OTC2.7 - sunscreens

What other physical agent is a major sensitizer in sunscreen?

PABA or Padimate-O can cause contact dermatitis, stinging and drying of skin, yellow staining of clothes

People allergic to sunscreen a myth?

No, some people can be allergic to sun protect ingredients

Salicylates are good sunscreens?

No, weak sunscreens, don't use in high concentrations, they are usually removed by water.

Is there anything special you do when re-applying?

Nothing special, just don't let it sweat off immediately.

How do make up products have sunscreen ingredients

cosmetics are classified as cosmetics as long as "no therapeutic claims" are made and their product is intended for "non-therapeutic, non physiological purpose" If it has a property, its on the label

Skin cancer maintenance tips

cover exposed parts with band aids skin cancer can be removed off of the nose

What types of sunscreens are more resistant to water.

cream based, rather than alcohol based.

How do we protect lips

differ in ingredients in UVA/UVB spectrum skiing, tropics, beach, etc. carry most of the same labeling cold sores protected by SPF prevents drying, burning prevents cold sore development

What are the rules regarding combination products for SPF

each ingredient must have a minimum SPF of > 2, and total SPF must be at minimum (# of ingredients x 2) 3 is usually about the most common. each agent has to contribute, cant be there just for marketing.

If you have 3 ingredients, what is the minimum SPF?

6

Do tan accelerators work?

no evidence, they are not sunscreen

What is the "final rule" for sunscreen use.

non-water resistant applied at least every 2 hours water resistant = 40 or 80 rule 15 minutes before not in the water, than go with 2 hour rule.

What are other sun-induced skin disorders

photodermatoses photo-toxicity (anti-infectives can cause this - lots of drugs)

How does UVR affect aging?

premature aging, wrinkles, etc.

Safety considerations/adverse reactions

rash/hives (labeling may say stop if skin rash occurs) skin peeling

If our minimum recommendation is SPF 15, but patient is non-compliant, how should we counsel?

recommend SPF 30 knowing they will use it like SPF 15

What is the minimum we recommend for SPF?

15 ... honestly efficacy wise it is fine, the problem is the way we use it.

When should we apply sunscreen?

15-30 minutes before Biggest issue is we do it right when we are in the sun, not 15-30 minutes before. This is bad.

What is the normal size of a tube?

4 to 8 oz.

Bull frog is known for what

Adult marketing

New rule (2012) for sunscreen labeling

All have drug facts on them now. Instruct consumers to wear a water resistant product while swimming or sweating Max SPF = 50+ Lack of evidence with SPF values over 50 are better. 98% at 50.

What can induce photo-sensitivity?

Anti-biotics

How much sunscreen should we put on?

Apply it as liberally as possible. Should use the whole tube over a weekend. Need to reapply through out the day. Most people don't do any of this.

What do we need to note for neutrogena products?

Avoid SPF 100+, know 50 (98%) is as high as you should be going

Avobenzones are what?

Broad spectrum - UVA range This is the one to look for if wanting broad spectrum Best UVA protection Usually in combination

What are the cinnamates and what should we note of them?

Cinoxate Octocrylene Octinoxate People having a reaction to these, they don't adhere well to the skin, rely on vehicle for substantivity.

Can you avoid the sun on a cloudy day?

Clouds - actually make it worse, they filter the rays.

How do we select a product?

Depends on intended use, skin type, history. Rarely burn = 15/30 burn easily = 30/50 if plain skin, look for one with more substantivity If dark skin, still need some protection (15) Dry skin is exacerbated with alcohol caution acne.

How do fake tans work?

Dihydroxyacetone - pigmenting agent orange stains need to exfoliate first Get those knees and elbows lighter than the rest, sticks in those crevices has a distinct odor

What are some benzophenones and what are they used for?

Dioxybenzone Oxybenzone Primarily UVB, some UVA Oxy = sensitizing agent

Describe chemical sunscreens

Everything that is not physical

What is bain de soleil?

Exotic, below SPF 15, marketed as tanning product, not sunscreen.

What is the literal dosing for sunscreen

Face and neck = 1/2 teaspoon Arms and shoulders = 1/2 teaspoon each side of body Torso = 1/2 teaspoon to front and back Legs and top of feet = teaspoon to each side of the body.

What does neutrogena target?

Females

UV-C

Filtered by ozone

Who can avoid the sun?

For < 6 month old children, just stay out of sun - you can't wear sunscreen.

Describe sunburn?

It is UVR, superficial usual, superficial partial-thickness to full-thickness.

How long should the tube typically last then?

Less than a day if we re-apply

How do we broadly dose the sunscreen?

Liberally, exposed areas, reapply as often as label recommends READ LABEL 15 to 30 minutes before UV exposure, then every "x" amount of time, some even 15 to 30 minutes. If you swim, sweat, etc. = re-apply

How do we measure UVR protection?

MED - minimum erythema dose The minimum radiation that would cause erythema at a site Take this, and divide it by the MED of unprotected skin.

What does higher SPF mean?

More effective to a point SPF 15 = 93% SPF 30 = 96.7% 50 is the highest you can really fine. SPF 70 = 98.6

UVA protection is underwhelming right now, why?

Most sunscreen SPF focuses on UVB, however there are new rules regarding broad spectrum.

How does the substantivity of sunscreen work?

Need to know how long it lasts Some are waterproof, but this is a little deceptive, should be water resistant. Can retain 40 or 80 minutes and should tell you to re-apply every "x" amount of time. Need to re-apply when you come out of the water.

What is SPF 15 and up good for?

Reduce risk of skin cancer and early skin aging

How do the physical sunscreens work?

Scatter UV radiation, don't absorb good for small areas very occlusive, if you use it over a large body part, it will trap dirt, sweat, everything. Can cause heat rash nose, ears, back, etc. not all over the face. Can see a lot in kids.

UV-B

Sunburn highest intensity of sun during the day is 10-4 (10-2 is what is the norm)

Hawaiian tropic is known for?

Tanning, but not just tanning use to use baby oil and iodine.

Coppertone has a few products?

They have a lot of products, including a stick to use on the face (don't spray the face)

Describe sunglasses types

UVA and UVB protection. 95/60 in normal 99/60 forms as well.

Helioplex is a neutrogena product that has what?

UVA/UVB

What is SPF 2-14 good for?

UVB protection only - tanning oils - if product is not broad spectrum, has skin cancer/skin aging alert

tanning

UVR stimulates melanin generation, a protective mechanism. It does not protect against future sunburns however.

What is UVR?

Ultraviolet radiation

Non-pharmacological methods of sun protection

Wear clothes Some clothes has SPF protection Construction workers are really covered up A big brim hat > sports cap Sunglasses

Are sprays okay?

When using sprays, make sure you get good coverage. Advantage is you don't have to rub, but it's hard to get all the spots.

Do girls have protection in their make up?

Yes

Does banana boat have lip products?

Yes

Is UVR cumulative over a lifetime?

Yes

Are sunglasses always good?

You can damage your eyes if you wear them all the time.

UV-A

augments UVB tanning booth, sunbed starts premature aging

What is the best coverage for UVA or UVB?

avobenzone or ecamsule or these two together. 2 you want in combination product to give you good coverage.

What kind of spectrum does ecamsule have?

broad

What are physical sunscreens?

white stuff on the nose. generally opaque some are disappearing now

what are the two big physical agents

zinc oxide titanium dioxide

What is about the overall amount of sunscreen we use ?

~1 oz