorsal scapular nerve innervates which of the following muscles?
the rhomboid muscles and levator scapulae
The extensors of the upper limb are considered hypaxial muscles.
true
mm that will Abduct the humerus
°Deltoid, supraspinatus mm.
mm that will Plantar flex the foot:
°Gastrocnemius m., Soleus m., Peroneus Longus m., Peroneus Brevis m., Plantaris m., Tibialis Posterior m.
muscles that will Extend the hip joint
°Gluteus Maximus m., hamstring m., adductor magnus m.
Semimembranosus m.
°I: medial condyle of the tibia
muscles that will Flex the hip joint
°Iliopsoas m., rectus femoris m., sartorius m., Adductor magnus m., tensor fasciae latae m., gracilis m. pectineus m.
gluteus minimus
Deep to medius origin: ilium insertion: greater trochanter N: superior gluteal A: hip abductor - abduct thigh, stabilize pelvis when walking, assist in medial rotation *same as medius*
lateral pterygoid
Depresses and protracts mandible and moves it from side to side (lateral deviation) N: CN V3/mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Platysma
Draws down the lower lip and angles of the mouth; tenses skin of the neck; helps depress mandible O: fascia of neck I: inferior border of mandible N: CN 7 E: pharyngeal arch
anterior rectus sheath below arcuate line
EAO, TAO, TA *no posterior sheath below arcuate line*
Trapezius
Elevates, depresses, retracts, and rotates the scapula; rotates the arm O: medial aspect of superior nuchal line, EOP, ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7-T12 (broad origin) I: scapula, clavicle N: CN 11/spinal nerve
muscles of facial expression
Epicranius (occipitofrontalis): frontalis, occipitalis, and galea aponeurotica Orbicularis oculi orbicularis oris procerus levator labii superioris zygomaticus minor and major nasalis risorius depressor labii inferioris depressor anguli oris levator palpebra superioris buccinator **Embryonic origin** Pharyngeal arches
Muscles of back divided into:
Extrinsic (superficial) and intrinsic (deep)
The lateral pectoral nerve innervates pectoralis major and minor
False
The supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles are innervated by the lower subscapular nerve
False
The flexor digitorum superficialis muscle will flex the phalanges of digits 2 through 4 at the distal interphalangeal joints
False 2-5
Abduct the carpus?
Flexor carpi radialis Extensor radialis longus and brevis
Extend the hip joint
Gluteus maximus m. Biceps femoris m. (Long Head) Semimembranosus m. Semitendinosus m. Adductor magnus m. (Hamstring Portion)
Which of the following can assist with lateral rotation of the femur?
Gluteus maximus, quadratus femoris, piriformis
Semitendinosus m.
I: proximal, anterior, medial aspect of the tibia (Pes Anserinus) -Semimembranosus m. °I: medial condyle of the tibia -Both °O: ischial tuberosity °N: tibial nerve °A: extend and medially rotate thigh, flex knee
Rotate the thigh laterally
Iliacus m. Gluteus maximus m. Piriformis m. Quadratus femoris m. Sartorius m. Biceps femoris m. (long head) Iliopsoas Obturator internus and externus Superior and inferior gemelli
flex the hip joint
Iliopsoas m., rectus femoris m., sartorius m., Adductor magnus m., tensor fasciae latae m., gracilis m. pectineus m.
mm that will Rotate the humerus laterally
Infraspinatus, teres minor, deltoid mm
Tom, Dick and Harry
Medial to Lateral -order of the tendons: Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, flexor Hallucis longus -order of the muscle bellies: flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus
Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint
Nine muscles cross shoulder joint; insert on and move humerus Some originate from scapula; others from axial skeleton Actions include flexion, extension, adduction Three prime movers: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid
Rectus femoris m.
O: AIIS, lip of the acetabulum (ilium) I: base of the patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity of tibia A: extend knee, flex the thigh
rectus abdominus
O: Pubic crest/symphysis pubis I: Xiphoid process/costal cartilages rib 5-7 A: Flexes vertebral column, increase abdominal pressure, maintenance of tone during straining
psoas major
O: TVP of all lumbar vertebra, bodies and IVD from T12-L5 I: lesser trochanter of femur A; flex thigh, flex and laterally flex vertebral column N: spinal (L1-L3) ventral rami
Vastus intermedius m.
O: anterior and lateral surface of the femur
tensor faciae latae
O: anterior portion of iliac crest, ASIS I: blends into IT band; remember that IT band will insert onto Gerdy's tubercle N: superior gluteal A: primary action is hip flexion abducts, medially rotates, and flexes the thigh at hip joint
Piriformis
O: anterior sacrum I: greater trochanter N; nerve to piriformis (L5, S1, S2) A: laterally rotates and extends thigh, abducts flexed thigh
deltoid muscle
O: clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula I: humerus N: axillary (C5,6) A: abduction of arm beyond 15-20 degrees
pectoralis minor
O: external surface of upper margins ribs 3-5 I: coracoid process of scapula A: protract and depress scapula N: medial pectoral (C8,T1)
iliacus
O: iliac fossa I: lesser trochanter of femur A: flex thigh (rotates femur laterally) N: femoral (L2,3,4)
gluteus medius
O: ilium I: greater trochanter N: superior gluteal (L4,L5,S1) A: abduct thigh, medial rotate thigh, steadies pelvis when opposite thigh is raised antagonist during rotation synergist in adduction
gluteus maximus
O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx I: femur N: inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2) A: major hip extensor laterally rotates abduction of the thigh
Infraspinatus
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula I: greater tubercle of humerus N: axillary (C5,6) A: lateral rotation of the arm
Vastus medialis
O: intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera of femur
quadratus femoris
O: ischial tuberosity I: intertrochanteric crest N: nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) A: lateral rotation of the thigh
External oblique
O: last 8 ribs (superior) I: iliac crest and linea alba (inferior) A: rotate to contralateral side lateral flex to ipsilateral side
teres minor
O: lateral border of scapula I: greater tubercle of humerus N: axillary (C5,6) A: lateral rotation of the arm
Extensor digitorum longus m
O: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 3/4 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane I: dorsal surface of the middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5 A: extend digits 2-5 and dorsiflex the foot
Supinators
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, lateral collateral ligament of elbow, supinator crest of ulna I: lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius A: supinates forearm N: radial n. (C5,6,7,8,T1) -Biceps brachii m. supinates the forearm as well.
Extensor digiti minimi m.
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus I: base of middle and distal phalanges of digit 5 A: extend carpus and fifth digit N: radial n.
Plantaris m.
O: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur and oblique popliteal ligament I: attaches to calcaneal tendon and then to calcaneus bone A: plantar flex foot, flex knee -Third muscle of the calcaneal tendon (achilles)
Biceps femoris m.
O: long head - ischial tuberosity short head - lateral lip of distal 1/2 of linea aspera I: head of the fibula and collateral ligament of knee N: long head - tibial n. (L4,5,S1,2,3) short head - common peroneal n. (L4,5,S1,2) A: long head - flex knee, extend and laterally rotate thigh short head - flex knee
teres major
O: lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula I: intertubercular groove (sulcus) of humerus A: adduct and medially rotate the arm (extension may be as well) (lat's helper) N: lower subscapular (C5,6)
Quadratus Lumborum
O: medial half of 12th rib inferior border, lumbar TVP's I: iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest A: lateral flexion of vertebral column, depress and stabilize rib 12, help elevate hip bones **abdominal wall muscle, NOT back**
Splenius capitis
O: nuchal ligament, SP's of C7-T4 I: mastoid process of temporal bone A: bilaterally extend and unilaterally flex head and neck, slight rotation
Iliocastalis
O: posterior medial crest of ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, middle crest of sacrum I: lower 6 ribs
longisimus thoracis
O: spinous processes and supraspinal ligament of lumbar and T11 and T12 vertebra, medial aspect of iliac crest, sacrum, and thorcolumbar fascia I: TP of all thoracic and lower 9 ribs
Extensor indicis m.
O: ulna and interosseous membrane I: joins the tendon of extensor digitorum to index finger A: extends carpus and index finger (2nd digit) N: radial n.
diaphragm muscles
O: xiphoid process, lower 6 costal cartilages, L1-L3 vertebrae I: converges into a central tendon A: draw tendon down and forward during inspiration to help expand thoracic cavity N: phrenic nerve
multifidus
O:TP's,Sacrum, Erector spinae Aponeurosis, PSIS, and Iliac crest I: spinous process A: Bilateral backward extension unilateral side-bending to the ipsilateral side rotation to the contralateral side
Which one of the muscles of the SOR do not attach to the head?
OC inferior
Which one of the muscles of the SOT attach to both the atlas and the axis?
OC inferior
Which muscles of the SOT attach to the TP of the atlas?
OC superior and OC inferior
Which of the following muscles does not share the same origin as the other muscles listed? flexor carpi radialis brachioradialis flexor carpi ulnaris pronator teres
Brachioradialis
Muscles of the Forearm
Brachioradialis m, Anconeus m
Which of the following components are found in the leg region?
Lateral, anterior, posterior
Will the right sternocleidomastoid rotate the head to the right or left?
Left
Regarding the groups of muscles listed below, which of these groups of muscles all share a common action? A. tibialis posterior, peroneus longus, and peroneus tertius B. serratus anterior, pectoralis major, and brachioradialis C. deltoid, coracobrachialis, and brachialis D. flexor digitorum profundus, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi radialis
D
Rotators of the Radius on the Ulna
Pronator teres m.
Which one of the muscles of the SOT do not attach to the atlas?
RCP major
Which of the muscles of the SOT attach to the spinous process of the axis?
RCP major and OC inferior
Which of the following nerves innervate the brachialis muscle?
Radial and musculocutaneous
muscles of the suboccipital triangle
Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior minor Obliquus capitis inferior Obliquus capitis superior Embryonic origin: epimere/epaxial Nerve: suboccipital nerve, dorsal branch of C1 Actions: extend and rotate head
What nervous tissue structures exit from between the anterior and middle scalene muscle?
brachial plexus and phrenic N
Which of the following muscles insert onto the coronoid process of the ulna?
brachialis
Which of the following muscles are innervated by the radial nerve? (MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
brachioradialis, supinator, extensor carpi ulnaris
Which tendon is immediately posterior to the lateral malleolus?
Tendon of peroneus brevis
Which of the following can assist with medial rotation of the thigh?
Tensor fascia latae gluteus minimus
mm that will Dorsiflex the foot:
Tibialis Anterior m., Extensor Digitorum Longus m., Extensor Hallucis Longus m., Peroneus Tertius m.
Which of the following are derivatives of the splanchnic mesoderm of the lateral plate?
cardiac muscle and most of smooth muscle
Although levator scapulae is mostly deep muscle, it is considered extrinsic
True
The anterior belly of the digastric muscle is innervated by the same nerve that innervates the muscles of mastication
True
The flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles both insert onto the base of the 5th metacarpal
True
The teres major and teres minor muscles will both rotate the arm, but are not innervated by the same nerve
True
Sternocleidomastoid
Two bellies; sternal and clavicular Contraction of one side: laterally flexes neck, rotates head to opposite side; Contraction of both sides together: flexes neck O: sternum and clavicle I: mastoid process of temporal bone N: CN 2, 3, 11 E: occipital myotome
orbicularis oris
closes lips, kissing muscle, pucker N: facial nerve/CN7
Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, and extensor carpi radialis brevis are synergists to each other during which of the following actions?
abduction of the hand at the wrist
the deltoid muscle can produce all of the following except
adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint
Which of the following answer choices best describe actions performed by the latissimus dorsi muscle?
adduction, extension, and medial (internal) rotation of the arm
The pectoralis major muscle can perform which of the following actions?
adduction, flexion, extension, and medial rotation of the arm
Which of the following muscles make up the radial (lateral) border of the anatomical snuff box? (MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
adductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis
Contraction of muscles which attach on __________ aspect of the humerus result in medial rotation of the humerus
anterior
Which of the following is the insertion point for the serratus anterior muscle?
anterior aspect of the vertebral border of the scapula
Which of the following muscles are innervated by CN V?
anterior belly of digastric, lateral pterygoid
In regard to a tendon versus an aponeurosis, the structure that is more of a "flat sheet" is the __________.
aponeurosis
An area known as the triangle of ________, which is bordered by the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and rhomboid major/vertebral border of the scapula, is the thinnest region between the skin and posterior thoracic wall.
auscultation
transversus abdominis
deep to internal and external oblique Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilages of last six ribs, and lumbar fascia Insertion: xiphoid process, linea alba and pubis Action: maintenance of abdominal tone and increase intra-abdominal pressure
rotatores
deep to multifidus and usually span 1 segment and best developed in the thoracic region, extend from L5 to T2 O: TP of all vertebrae I: long rotator: SP of 2nd Vertebra superior to its origin short rotator: SP of the vertebra immediately above its origin
semispinalis capitis
deep to splenius capitis its belly is divided by a tendinous inscription O: TP of C4-T6 I: superior nuchal line A: extend the head and neck, laterally flex *commonly referred to as the most powerful extender of the head and neck*
abduct the humerus
deltoid, supraspinatus
hypoglossus
depresses and retracts tongue, flattens and moves backward N: CN12/hypoglossal
depressor anguli oris
depresses angle of mouth, "frown" N: facial nerve/CN7
inferior rectus
depresses eye and turns it medially N: CN 3/oculomotor nerve
depressor labii inferioris
depresses lower lip and pulls medially, "duck lips" N: facial nerve/CN7
geniohyoid
depresses mandible, pulls hyoid forward, retracts mandible N: C1 carried along path of CN 12
Muscles of Respiration
diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals embryonic origin: hypomere/hypaxial
suprahyoid muscles
digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid Embryonic origin: pharyngeal arches
Which of the following nerves innervate the levator scapulae muscle?
dorsal scapular nerve
innermost intercostals
elevate the ribs, but muscle fiber direction follows the internal intercostals
zygomaticus
elevates and pulls upper lip back, "smile" N: facial nerve/CN7
temporalis
elevates and retracts mandible N: CN V3/mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
inferior oblique
elevates eye and turns it laterally N: CN 3/oculomotor nerve
superior rectus
elevates eye and turns it medially N: CN 3/oculomotor nerve
Mylohyoid
elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth N: CN5
medial pterygoid
elevates mandible and moves it from side to side (lateral deviation) N: CN V3/mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
Masseter
elevates mandible, assists with protraction N: CN V3/mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
levator palpebrae superioris
elevates upper eyelid, opens eye N: CN3/occulomotor
levator labii superioris
elevates upper lip, "elvis" N: facial nerve/CN7
The trapezius muscle and rhomboid muscles share which of the following actions?
elevation of the scapula and clavicle
The iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinals muscles collectively make up a group known as the ________ ________ group
erector spinae
latissimus dorsi
extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus at shoulder O: SP of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, last 3 ribs I: intertubercular groove (sulcus) of humerus N: thoracodorsal N (C6,7,8) also known as the middle subscapular nerve
Muscles of the abdominal wall
external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis accessory muscles of respiration: all of the above plus scalenes, SCM
lateral rectus
eye looks laterally N: CN 6/abducens
Scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)
flex neck, laterally flex neck, elevate rib 1,2 E: hypomere (hypaxial) N: cervical Anterior: O: TP C3-C6 I: medial aspect rib 1 Middle: O: TP's C2-C7 I: first rib A: both anterior and middle elevate first rib Posterior: O: TP C4-C6 I: rib 2 A: elevate rib 2
The biceps brachii muscle can perform which of the following actions? (MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint supination of the forearm at the radioulnar joint
Which of the following muscles insert onto the base of the 2nd metacarpal and/or 3rd metacarpal? (MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
flexor carpi radialis extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi radialis longus
Adduct the carpus
flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris
Flex the distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
flexor digitorum profundus
Flex the proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis
inguinal ligament (pouparts ligament)
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle formed by the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
When comparing the innervation of muscles, which of the following groups are innervated by the same nerve?
gastrocnemius m., tibialis posterior m., long head of biceps femoris m.
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
genioglossus, hyoglossus, palatoglossus, styloglossus Innervated by CN12/hypoglossal Embryonic origin: occipital myotomes
Which of the following is considered a suprahyoid muscle?
geniohyoid
Which of the following can depress the mandible?
geniohyoid, platysma
Which of the following muscles can produce lateral rotation of the thigh?
gluteus maximus piriformis quadratus femoris
Which of the following muscles originate from the ischial tuberosity?
hamstring muscles
erector spinae group
iliocostalis- lateral column longissimus- intermediate column spinalis- medial column O: sacrum, iliac crest, lumbar vertebrae I: ribs, thoracic and cervical vertebrae, skull A: prime movers of back extension and lateral bending
Hip/thigh flexors pass in front of the hip joint
iliopsoas (iliacus and psoas major) - prime mover of flexion tensor fascia latae rectus femoris
In the lab I ask you, "Is the coracoid process the insertion or origin of the pectoralis minor muscle"? You answer by telling me that the coracoid process is the ________ of the pectoralis minor muscle.
insertion
Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior share which of the following actions?
inversion of the foot
triangle of auscultation borders
latissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboid major
The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by the ________ thoracic nerve
long
Which of the following muscles attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone?
longissimus and splenius capitis
Medial rectus
look medially N: CN 3/oculomotor nerve
As a general rule, the flexors of the hand and digits originate from which of the following landmarks?
medial epicondyle of the humerus
The _________ muscles originate from a transverse process, then insert onto a spinous process 2-4 levels superior
multifidus
Which of the following muscles are included in the transversospinalis muscle group?
multifidus, semispinalis capitis, rotatores
Occipital (post-otic) myotomes will become which of the following adult structures?
muscles of the tongue
Which of the following will originate at rib 2? posterior scalene middle scalene anterior scalene
none of these
Which of the following muscles does not actually attach to the skull in any way?
obliquus capitis inferior
Which of the following muscles does not attach to the occipital bone?
obliquus capitis inferior
The epicranius muscle consists of which of the following?
occipitalis, galea aponeurotica, frontalis
Which of the following muscles are considered infrahyoid muscles?
omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
In the lab I ask you, "Is the coracoid process the insertion or origin of the coracobrachialis muscle"? You answer by telling me that the coracoid process is the ________ of the coracobrachialis muscle.
origin
Somites are derived from which of the following structures?
paraxial mesoderm
Which of the following muscles are innervated by the femoral AND obturator nerve?
pectineus
Which of the following muscle's insertion point is placed the most laterally on the humerus?
pectoralis major
Which of the following muscles are dually innervated?
pectoralis major and subscapularis
Which of the following muscles attach to the coracoid process of the scapula?
pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, short head of biceps brachii
protract the scapula
pectoralis minor, serratus anterior
Which of the following tendons are found immediately posterior to the lateral malleolus?
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Muscles of the neck
platysma, sternocleidomastoid, scalene
Which of the following will pull the eyebrows medial and inferior?
procerus
The trapezius muscle cannot perform which of the following actions?
protraction/abduction of the scapula
Genioglossus
protracts tongue N: CN12/hypoglossal
I ask you if muscles always pull or push. You tell me that muscles always ________.
pull
procerus
pulls eyebrows medially and down N: facial nerve/CN7
serratus anterior
pulls scapula anteriorly and downward O: lateral surface of 1st 8/9 ribs I: anterior surface of vertebra/medial scapula border N: long thoracic nerve important scapula stabilizing muscle , "boxers"
mm that will Extend the knee joint
quadriceps Femoris m.
cremaster muscle
raises and lowers testes essentially an extension of the internal abdominal oblique muscle
frontalis
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead N: facial nerve/CN7
Which of the quadriceps femoris muscles can flex the thigh?
rectus femoris
Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)
reinforce the capsule of the shoulder supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis all insert onto the greater tubercle of humerus EXCEPT subscapularis
Styloglossus
retracts and elevates tongue, upward and backward movement N: CN12/hypoglossal
Rhomboid major
retracts or adducts scapula O: SP of T2-T5 I: medial border of scapula N: dorsal scapular N (C5)
which of the following muscles are not innervated by the axillary nerve?
rhomboid minor and teres major
superior oblique
rotates the eye downward and laterally N: CN 4/trochlear
Unilaterally contracting the right sternocleidomastoid muscle would create which of the following actions?
rotation of the head to the left
The internal abdominal oblique muscle will rotate the trunk to the ______ side
same - ipsilateral EXTERNAL - contralateral
Anterior Thigh Muscles that Move the Knee Joint
sartorius, quadriceps femoris muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius)
Which of the following muscles does not attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone?
semispinalis capitis
Which of the following muscles is commonly referred to as the most powerful extender of the head and neck?
semispinalis capitis
transversospinalis group
semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
Which of the following muscles attach to the pes anserinus area of the tibia?
semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius
Which nerve innervates the majority of the muscles of the posterior thigh?
tibial
Which of the following tendons are found immediately posterior to the medial malleolus?
tibialis posterior
Superficial muscles of the back
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae Embryonic Origin: hypomere/hypaxial
retract the scapula
trapezius, rhomboids
nasalis
widens nostrils N: facial nerve/CN7
Which of the following is true regarding the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
will rotate the head to the contralateral side
muscles that will Adduct the thigh
°Adductor mm., pectineus m., gracilis m.
mm that will Extend the carpus?
°All the extensor m.
mm that will Flex the knee joint:
°Biceps Femoris m., Semitendinosus m., Semimembranosus m., Gracilis m., Sartorius m., Popliteus m., Gastrocnemius m., Plantaris m.
mm that will Flex the elbow
°Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres m.
mm that will Flex the humerus
°Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, pectoralis major m., deltoid m.
muscles that will Rotate the thigh laterally
°Biceps femoris (long head) m., sartorius m., gluteus maximus m., iliopsoas m., piriformis m., quadratus femoris m., obturator internus and externus, superior and inferior gemelli mm.
Anatomic snuff box
°Borders - tendons of insertion of the: -abductor pollicis longus m. - lateral (radial border) -extensor pollicis brevis m. - lateral (radial border) -extensor pollicis longus m. - medial (ulnar border) °N- radial n. °Significance: -scaphoid (navicular) bone sits at base -Base of the 1st metacarpal and trapezium -radial artery is visualized
mm that will Abduct the carpus?
°Flexor carpi radialis, extensor radialis longus and brevis, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, abductor pollicis longus mm.
mm that will Adduct the carpus?
°Flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris mm.
mm that will Flex the carpus?
°Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis m.
mm that will Flex the proximal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
°Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis mm.
mm that will Flex the distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
°Flexor digitorum profundus m.
muscles that will Rotate thigh medially
°Gluteus medius and minimus mm., tensor fasciae latae m., gracilis m., Semimembranosus m., Semitendinosus m.
muscles that will Abduct the thigh
°Gluteus medius and minimus, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, piriformis m.
Triceps brachii m.
°Long head -Origin- (Crosses the shoulder joint) Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, °Lateral head -Origin- Posterior lateral aspect of proximal humerus proximal to radial groove °Medial head -Origin- Posterior medial aspect of proximal humerus distal to radial groove (Sometimes referred to as the "deep head") °Insertion of all 3 heads- olecranon process of ulna °N - Radial n. (C5,6,7,8,T1) °Action: All 3 head = forearm extensors, long head can extend and adduct the arm, Antagonist of biceps brachii m and brachialis m
Popliteus m.
°O: lateral epicondyle of femur and lateral meniscus °I: proximal, posterior aspect of tibia °A: weakly flexes the knee and medially rotate leg at knee joint -"Unlocks" the knee joint. The rotation of the tibia typically happens when the leg is flexed. -Gray's Anatomy for Students states that it will rotate the femur on a fixed tibia.
Flexor digitorum longus m
°O: medial portion of posterior surface of tibia °I: base of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 °A: flex digits 2-5 and plantar flex the foot
Pronator teres m.
°Origin- 2 heads: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna °Insertion- middle of lateral surface of radius °Action: Pronates forearm and flex elbow (weak) °N: median n. travels through the two heads of the muscle. (C6,7,8,T1)
Sartorius m
°Origin- anterior superior iliac spine of ilium °Insertion- proximal, anterior, medial surface of tibia at the pes anserinus (along with the gracilis m. and the semitendinosus m.) °N: femoral nerve (L2,3,4) °Action: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint (Netter's) and flexes leg at the knee joint. -Sartorius assists in flexing the leg, and the thigh on the pelvis, particularly when these two movements are combined. It also helps to abduct the thigh and to rotate it laterally. *longest single muscle*
Extensor hallucis longus m
°Origin- anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane °Insertion- dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the first digit (hallux) °Action: extend first digit, dorsiflex foot, weak inverter of the foot
Flexor pollicis longus m.
°Origin- anterior surface of the radius and radial half of the interosseus membrane °Insertion- palmar surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (pollex) °N: median (C6,7,8,T1) °Action: Flex the interphalangeal joint of the thumb (pollex); can also flex the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb (pollex)
Peroneus (fibularis) tertius m
°Origin- distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane °Insertion- dorsal surface of the base of 5th metatarsal °Action: dorsiflex and evert foot N: deep peroneal nerve
Gracilis m.
°Origin- inferior edge of the symphysis pubis °Insertion- proximal, anterior, medial surface of tibia (pes anserinus) °N - Obturator (L2, 3, 4) °Action: adducts thigh, flexes thigh, helps to rotate thigh medially, aids in flexion of the knee *only adductor that crosses the knee*
Tibialis anterior m.
°Origin- lateral condyle and proximal 1/2 of lateral tibia, °Insertion- medial and inferior surfaces of the base of the medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1 °Action: Prime mover of dorsiflexion, inverts foot tibialis anterior and posterior are synergists to each other during inversion of the foot
Extensor digitorum m
°Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus °Insertion- posterior surfaces of bases of the middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 digits °N: radial n. °Action: Prime mover of finger extension, extends wrist
Extensor carpi ulnaris m
°Origin- lateral epicondyle of humerus and olecranon °Insertion- lateral aspect of base of 5th metacarpal °N: radial n. °Action: Extends and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at carpus
Brachioradialis m
°Origin- lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus °Insertion- distal aspect of radius, proximal to styloid process of radius °N- radial n. (C5,6,7,8,T1) °Action: Flexes elbow, (assists biceps and brachialis m), especially when your forearm is midpronated (Netter's and Gray's for Students). Brings your forearm back in a neutral position after it has been supinated or pronated. Thus, it acts like a neutralizer. Stabilizes your wrist when you are gripping something.
Flexor carpi radialis m.
°Origin- medial epicondyle of humerus °Insertion-base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals °N: median n. (C6,7,8,T1) °Action: Flex and abducts (radial deviation) the hand at the carpus (Wrist flexor, abducts hand)
Flexor digitorum profundus m.
°Origin- proximal anterior ulna and interosseous membrane °Insertion- tendons pass thru the tendons of the FDS to insert on bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5 °N: median (C6,7,8,T1) and ulnar (C8,T1) nerves °Action: flex hand at the carpus, digits at the Metacarpophalangeal joints, and interphalangeal joints. Only one to flex distal interphalangeal joints
Pectineus m.
°Origin- superior ramus of pubis °Insertion- pectineal line of the femur (distal to lesser trochanter of femur) °N-femoral nerve, (L2,3,4), and obturator n. (L2,3,4) ° Action: Adducts and flexes thigh
Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
°Origin: -Humeral head = medial epicondyle of humerus -Ulnar head = olecranon and posterior border of ulna °Insertion- 5th metacarpal and carpals (pisiform and Hamulus of hamate) °N: ulnar n. (C8,T1) °Action: Flexor and adducts (ulnar deviation) hand at the carpus
Flexor digitorum superficialis m
°Origin: Humeroulnar head = medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, ulnar collateral ligament -Radial head = superior 1/2 anterior surface of radius °Insertion- palmar aspect of middle phalanx of digits 2-5 (proximal aspect), lateral tubercles °N: median n. (C6,7,8,T1) °Action: flex hand at the carpus, flex digits 2-5 at the Metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal interphalangeal joints
mm that will Protract the scapula
°Pectoralis minor mm., serratus anterior m.
mm that will Evert the foot:
°Peroneus (fibularis) brevis m., Peroneus (fibularis) longus m., Peroneus (fibularis) tertius m.
Pes anserinus
°The combined tendinous expansions of 3 muscles where they insert on the proximal anterior medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity -semitendinosus m. -gracilis m. -Sartorius m.
mm that will Invert the foot:
°Tibialis Posterior m., Tibialis anterior m., Extensor hallucis longus m. (weak)
mm that will Retract the scapula
°Trapezius, rhomboids
mm that will Extend the humerus
°Triceps brachii long head, latissimus dorsi, deltoid m., teres major m.
mm that will Extend elbow
°Triceps brachii, anconeus m.
Bicipital aponeurosis pt 2
±The bicipital aponeurosis originates from the distal insertion of the biceps brachii. While the tendon of the biceps inserts on the radius, the aponeurosis stretches from the medial side of the biceps tendon and passes obliquely downward and medially across the brachial artery. It is continuous with the antebrachial fascia covering the origins of the flexor muscles of the forearm. -The aponeurosis reinforces the cubital fossa and helps to protect the brachial artery and the median nerve running underneath. This protection is important during venipuncture (taking blood) from the median cubital vein.
Anterior Compartment of the Arm
•Biceps, Brachialis
Posterior Compartment of the Arm
•Triceps
Thenar eminence
•the fleshy base of the thumb, formed by three muscles that move the thumb all innervated by the median nerve
Adductor muscles
Adductor m °Longus m: Origin- pubis, near pubic symphysis, Insertion- linea aspera of femur °Brevis m: Origin- Inferior ramus of pubis, Insertion- proximal portion of linea aspera of femur and pectineal line of femur (a longitudinal line distal to the lesser trochanter) -N: obturator n. -Action: Both Adduct thigh
During a movement, the muscle whose contraction is mostly responsible for producing the movement is known as the ________ or prime mover.
Agonist
Lateral Crural Muscles
-Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve (L4,5,S1,2) -Peroneus (fibularis) longus m, Peroneus (fibularis) brevis m.
Arcuate line
termination of posterior rectus sheath half way between umbilicus and pubis at level of iliac crest ASIS to ASIS
Hamstrings Group
-Action: Flex knee, extend hip (except SHBF). Laterally rotate hip (LHBF), medially rotate hip (ST & SM) -Origin: All at ischial tuberosity (except SHBF) -Insertion: °ST: Proximal, anterior medial shaft of tibia. °SM: Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia. °BF: Head of fibula. Palpate distal tendons around back of knee. Three muscles (medial to lateral): °Semitendinosus (superficial), "half tendon"; distal half is a classically shaped cylindrical tendon °Semimembranosus (deeper, wider), "half membrane", its prox. half is a flat (or membranous) aponeurotic tendon °Biceps femoris (long, superficial & short, deep), "two-headed of the thigh", ALWAYS SPECIFY WHICH HEAD
Muscles Crossing the Elbow Joint
-Anterior flexor muscles °Brachialis and biceps brachii — chief forearm flexors °Brachioradialis — synergist and stabilizer
Biceps brachii m
-Biceps brachii m °Long head -Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula °Short head -Origin: coracoid process of scapula °Insertion of both heads- Posterior border of radial tuberosity and Bicipital Aponeurosis on proximal radius and subcutaneous ulna °N- musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7) °Action: Flexes elbow, supinates forearm. Flexes the shoulder joint (to a slight extent).
Hamstring muscles
-Common attachment is Ischial tuberosity (except for short head Biceps femoris) -Common actions are: Flex knee, Extend thigh (except which one?)=short head biceps **extend thigh, flex leg** -I: Tibial n °Biceps femoris m. °Semitendinosus m. °Semimembranosus m.
Flexors of the Carpus and Digits
-Common origin for the flexor muscles of the carpus and digits is the ..... medial epicondyle of the humerus -Primarily located on the anterior aspect of the forearm
Anterior Crural Muscles
-Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve (L4,5,S1,2) -Tibialis anterior m., Extensor hallucis longus m, Extensor digitorum longus m, Peroneus (fibularis) tertius m
Extensor carpi radialis m.
-Extensor carpi radialis longus m -Origin - lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus -Insertion - dorsal aspect of the base of the 2nd metacarpal, but a small "slip" of an insertion onto the dorsal aspect of the 3rd metacarpal as well (Netter's) -Extensor carpi radialis brevis m -Origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus -Insertion - dorsal aspect base of 3rd metacarpal mainly, but a small insertion on the dorsal aspect of the base of the 2nd metacarpal as well (Netter's and Gray's for Students) -Action of both muscles: Extends and abducts wrist (radial deviation) -N: radial nerve (C5,6,7,8,T1)
tennis Elbow
-Forceful, repetitive use of the forearm extensor muscles can damage them where they attach to the lateral epicondyle. -This condition is often called tennis elbow because it can result from playing tennis. -It is also called lateral epicondylitis because it can result from other sports and activities, including shoveling snow. -Treatment rarely requires surgery; rather, noninvasive practices, such as rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) and anti-inflammatory medications, are usually effective. -It is also possible to experience "golfer's elbow," or medial epicondylitis, where the medial forearm tendons attach to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
biceps femoris extra
-Hamstrings, acting from above, the posterior thigh muscles flex the knee. -Acting from below, they extend the hip joint, pulling the trunk upright from a stooping posture against the influence of gravity, biceps femoris being the main agent. -When the knee is semi-flexed, biceps femoris can act as a lateral rotator and semimembranosus and semitendinosus as medial rotators of the lower leg on the thigh at the knee. -When the hip is extended, biceps femoris is a lateral rotator and semimembranosus and semitendinosus are medial rotators of the thigh
Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
-Most anterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee -Posterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg -The medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh -These three groups are enclosed by the fascia lata
Peroneus (fibularis) longus m
-Origin- head and 2/3 of the body of fibula, lateral epicondyle of tibia -Insertion- lateral and inferior surfaces of base of 1st met: Everts and plantar flexes foot, supports longitudinal arch -Innervation: superficial peroneal -Action: primary everter of the foot Located on lateral leg, between soleus & extensor digitorum longus.
Brachialis m.
-Origin: anterior aspect of distal humerus ±Insertion- coronoid process of ulna , and ulnar tuberosity -N: The musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) = large medial part, radial nerve (C7) = small lateral part. **2 nerves** -Action: Flexes forearm at elbow
Peroneus (fibularis) brevis m.
-Origin: distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula -Insertion: tuberosity of 5th metatarsal -Action: everts the foot and weak plantar flexion -Innervation: superficial peroneal Located on lateral leg, between soleus & extensor digitorum longus.
Adductor magnus m
-Origin: inferior ramus of pubis and ischium; ischial tuberosity -Insertion: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera of femur; hamstring portion attaches to the adductor tubercle of the femur -N: adductor portion obturator n. (L2,3,4) and hamstring portion is tibial nerve (L4,5,S1,2,3) -Action: Adducts thigh; its adductor portion will flex the thigh while the hamstring portion will extend the thigh
Gastrocnemius m.
-Origin: lateral and medial condyles of femur (some textbooks may say epicondyles) -Insertion: posterior surface of the tuberosity of the calcaneus via calcanean tendon -Action: flex leg at the knee, plantar flex foot Crosses two joints. Crosses knee joint. Has medial & lateral heads. Blends into calcaneal tendon (achilles)
Soleus m.
-Origin: posterior aspect of proximal 1/4 of fibula, and medial tibia -Insertion: posterior surface of the tuberosity of calcaneus via calcanean tendon -Action: Plantar flexes the foot; gastrocnemius and soleus primary plantar flex foot -Triceps surae - two heads of gastroc. and soleus Thicker muscle than gastrocnemius. Deep to gastrocnemius. "Second heart" - important in returning blood to the heart from the lower limbs. Does not cross knee
Quadriceps femoris muscles
-Rectus femoris m. -Vastus medialis m. -Vastus lateralis m. -Vastus intermedius m. -All components insert on the base of patella and via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity of tibia and all extend the knee -I: Femoral nerve (L2,3,4) -A: all will perform extension of the leg, rectus femoris can flex the thigh
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
-flexor retinaculum - bracelet-like fibrous sheet that the flexor tendons of the extrinsic muscles that flex the wrist pass under on their way to their insertions -carpal tunnel - tight space between the flexor retinaculum and the carpal bones °flexor tendons passing through the tunnel are enclosed in tendon sheaths ±enable tendons to slide back and forth quite easily -carpal tunnel syndrome - prolonged, repetitive motions of wrist and fingers can cause tissues in the carpal tunnel to become inflamed or fibrotic °puts pressure on the median nerve of the wrist that passes through the carpal tunnel along with the flexor tendons °Numbness, tingling, and muscular weakness in the palm and hand (thenar side) °pain may radiate proximally through the forearm, and even to the arm and shoulder °treatment - anti-inflammatory drugs, immobilization of the wrist, and sometimes surgery to remove part or all of flexor retinaculum
Muscles of the Forearm that move the Carpus and Digits
1) Rotators of the radius on the ulna 2) Anterior Compartment - flexors of the carpus and digits 3) Posterior compartment - extensors of the carpus and digits
external intercostal muscles
A muscle that raises the rib cage, decreasing pressure inside the chest cavity, increase width
Above the arcuate line, the posterior rectus sheath consists of the aponeuroses of which of the following abdominal muscles from superficial to deep? 1. transversus abdominis m. 2. internal abdominal oblique m. 3. external abdominal oblique m.
2,1
levator ani muscle
3 muscles: pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puboanalis (puborrectalis). O: ischial spine, pubis, obturator fascia I: coccyx A; supports pelvic viscera and raises pelvic floor
Below the arcuate line, the anterior rectus sheath consists of the aponeuroses of which of the following abdominal muscles from superficial to deep? 1. transversus abdominis m. 2. internal abdominal oblique m. 3. external abdominal oblique m.
3,2,1
The triceps brachii muscle can perform which of the following actions? (MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS) A. extension of the forearm at the elbow joint B. extension of the arm at the shoulder joint C. adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint D. abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint
A,B,C
Which of the following muscles can produce lateral rotation of the thigh? (MARK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS) A. quadratus femoris B. piriformis C. gluteus maximus D. gluteus medius
A,B,C
All of the following muscles are innervated by 2 nerves except A. gluteus maximus B. pectineus C. adductor magnus D. biceps femoris
A. gluteus maximus
Superficial muscles of the thorax
Anterior extrinsic muscles: pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius
anterior rectus sheath above arcuate line
Aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique
posterior rectus sheath above arcuate line
Aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique and tranversus abdominis
Except for minor exceptions, which nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
CN7/facial nerve
orbicularis oculi
Closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting N: facial nerve/CN7
Supraspinatus
DEEP *rotator cuff muscle* O: supraspinous fossa of scapula I: greater tubercle of humerus N: suprascapular (C5,6) A: abducts humerus first 15-20 degrees
Which of the following is a completely superficial muscle?
Semitendinosus
Which of the following muscles insert onto the proximal, anterior aspect of the tibia?
Semitendinosus Rectus femoris
17 muscles that attach to the scapula
Subscapularis m. Serratus anterior m. Triceps brachii m., long head Pectoralis minor m. Coracobrachialis m. Biceps brachii m. Deltoid m. Trapezius m. Supraspinatus m. Infraspinatus m. Teres minor m. Teres major m. Levator scapulae m. Rhomboid minor m. Rhomboid major m. **Latissimus dorsi m. Omohyoid m.
Rotate the humerus medially
Subscapularis m. Teres Major m. Latissimus Dorsi m. Deltoid m. Pectoralis major m.
mm that will Rotate the humerus medially
Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, pectoralis major mm
Hypothenar eminence
the elongated fleshy bulge at the base of the little finger, formed by three muscles that move the little finger all innervated by the ulnar nerve
Which of the following muscles will rotate the arm laterally?
teres minor, infraspinatus
Quadriceps Femoris
The only muscle that extends the knee •Rectus femoris "straight of the femur"- flexes hip; extends knee; crosses 2 joints, •Vastus lateralis "large of the side"- extends knee, •Vastus medialis- extends knee, •Vastus intermedius- extends knee.
Which of the following are derivatives of the somatic mesoderm of the lateral plate?
smooth muscle of blood vessels
The muscle of the triceps surae group that does not cross the knee joint is the _______.
soleus
Which of the following muscles would be classified as a superficial intrinsic muscle?
splenius capitis
Superficial intrinsic back muscles
splenius capitis and splenius cervicis Embryonic Origin: Epimere/epaxial
Which of the following muscles are innervated by a cranial nerve?
sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, anterior belly of digastric, temporalis
infrahyoid muscles
sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid embryonic origin: hypomere (hypaxial) swallowing, depressed hyoid and larynx as swallowing ends while talking Innervation: C1 - C3
The nerve that innervates the suboccipital triangle muscles is the ________ nerve.
suboccipital
Which of the following muscles insert onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus?
subscapularis
Which of the following muscles are innervated by the lower scapular nerve?
subscapularis, teres major
The extrinsic eye muscle that is innervated by cranial nerve (CN) IV, the trochlear nerve, is the _________ __________ muscle.
superior oblique
SO4LR6 All else 3
superior oblique innervated by CN 4 lateral rectus innervated by CN 6 all else innervated by CN 3
Muscles of the eye
superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique levator palpebrae superioris: muscle of facial expression, but associated with orbit area Embryonic origin: preotic myotomes
Rhomboid minor
superior to rhomboid major; elevates and retracts scapula O: nuchal ligament, SP's of C7 and T1 I: medial border of scapula N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Which of the following muscles will medially rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint?
teres major, latissimus dorsi
adduct the humerus
teres major, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis
