ORU HUM 202 Classical Roman Civilization

What is the traditional date of the founding of the Roman Republic and Roman freedom from Etruscan rule? Question options: 753 BC 509 BC 390 BC 31 BC

509 BC

What is the traditional date of the founding of Rome in western Italy? Question options: 31 BC 390 BC 1800 BC 753 BC

753 BC

Regarding the Etruscans, the textbook authors state that: Question options: the Etruscans transformed northern and central Italian villages into towns and cities. the Etruscans may have migrated to central Italy from Lydia (western Turkey). the Etruscans were the dominant cultural and economic force during the early Roman age. All of the above

All of the above

Results of Roman expansion during the Republic included which of the following? Question options: jus gentium ("law of nations" develops; i.e., law applies to all peoples everywhere) Large numbers of war captives are brought to Rome Hellenization of Rome All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is true regarding Rome's assimilation of Hellenistic civilization? Question options: It created a Greco-Roman culture that is characteristic of the Late Republic and Early Empire. Some Romans blamed Hellenistic civilization for decline of Roman morality. It brought large numbers of slaves into the Late Roman Republic. All of the above

All of the above

Regarding the government of the Roman Republic, what were characteristics of the Magistrates? Question options: Magistrates were powerful executive officers who managed the Roman Republic and Roman army. Magistrates were limited in power because they served only one year terms. The Magistrates' power was limited because they were elected offices, rather than inherited offices. All of the above are characteristic of Roman Magistrates.

All of the above are characteristic of Roman Magistrates.

Which of the following is characteristic of Roman religion? Question options: Nature was considered to be alive with various spirits, gods, and goddesses. Romans had traditional gods and goddesses of "hearth and home," as well as adopting other gods (such as the Greek pantheon and others). Like other ancient pagan people, the Romans believed that the gods and goddesses, associated with nature, must be appeased or controlled through various "worship" practices. All of the above are characteristic of Roman religion.

All of the above are characteristic of Roman religion.

Which of the following is a biblical perspective? Question options: God is all-powerful, personal, and good. Nature is God's creation (not God) and should not be worshiped. Men and women are created in the image of God, and therefore reflect aspects of God's nature (such as self-transcendence, personality, moral understanding, etc). All of the above are consistent with a biblical worldview (or biblical perspective).

All of the above are consistent with a biblical worldview (or biblical perspective).

Who was Cincinnatus, in Livy's story? Question options: All of the above describe Cincinnatus After defending Rome, gave up his power and returned to his farm. He was elected dictator during a time of national emergency He was a citizen-soldier of early Rome

All of the above describe Cincinnatus

Which of the following is characteristic of Hellenistic civilization? Question options: It was centered primarily within the large Hellenistic cities. Hellenistic civilization is a blend of Greek and Middle Eastern or Persian civilization. Hellenistic civilization was wealthy from trade and commerce. All of the above.

All of the above.

Which of the following is not one of the Hellenistic Kingdoms? Question options: Seleucid Kingdom Antigonid Kingdom Ptolemaic Kingdom Athenian Kingdom

Athenian Kingdom

Priests of early Rome who sought to discern the will of the gods were known as __________. Question options: Pontifs Druids Augurs Questors

Augurs

The Roman senator who advocated for the complete destruction of Carthage was __________. Question options: Scipio Africanus Marius Pliny the Elder Cato

Cato

The Etruscans were located in what area in the Italy? Question options: Latium Etruria Campania Cumae

Etruria

The Romans apparently gained their alphabet (writing system) from the ________________. Question options: Greeks Etruscans Gauls Egyptians

Etruscans

What does the term transcendent mean regarding the nature of God in a biblical worldview? Question options: God is identified with natural phenomena, such as storms or powerful winds. God is not nature, but is the Creator of nature. It means that God is everywhere present within nature. All of the above are correct.

God is not nature, but is the Creator of nature.

What was the significance of Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War? Question options: He impeded Hannibal's advance in Italy through delaying tactics. He expelled the Carthaginians from Spain and later won the decisive Battle of Zama. He engineered a valuable alliance with the Gauls. He was the first to use elephants as "living tanks."

He expelled the Carthaginians from Spain and later won the decisive Battle of Zama.

Who was Sulla (in the Late Republic)? Question options: He led a slave revolt and was put to death for it. He was the leader of the conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar. He was the Roman scientist who invented a steam engine. He was Rome's first dictator who brought about a variety of reforms to Rome, but gained political power by military force.

He was Rome's first dictator who brought about a variety of reforms to Rome, but gained political power by military force.

What did Cicero mean by his discussion of "laws of nature"? Question options: He was referring to the physical laws of nature, such as the law of gravity. He was referring to the idea that laws must align with the universal moral laws of nature, and that laws that were contrary to nature were unjust and wrong. He meant that the Roman were free to decide what was right and wrong, and thus could create any law they desired because they had the power to do so. He meant all of the above

He was referring to the idea that laws must align with the universal moral laws of nature, and that laws that were contrary to nature were unjust and wrong.

Roman law had which of the following characteristics? Question options: It sharply divided people into different classes: aristocracy, commoner, slave, etc. It was developed primarily by Roman philosophers, influenced by Greek political thought. It developed over time as the growing Middle Class struggled with the aristocracy for inclusion in government and for fair treatment under law. All of the above

It developed over time as the growing Middle Class struggled with the aristocracy for inclusion in government and for fair treatment under law.

All of the following are true of the Roman Centuriate Assembly except: Question options: It was the Roman army functioning in its political role. It was organized by classes based on wealth. It elected the chief magistrates and passed laws. It had greater power than the Roman Senate because the Centuriate Assembly represented the old aristocratic families.

It had greater power than the Roman Senate because the Centuriate Assembly represented the old aristocratic families.

What was the Struggle of the Orders? Question options: It was a violent conflict between Rome's citizens and their slaves. It was a peaceful struggle between the patricians and plebeians, which resulted in political compromise between plebeians and patricians. It was a violent struggle between the patricians and plebeians, won by the plebeians. It was a violent struggle between the patricians and plebeians in which the patricians forced the plebeians into slavery.

It was a peaceful struggle between the patricians and plebeians, which resulted in political compromise between plebeians and patricians.

What was the Twelve Tables? Question options: It was the meeting place of the Roman Senate. It was a guide to religious Roman practices. It was the only place in Rome where patricians and plebeians could meet together. It was the first formal codification of Roman law.

It was the first formal codification of Roman law.

What was the Roman imperium? Question options: It was the duties the Roman citizens owed to the gods. It was the right of the government to collect taxes. It was the power to command Roman citizens. It was the name of Roman children's favorite board game.

It was the power to command Roman citizens.

The common Greek spoken in the Hellenistic world is called ____________. Question options: Koine Greek Attic Greek Doric Greek Latin

Koine Greek

Who was the Roman historian who related the mythological stories of the founding of Rome? Question options: Livy Tacitus Seneca Herodotus

Livy

In the early Republic, what were the branches of Roman government? Question options: Magistrates, Senate, Citizen Assemblies Dictator, Consuls, Senate Emperor, Senate, Governors Senate, House of Representatives, President

Magistrates, Senate, Citizen Assemblies

All of the following are a characteristics of a pagan worldview except ______. Question options: The gods are impersonal forces of nature. The gods are unpredictable. The gods are dangerous and malevolent. Nature is the creation of God, not God. It is orderly and operates by natural laws set in place by the Creator.

Nature is the creation of God, not God. It is orderly and operates by natural laws set in place by the Creator.

From where did the Carthaginians originate? Question options: Phoenician Tyre northern Italy southern Gaul Eastern Africa

Phoenician Tyre

In most ancient pagan, or mythological, worldviews (such as those of the Babylonians or ancient Greeks), which of the following is common in their "creation" or origin stories Question options: Primordial gods and goddesses, such as Sky, Earth, and Water, were pre-existing, but gave rise to other gods and goddesses. The universe was created ex nihilo (out of nothing). There were no gods or goddesses because the ancient peoples were atheists. Most ancient pagan civilizations believed that space aliens visited and colonized the earth.

Primordial gods and goddesses, such as Sky, Earth, and Water, were pre-existing, but gave rise to other gods and goddesses.

Regarding citizenship, which of the following is correct? Question options: Roman citizenship was restricted to Italian peoples. Rome frequently offered citizenship to conquered people. All residents in Rome could vote, including illegal aliens. The Romans reserved citizenship for small, select groups of loyal Romans, while the Greeks were offered citizenship to all immigrants.

Rome frequently offered citizenship to conquered people.

What resulted from the First Punic War? Question options: The Carthaginians were forced to withdraw from Spain. The Carthaginians were forced to withdraw from Sicily and pay an indemnity to Rome. Sicily gained its independence from both Rome and Carthage. Rome was forced to relinquish its Mediterranean claims.

The Carthaginians were forced to withdraw from Sicily and pay an indemnity to Rome.

Which of the follow is true of the government of Republican Rome? Question options: The Roman army was the supreme authority during the Republic. Roman senators were elected by the Roman citizens to represent the plebeian class. The Romans gave significant power to their magistrates to make decisions for the city. Magistrates were elected but served for life

The Romans gave significant power to their magistrates to make decisions for the city.

Which is true of the Senate and the Citizen Assemblies? Question options: The Senate represented the commoners and the Citizen Assemblies represented the aristocracy. The Senate represented the Aristocracy and the Citizen Assemblies represented the commoners (Middle Class) and the military. The Senate elected Tribunes and the Citizen Assemblies elected Consuls. The Roman Senate refused to share any political duties with the Citizen Assemblies.

The Senate represented the Aristocracy and the Citizen Assemblies represented the commoners (Middle Class) and the military.

Which of the following describes the mythological (pagan) worldview (characteristic of the ancient Phoenicians, Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans)? Question options: There is one transcendent God who created nature. There are no gods (there is only the natural, material world). The gods were personifications of the forces of nature. Nature is only the creation of God, and not God Himself.

The gods were personifications of the forces of nature.

The Augurs of ancient Rome were tasked with which of the following? Question options: They kept wine for sacred ceremonies. They recorded the transcripts of Roman trials They interpreted signs they believed were sent to humans by the gods. They were in charge of the Roman water supply.

They interpreted signs they believed were sent to humans by the gods.

What was the origin of the Hellenistic Kingdoms? Question options: They grew from colonies founded by the Athenians. They were the successor states that developed after the fragmentation of Alexander's Macedonian Empire. The Hellenistic Kingdoms were founded by the Trojans after they lost their war with the Greeks. The Hellenistic Kingdoms were founded by the Carthaginians prior to the Punic Wars.

They were the successor states that developed after the fragmentation of Alexander's Macedonian Empire.

Rome was located on the banks of the ____________, Question options: Tiber River Euphrates River Po River Rhine River

Tiber River

Why did Rome intervene in the eastern Mediterranean, such as its several military campaigns against the Hellenistic Kingdom of Macedonia or its campaign against the Seleucid Kingdom? Question options: Rome increasingly fought pre-emptive wars against growing military powers. Rome intervened in order to defend the Greek cities such as Athens. Rome was directly attacked by Macedonia, this it had to respond. a and b only

a and b only Rome increasingly fought pre-emptive wars against growing military powers. Rome intervened in order to defend the Greek cities such as Athens.

In Roman law, the term justus refers to __________. Question options: the requirement that all Roman citizens must have an equitable share of Rome's wealth and property a moral righteousness that must undergird all laws the trend toward socialism that was part of the Late Roman Republic the concept that only those born of Italian ancestry could expect fair treatment under Roman law

a moral righteousness that must undergird all laws

Civilization would be defined as: Question options: a community where citizens enjoy political freedom and prosperity, and which tend to be at peace with their neighbors. a society that has a stable agricultural base, which allows for specialized occupations, besides food production, that benefit the whole community. a hunter/gatherer or small village society where the whole village participates in hunting animals or gathering herbs from the environment. all of the above describe civilization.

a society that has a stable agricultural base, which allows for specialized occupations, besides food production, that benefit the whole community.

Which of the following peoples are associated with the "worship" of Baal and Molech? Question options: Canaanites Carthaginians Romans both a and b

a) Canaanites b) Carthaginians

Which of the following is a characteristic of a pagan worldview and pagan practices? Question options: nature and the forces of nature are associated with gods or spirits pagan "worship" is a type of magic intended to control the forces of nature or the spirits they believed inhabited nature pagan divinities were capricious and malevolent all of the above are characteristics of a pagan worldview and practices

all of the above are characteristics of a pagan worldview and practices

Pagan "worship" may be described by which of the following statements? Question options: Acting out the myth, or story, of a god or goddess Ritual magical practices to guarantee success in harvest or to avoid disasters gods and goddesses are identified with the forces of nature all of the above are describe pagan "worship"

all of the above are describe pagan "worship"

The Hellenistic Kingdom of Egypt was ruled by _________. Question options: ancient Egyptian kings and queens descendants of Alexander's Macedonian general Ptolemy Greeks from Athens and Sparta who introduced democracy into the Hellenistic lands Carthaginians who fled Carthage after the Third Punic War

descendants of Alexander's Macedonian general Ptolemy

In their struggle with the patricians, Roman plebeians employed which of the following tactics? Question options: allying themselves with the Etruscans open civil war formation of popular assemblies to lobby for more political reforms all of these are correct

formation of popular assemblies to lobby for more political reforms

According to the textbook, the Romans' greatest strength was: Question options: government, law, and engineering philosophy and scientific knowledge warfare and military organization religious beliefs and temple construction

government, law, and engineering

Which of the following is a distinctive characteristic of civilization (as defined in class)? Question options: hunting language music metalurgy

metalurgy

In pagan religion generally, the gods and goddesses are best described as _________. Question options: personal gods and goddesses personifications of the forms and forces of nature unchanging and trustworthy all of the above correctly describe the nature of pagan gods and goddesses

personifications of the forms and forces of nature

As Rome expanded, it became the policy to govern the provinces with officials known as Question options: consuls quaestors proconsuls tribunes

proconsuls

Among the dangerous military innovations of Marius threatening the Republic was his Question options: use of Greek mercenaries. recruitment of destitute volunteers who swore an oath of allegiance only to him. theft the state treasury's tax revenues to buy weapons. proclamation of himself as dictator for life. All of these are correct.

recruitment of destitute volunteers who swore an oath of allegiance only to him.

At the Battle of Cannae the Romans: Question options: defeated the army of Hannibal won a great naval victory, giving them control of the Pillars of Hercules captured and sacked the city of Carthage suffered a devastating defeat by Hannibal's Carthaginian army

suffered a devastating defeat by Hannibal's Carthaginian army

What did Polybius see as the key to the success of the Roman army during the period of the early Republic? Question options: the pool of slaves available to support the army the advanced technology available to the army the sheer size of the army the fact that it was a citizen army

the fact that it was a citizen army

The Roman Dictator Question options: was the spokesman for the plebeian order. exercised unlimited power for a period of usually two years. was responsible for getting Rome involved in the Punic Wars. was a temporary executive during the Republic.

was a temporary executive during the Republic.