Our Ocean

which of the following is an eastern boundary current

canary current

One of the driving forces of atmospheric circulation is:

earth's uneven solar heating

el Nino results due to an interruption of flow of the ___ current in the pacific

equatorial

which of the following is one way to increase seawater salinity

evaporation

the period of wind waves is usually expressed in __

feet or meters

Water rushing into an enclosed area because of the rise in sea level as a tide crest approaches is called ____.

flood current

The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?

from northeast to southwest

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the Northern Hemisphere?

from northeast to southwest

the prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the southern hemisphere

from northwest to southeast

The polar easterly winds blow in which of the following directions in the southern Hemisphere?

from southeast to northwest

The trade winds blow in which of the following directions in the southern Hemisphere?

from southeast to northwest

the prevailing westerly winds blow in which of the following directions in the northern hemisphere

from southwest to northeast

Winds generally move across the United States:

from west to east

a tsunami may result from

tectonic activity on the seafloor

The ocean is stratified with respect to

temperature and salinity

earth's rotation influences currents by a "force" known as ___

the Coriolis Effect

which of the following best defines heat capacity

the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Cold currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce arid conditions.

toward the equator; western

The dependable surface winds of Earth centered at about 15° north and south latitudes are called the ____.

trade winds

Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.

wind; the Coriolis effect and land

The primary force responsible for surface currents is ____.

wind

which of the following is a western boundary current

Brazil current

according to the figure showing global wind belts and boundaries, the westerlies wind belt are in/at

30 to 60 degrees

the average salinity of the world ocean is about

35%

what is the latitude for the trade winds?

5-30 degrees

about what percentage does water expand when it freezes

9%

which statement is true concerning a lunar day

A lunar day represents the time between when the moon is highest in the sky and the next time it is highest in the sky.

What allows ice to float?

Density of ice is lower than the density of liquid water

which circulation cells are between 30 and 60 degrees latitude

Ferrell cell

the largest of the western boundary currents is the

Gulf Stream

which statement best characterizes neap tides

Neap tides occur when the moon, Earth and sun form a right angle.

Where do most tsunamis occur?

Pacific Ocean

Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: the temperatures across the Atlantic at different latitudes are much higher in Europe than in North American because of the effects of heat transfer from the gulf stream

The assertion and the reason are both correct, and the reason is valid.

what is thermal inertia

The propensity for a substance to resist temperature changes

which of the following statements is true about an ekman spiral

an ekman spiral is not influenced by the Coriolis Effect

constructive interference in waves can cause

an occasional wave greater than any noted before or after its occurrence

Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:

be deflected toward the east

In shallow water, the motion of water particles

becomes a back-and-forth motion near the bottom

when liquid water gets below 4C, it

begins to decrease in density by expanding

Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are:

broad and slow

Currents tend to move in large ____ patterns in the northern hemisphere

clockwise

Compared to an eastern boundary current in a gyre, which of the following statements is true for a western boundary current?

deeper currents, increased current velocity, warmer water, and narrower current are all true of western boundary currents

deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ____, which surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ____

differences in salinity and temperature; wind and the Coriolis Effect

A tide pattern of one high and one low each day describes a

dinural tide

The side of the Earth facing the moon will experience a high tide, while the opposite side of the Earth will have a:

high tide also

In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is:

higher than other liquids

When the sun, moon, and Earth are all in a line, the ____.

highest high and lowest low tides will occur

what type of bond enables water molecules to stick together

hydrogen bond

Heat can be carried to the polar regions ____.

in ocean currents from the tropics

density ____ as temperature ____ because the molecules lose energy and slow down, so the same number of molecules occupy less space

increases; decreases

the density of seawater increases when the salinity _____ and when the temperature _____

increases; increases

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0C. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

it reminds constant until the ice melts, then it begins to rise

Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents.

larger; slower

warm air is _____ dense, so it ______. Cool air is ______ dense; so it ______.

less; rises; more; sinks

water particles in a deep-water wave ___

move in circular orbits

if you were standing on top of a high mid-pacific island at 15 degrees north latitude, from which direction would you expect the wind to come?

northeast

the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule tend to bond to

oxygen atoms of another water molecule

Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of

polarity of water molecules

Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions.

poleward; eastern

the density of seawater will increase when

salinity increases

a tsunami is considered to be a

shallow water wave

the two most abundant elements (ions) dissolved in seawater are

sodium and chloride

Upwelling areas are ____.

sometimes depleted of nutrients during El Niño years

when an ENSO event occurs, warm equatorial waters flow ___ in the equatorial pacific

south

The type of tide associated with the full and new moons are:

spring tides

which of the following statements is true of surface ocean currents

surface currents form circular patterns in the major ocean basins called "gyres"

the fetch refers to

the distance over which the wind blows without interruption

which of the following best describes latent heat

the energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold molecules in place

the primary forces that cause tides in the sea are

the gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun

The Principle of Constant Proportions states that:

the relative concentrations of the major ions in seawater does not change.

When a tsunami reaches shore,

the wave height greatly increases

the ekman spiral is caused by

the wind and the Coriolis effect.

there are ___ major atmospheric circulation cells in each hemisphere of earth

three

the difference between high water and lower water is the

tidal range

As a result of the Coriolis effect in the northern hemisphere, winds always are deflected:

to the right of their original direction

the Coriolis effect causes objects moving in the northern hemisphere to veer off course ___

to the right, or clockwise when viewed from above

gyres move in a clockwise rotation in the northern hemisphere delivering ____ surface currents along the east coast and ____ surface currents along the west coast of continents

warm; cool

when waves approach the shore, a series of changes takes place. one change is that the

wave crest becomes peaked

the vertical distance between a wave crest and a wave trough is called the

wave height

the ratio of wave height to wavelength is called the

wave steepness

in deep water waves the water depth is greater than the ___ divided by two

wavelength

the distance measured from trough to trough or crest to crest of a wave is called the

wavelength

the horizontal distance between wave crest to crest is called the

wavelength

the longer the ____, the faster a deep-water wave travels

wavelength

the speed of a deep-water wave is proportional to

wavelength

The speed of a deep-water wave is proportional to _____ while the speed of a shallow-water wave is proportional to ____

wavelength; wave depth

the Gulf Stream is an example of which of the following types of currents

western boundary current

Generally the fastest and deepest ocean currents are:

western boundary currents

how does water dissolve sodium chloride (NaCl)

when seawater evaporates, its ionic components combine to dissolve table salt

Slack water occurs ____.

when the current is changing direction