Osmosis

Flaccid

The condition a plant cell is in when placed in an isotonic solution where the cell membrane begins to move away from the cell wall.

How do cells react when placed in a solution?

The direction of diffusion and osmosis is determined by the concentration gradient. Plant and animal cells behave differently bc plants have a large water vacuole and a cell wall.

How does the concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?

The greater the concentration gradient, the greater the rate of diffusion becomes.

How does temperature effect the rate of diffusion?

The higher the temp, the greater rate of diffusion because molecules are moving faster.

How does the number of transport proteins effect the rate of diffusion?

The more transport proteins, the greater the rate of diffusion.

Osmosis

The movement of water ACROSS A MEMBRANE from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

What happens to cells placed in an isotonic solution?

The movement of water into the cell is equal to the movement of water out of the cell.

What determines the direction of osmosis?

The concentration of solutes dissolved in the water.

Isotonic

A solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances in the surrounding solution is equal to the concentration of solutes inside the cell.

Hypertonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution.

Hypotonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution.

Solvent

Does the dissolving.

Hypertonic

Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.

Hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution.

What are the three ways to categorize a solution?

Isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic.

Solutes

Substance dissolved in a solution (sugar).

How does the size of the cell affect the rate of diffusion?

The smaller the cell, the greater the rate of diffusion because the surface area is greater.

What happens to cells placed in Hypertonic solutions?

Water moves though the plasma membrane out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink.

What happens to a cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?

Water moves through the plasma membrane into the cell, causing the cell to expand.

Plasmolyze

When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution; it looses water from the central vacuole and the cell membrane moves very far away from the cell wall.

Crenate

When an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution; it looses it's cytosol and becomes dehydrated (= dehydrated organism)

Lyses

When animal cells are placed in a hypotonic solution; the cytoplasm gains too much water, and the cells explodes.

Turgid

When plant cells are placed in a hypotonic solution; the cell membrane is pressed against the cell wall, and the central vacuole is full (turger pressure)