Oxford 5000 part 1

college (noun)

(in Britain) a place where students go to study or to receive training after they have left school;; (in the US) a university where students can study for a degree after they have left school;; a place where you can study for higher or more specialist qualifications after you finish high school;; one of the separate institutions that some British universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge, are divided into;; (in the US) one of the main divisions of some large universities;; the teachers and/or students of a college;; a secondary school, especially one where you must pay;; an organized group of professional people with special interests, duties or powers

connected (adjective)

(of two or more things or people) having a link between them

altogether (adverb)

(used to emphasize something) completely; in every way;; used to give a total number or amount;; used to introduce a summary when you have mentioned a number of different things

billion (number)

1 000 000 000; one thousand million;; a very large amount;; 1 000 000 000 000; one million million

erect (adjective)

in a vertical position;; larger than usual, stiff and standing up because of sexual excitement

extensively (adverb)

in a way that covers a large area;; in a way that includes or deals with a wide range of information;; to a large degree; a great amount

critically (adverb)

in a way that expresses disapproval of somebody/something and says what you think is bad about them;; in a way that is extremely important because a future situation will be affected by it;; in a way that is serious, uncertain and possibly dangerous;; in a way that involves making fair, careful judgements about the good and bad qualities of somebody/something;; in a way that is connected with the judgement of critics of art, music, literature, etc.

correctly (adverb)

in a way that is accurate or true, without any mistakes;; in a way that is right and suitable, so that something is done as it should be done;; in a way that follows the accepted standards or rules

accordingly (adverb)

in a way that is appropriate to what has been done or said in a particular situation;; for that reason

emotionally (adverb)

in a way that is connected with people's feelings (= with the emotions);; in a way that causes people to feel strong emotions

accurately (adverb)

in a way that is correct and true in every detail;; in an exact way;; hitting or reaching the thing that was aimed at

clearly (adverb)

in a way that is easy to see or hear;; in a way that is sensible and easy to understand;; used to emphasize that what you are saying is obvious and true

adequately (adverb)

in a way that is enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need

barely (adverb)

in a way that is just possible but only with difficulty;; in a way that almost does not happen or exist;; just; certainly not more than (a particular amount, age, time, etc.);; only a very short time before

additionally (adverb)

in a way that is more than was first mentioned or is usual

continually (adverb)

in a way that is repeated many times so that it is annoying;; in a way that continues without interruption

appropriately (adverb)

in a way that is suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances

effectively (adverb)

in a way that produces the intended result or a successful result;; used when you are saying what the facts of a situation are

desperately (adverb)

in a way that shows you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or others;; extremely, especially when talking about bad situations;; very much, especially when talking about difficult or bad situations

angrily (adverb)

in a way that shows you have strong feelings about something that you dislike very much or about an unfair situation

besides (preposition)

in addition to somebody/something; apart from somebody/something

else (adverb)

in addition to something already mentioned;; different;; if not;; used to introduce the second of two possibilities;; used to threaten or warn somebody

also (adverb)

in addition; too

completely (adverb)

in every way possible

entirely (adverb)

in every way possible; completely

elementary (adjective)

in or connected with the first stages of a course of study;; of the most basic kind;; very simple and easy

between (preposition)

in or into the space separating two or more points, objects, people, etc.;; in the period of time that separates two days, years, events, etc.;; at some point along a scale from one amount, weight, distance, etc. to another;; separating one place from another;; from one place to another;; used to show a connection or relationship;; shared by two or more people or things;; by putting together the efforts or actions of two or more people or groups;; used to show that several activities are involved

abroad (adverb)

in or to a foreign country;; being talked about or felt by many people;; outside; outdoors

beneath (adverb)

in or to a lower position than somebody/something

behalf (noun)

in order to help somebody;; as the representative of somebody or instead of them;; in order to help somebody;; because of somebody; for somebody

amid (preposition)

in the middle of or during something, especially something that causes excitement or fear;; surrounded by something

basically (adverb)

in the most important ways, without considering things that are less important;; used when you are giving your opinion or stating what is important about a situation

adolescent (adjective)

in the process of developing from a child into an adult

elsewhere (adverb)

in, at or to another place

everywhere (adverb)

in, to or at every place; all places

downtown (adjective)

in, towards or typical of the centre of a city, especially its main business area

comprehensive (adjective)

including all, or almost all, the items, details, facts, information, etc., that may be concerned;; designed for students of all abilities in the same school

entire (adjective)

including everything, everyone or every part

entertaining (adjective)

interesting and amusing

engaging (adjective)

interesting or pleasant in a way that attracts your attention

cooperative (adjective)

involving doing something together or working together with others towards a shared aim;; helpful by doing what you are asked to do;; owned and run by the people involved, with the profits shared by them

creative (adjective)

involving the use of skill and the imagination to produce something new or a work of art;; having the skill and ability to produce something new, especially a work of art; showing this ability

armed (adjective)

involving the use of weapons;; carrying a weapon, especially a gun;; knowing something or carrying something that you need in order to help you to perform a task;; having many weapons

balanced (adjective)

keeping or showing a balance so that different things or different parts of something exist in equal or correct amounts

aware (adjective)

knowing or realizing something;; noticing that something is present, or that something is happening;; interested in and knowing about something, and thinking it is important

awareness (noun)

knowing something; knowing that something exists and is important; being interested in something

authentic (adjective)

known to be real and genuine and not a copy;; true and accurate;; made to be exactly the same as the original

ease (noun)

lack of difficulty;; the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable without worries, problems or pain;; used as a command to soldiers to tell them to stand with their feet apart and their hands behind their backs;; relaxed and confident and not nervous or embarrassed;; feeling uncomfortable and embarrassed;; to make somebody feel relaxed and confident, not nervous or embarrassed;; to do or say something to make somebody stop worrying about something

failure (noun)

lack of success in doing or achieving something;; a person or thing that is not successful;; an act of not doing something, especially something that you are expected to do;; the state of not working correctly or as expected; an occasion when this happens;; a situation in which a business has to close because it is not successful;; a situation in which crops do not grow correctly and do not produce food

countryside (noun)

land outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, etc.

big (adjective)

large in size, degree, amount, etc.;; older;; important; serious;; needing a lot of effort, money or time to succeed;; popular with the public; successful;; enthusiastic about somebody/something;; doing something often or to a large degree;; kind or generous;; to be/become too proud of yourself; to behave as if you are more important than you really are;; an important and powerful person, especially in an organization;; the most important person or thing;; an important person (in a small community);; a weak man, who is not brave or confident;; the ability to keep moving ahead of your competitors, especially in politics;; an important person;; the situation as a whole;; the use or threat of force or power;; the three, four, etc. most important countries, people, companies, etc.;; used to say that somebody has been greedy by taking more food than they can eat;; to show your approval of somebody by clapping your hands; to be applauded in this way;; to have more important or more interesting things to do;; to be bad at keeping secrets;; to talk too much, especially about your own abilities and achievements;; on a large/small scale;; to make something seem more important than it really is;; used when you realize that you have said something that you should not have said;; so important to the economy of a country that when it finds itself in financial trouble, the government or central bank must act to save it

chronic (adjective)

lasting for a long time; difficult to cure or get rid of;; having had a disease for a long time;; very bad

brief (adjective)

lasting only a short time; short;; using few words;; short and not covering much of the body;; in a few words, without details

after (preposition)

later than something; following something in time;; used to show that something happens many times or continuously;; behind somebody when they have left; following somebody;; next to and following somebody/something in order or importance;; in contrast to something;; as a result of or because of something that has happened;; despite something; although something has happened;; trying to find or catch somebody/something;; about somebody/something;; in the style of somebody/something; following the example of somebody/something;; happening or done later than the time or event mentioned;; despite what has been said or expected;; used when you are explaining something, or giving a reason;; to be going to do something soon; to be intending to do something soon;; to have just done something

dangerous (adjective)

likely to injure or harm somebody, or to damage or destroy something;; a situation or subject that is likely to make somebody angry, or that involves risk

camping (noun)

living in a tent, etc. on holiday/vacation

alive (adjective)

living; not dead;; full of emotion, excitement, activity, etc.;; continuing to exist;; full of living or moving things;; aware of something; knowing something exists and is important;; very active, healthy or popular;; to make something interesting;; to become interesting and exciting;; to become busy and full of activity;; to show interest in something and become excited about it;; to criticize or punish somebody severely because you are extremely angry with them;; to defeat somebody completely in an argument, a competition, etc.;; to bite somebody many times

eastern (adjective)

located in the east or facing east;; connected with the part of the world that is to the east of Europe

dear (adjective)

loved by or important to somebody;; used at the beginning of a letter before the name or title of the person that you are writing to;; expensive; costing a lot of money;; having a lot of importance and interest for somebody;; used to describe somebody in a way that shows affection;; as hard or as fast as possible;; to care very much for somebody/something; to value somebody/something highly;; your close family and friends

beloved (adjective)

loved very much by somebody; very popular with somebody;; loved very much

concrete (adjective)

made of concrete;; based on facts, not on ideas or guesses;; a concrete object is one that you can see and feel

complicated (adjective)

made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand

complex (adjective)

made of many different things or parts that are connected; difficult to understand;; containing one main part (= the root of a word or main clause of a sentence) and one or more other parts (called affixes or subordinate clauses )

artificial (adjective)

made or produced to copy something natural; not real;; created by people; not happening naturally;; not what it appears to be

annoying (adjective)

making somebody feel slightly angry

disturbing (adjective)

making you feel anxious and upset or shocked

awkward (adjective)

making you feel embarrassed;; difficult to deal with;; not convenient;; difficult or dangerous because of its shape or design;; not moving in an easy way; not comfortable

comfortable (adjective)

making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, etc.;; feeling physically relaxed in a pleasant way; warm enough, without pain, etc.;; confident and not worried or afraid;; having enough money to buy what you want without worrying about the cost;; quite large; allowing you to win easily

embarrassing (adjective)

making you feel shy, awkward or ashamed;; causing somebody to look stupid, dishonest, etc.

depressing (adjective)

making you feel very sad and without enthusiasm

corresponding (adjective)

matching or connected with something that you have just mentioned

cloth (noun)

material made by weaving or knitting cotton, wool, silk, etc.;; a piece of cloth, often used for a special purpose, especially cleaning things or covering a table;; used to refer to Christian priests as a group;; to do only what you have enough money to do and no more

fabric (noun)

material made by weaving wool, cotton, silk, etc., used for making clothes, curtains, etc. and for covering furniture;; the basic structure of a society, an organization, etc. that enables it to function successfully;; the basic structure of a building, such as the walls, floor and roof

beef (noun)

meat that comes from a cow;; a complaint

cash (noun)

money in the form of coins or notes/bills;; money in any form;; with immediate payment of cash;; if you pay for goods and services cash in hand, you pay in cash, especially so that the person being paid can avoid paying tax on the amount;; a system of paying for goods when they are delivered

bail (noun)

money that somebody agrees to pay if a person accused of a crime does not appear at their trial. When bail has been arranged, the accused person is allowed to go free until the trial.;; either of the two small pieces of wood on top of each set of three wooden posts (called stumps )

aid (noun)

money, food, etc. that is sent to help countries in difficult situations;; help that you need to perform a particular task;; help that is given to a person;; an object, a machine, etc. that you use to help you do something;; in order to help somebody/something;; used to ask why something is happening

ethic (noun)

moral principles that control or influence a person's behaviour;; a system of moral principles or rules of behaviour;; the branch of philosophy that deals with moral principles

dominant (adjective)

more important, powerful or noticeable than other things;; a dominant gene causes a person to have a particular physical characteristic, for example brown eyes, even if only one of their parents has passed on this gene

excess (noun)

more than is necessary, reasonable or acceptable;; an amount by which something is larger than something else;; the part of an insurance claim that a person has to pay while the insurance company pays the rest;; extreme behaviour that is unacceptable, illegal or immoral

extra (adjective)

more than is usual, expected, or than exists already

additional (adjective)

more than was first mentioned or is usual

especially (adverb)

more with one person, thing, etc. than with others, or more in particular circumstances than in others;; for a particular purpose, person, etc.;; very much; to a particular degree

central (adjective)

most important;; having power or control over other parts;; in the centre of an area or object;; easily reached from many areas;; produced with the centre of the tongue in a higher position than the front or the back, for example /ɜː/ in bird

chief (adjective)

most important;; highest in rank;; of the highest rank

dancing (noun)

moving your body to music

considerably (adverb)

much; a lot

closely (adverb)

near in space or time;; near in family relationship;; having a strong connection;; in a way that shows you are very involved in the work or activities of somebody else, usually seeing and talking to them regularly;; carefully;; in a way that is very similar to somebody/something else;; won or likely to be won by only a small amount or distance;; with little or no space in between;; cut very short, near to the skin

by (preposition)

near somebody/something; at the side of somebody/something; beside somebody/something;; used, usually after a passive verb, to show who or what does, creates or causes something;; used for showing how or in what way something is done;; used before particular nouns without the, to say that something happens as a result of something;; not later than the time mentioned; before;; past somebody/something;; during something; in a particular situation;; used to show the degree or amount of something;; from what something shows or says; according to something;; used to show the part of somebody/something that somebody touches, holds, etc.;; used with the to show the period or quantity used for buying, selling or measuring something;; used to state the rate at which something happens;; used to show the measurements of something;; used when multiplying or dividing;; used for giving more information about where somebody comes from, what somebody does, etc.;; used when swearing to mean 'in the name of'

early (adjective)

near the beginning of a period of time, an event etc.;; belonging to the beginning of a period of history or a cultural movement;; arriving, or done before the usual, expected or planned time;; as soon as possible;; very early in the morning;; a person who gets up, arrives, etc. very early;; the person who takes the opportunity to do something before other people will have an advantage over them;; at an early stage, especially in a game or competition;; to go to bed earlier or later than usual;; used to say that it is too soon to be sure how a situation will develop;; the period of time very early in the morning, soon after midnight

dependent (adjective)

needing somebody/something in order to survive or be successful;; addicted to something (= unable to stop taking or using it);; affected or decided by something

adverse (adjective)

negative and unpleasant; not likely to produce a good result

alongside (adverb)

next to or at the side of somebody/something

beside (preposition)

next to or at the side of somebody/something;; compared with somebody/something;; to not be important or closely related to the main thing you are talking about;; unable to control yourself because of the strength of emotion you are feeling

adjacent (adjective)

next to or near something

dead (adjective)

no longer alive;; no longer believed in or aimed for;; belonging to the past; no longer practised or fashionable;; finished; not able to be used any more;; not working because of a lack of power;; very quiet, without activity or interest;; without activity; with nobody buying or selling anything;; extremely tired; not well;; unable to feel because of cold, etc.;; unable to feel or understand emotions;; showing no emotion;; complete or exact;; never having been alive;; outside the playing area;; to be dead;; to look very like somebody;; completely dead; no longer interesting or valid;; completely dead;; a plan, an event, etc. that has failed or is certain to fail and that is therefore not worth discussing;; an influence that controls or restricts something;; a person or plan that is dead in the water has failed and has little hope of succeeding in the future;; in serious trouble;; (of an accident victim or other patient) already dead when arriving at hospital;; very unlikely to be successful; not working when it is delivered;; fast asleep;; to waste your effort by trying to do something that is no longer possible;; to impress somebody very much;; used to show you are strongly opposed to something;; used to say that you would not like to wear particular clothes, or to be in a particular situation

divorced (adjective)

no longer married;; appearing not to be affected by something; separate from something

blind (adjective)

not able to see;; people who are blind;; not noticing or realizing something;; seeming to be unreasonable, and accepted without question; seeming to be out of control;; that cannot be controlled by reason;; that a driver in a car cannot see, or cannot see around;; that does not distinguish between people on the basis of the quality mentioned, or favour one group over another;; not able to see well;; a situation in which people with almost no experience or knowledge give advice to others who also have no experience or knowledge;; when you love somebody, you cannot see their faults;; not any;; to pretend not to notice something bad that is happening, so you do not have to do anything about it

disappointing (adjective)

not as good, successful, etc. as you had hoped; making you feel disappointed

dirty (adjective)

not clean;; connected with sex in an offensive way;; unpleasant or dishonest;; dull;; using illegal drugs;; to be a subject or an idea that people think is bad or immoral;; (to do) the unpleasant or dishonest jobs that somebody else does not want to do;; to cheat somebody who trusts you; to treat somebody badly or unfairly;; behaving in an unfair or aggressive way, especially because you want to win;; rude and shocking;; to do physical work;; to look at somebody in a way that shows you are annoyed with them;; to discuss your personal affairs in public, especially something embarrassing

bare (adjective)

not covered by any clothes;; not covered with leaves; without plants or trees;; not covered with or protected by anything;; empty;; just enough; the most basic or simple;; the basic facts;; used to say that there is no money for something;; to show something that was covered or to make something known that was secret;; without weapons or tools

easy (adjective)

not difficult; done or obtained without a lot of effort or problems;; comfortable, relaxed and not worried;; open to attack; not able to defend yourself;; pleasant and friendly;; willing to have sex with many different people;; very easy or very easily;; a person that you can easily persuade to do something, especially to give you money.;; money that you get without having to work very hard for it;; pleasant to listen to or look at;; informal; relaxed;; to have no difficulties or problems;; to experience/not experience difficulties when you are doing something; to make things difficult/easy for somebody;; used to say that you do not have a strong opinion when somebody has offered you a choice;; willing to have sex with anyone;; enjoying a comfortable way of life with plenty of money;; a choice which is thought to be easier because it involves less effort, difficulty, etc.;; to end a difficult situation by choosing the simplest solution even if it is not the best one;; close to something

clean (adjective)

not dirty;; having a clean appearance and clean surroundings;; free from harmful or unpleasant substances;; with nothing written on it;; with no changes or mistakes in it;; not offensive or referring to sex; not doing anything that is considered immoral or bad;; not showing or having any record of doing something that is against the law;; not owning or carrying anything illegal such as drugs or weapons;; played or done in a fair way and within the rules;; having a smooth edge, surface or shape; simple and regular;; done in a skilful and accurate way;; tasting, smelling or looking pleasant and fresh;; very clean;; a report that says somebody is healthy or that something is in good condition;; a complete separation from a person, an organization, a way of life, etc.;; a break in a bone in one place;; a record of your work or behaviour that does not show any mistakes or bad things that you have done;; to avoid doing anything wrong or illegal;; to tell the truth about something so that you no longer feel guilty;; to remove all the people or things from an organization that are thought to be unnecessary or need changing;; to win all the prizes or parts of a game or competition; to win an election completely;; to agree to forget about past mistakes or arguments and start again with a relationship

difficult (adjective)

not easy; needing effort or skill to do or to understand;; full of problems; causing a lot of trouble;; not easy to please; not helpful;; to have difficulty doing something;; to cause problems for somebody

calm (adjective)

not excited, nervous or upset;; without large waves;; without wind

careless (adjective)

not giving enough attention and thought to what you are doing, so that you make mistakes;; resulting from a lack of attention and thought;; not at all worried about something;; not showing interest or effort

dishonest (adjective)

not honest; intending to trick people

absent (adjective)

not in a place because of illness, etc.;; not present in something;; showing that you are not really looking at or thinking about what is happening around you

dull (adjective)

not interesting or exciting;; not bright or shiny;; not bright, with a lot of clouds;; not clear or loud;; not very severe, but continuous;; slow in understanding;; not busy; slow;; it is not healthy to spend all your time working; you need to relax too;; extremely boring

boring (adjective)

not interesting; making you feel tired and impatient

almost (adverb)

not quite

arbitrary (adjective)

not seeming to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes seeming unfair;; using power without restriction and without considering other people

crazy (adjective)

not sensible; stupid;; very angry;; very enthusiastic or excited about something;; liking somebody very much; in love with somebody;; mentally ill; insane;; very fast, hard, much, etc.

casual (adjective)

not showing much care or thought; seeming not to be worried; not wanting to show that something is important to you;; without paying attention to detail;; not formal;; not permanent; not done, or doing something regularly;; without deep affection;; happening by chance; doing something by chance

badly (adverb)

not skilfully or not carefully;; not successfully;; not in an acceptable way;; in a way that makes people get a bad opinion about something;; used to emphasize how much you want, need, etc. somebody/something;; used to emphasize how serious a situation or an event is

bent (adjective)

not straight;; not able to stand up straight, usually as a result of being old or ill/sick;; dishonest;; determined to do something (usually something bad);; to become angry, anxious or upset

failed (adjective)

not successful

different (adjective)

not the same as somebody/something; not like somebody/something else;; separate and individual;; unusual; not like other people or things;; to be very different;; a completely different situation or person from the one previously mentioned;; to have information or evidence that the opposite is true;; to behave in a different way from other people; to have different attitudes or ideas;; to have different aims that cannot be achieved together without causing problems;; to change the way that a situation appears;; to change your opinion about somebody/something or your attitude towards somebody/something;; to give some information that is different from what you expect or have been told

dry (adjective)

not wet, damp or sticky; without water or moisture;; with very little rain;; without the natural oils that makes it soft and healthy;; that does not produce any phlegm (= the thick liquid that forms in the nose and throat);; eaten on its own without any butter, jam, etc.;; not sweet;; very clever and expressed in a quiet way that is not obvious; often using irony;; not showing emotion;; not interesting;; without alcohol; where it is illegal to buy, sell or drink alcohol;; thirsty; that makes you thirsty;; to have done something successfully, especially when it was difficult;; to take away all somebody's money;; in a position out of the water;; in a difficult situation, without help or money;; to remain ready for a possible emergency;; to get from somebody/something all the money, help, information, etc. they have, usually giving nothing in return;; used to say that everyone was very emotional about something;; to stop supplying water; to be all used so that none is left;; to get as much money, information, etc. out of somebody as you can

epidemic (adjective)

occurring more and more frequently in a particular place;; with large numbers of cases occurring at the same time in a particular community

decent (adjective)

of a good enough standard or quality;; honest and fair; treating people with respect;; acceptable to people in a particular situation;; wearing enough clothes to allow somebody to see you;; to do what people or society expect, especially in a difficult situation

better (adjective)

of a higher standard or less poor quality; not as bad as something else;; more able or skilled;; more suitable or appropriate;; less ill/sick or unhappy;; fully recovered after an illness; in good health again;; most of something, especially a period of time; more than half of something;; used to say that something should be as big, small, etc. as possible;; you should avoid danger and not take unnecessary risks;; almost or just the same as; almost or just as bad as;; it is better to stop something bad from happening rather than try to deal with the problems after it has happened;; used to give support to somebody who has been upset and is trying to become calmer;; used to praise somebody who has made an effort to improve;; used to say that two people can achieve more than one person working alone

domestic (adjective)

of or inside a particular country; not foreign or international;; used in the home; connected with the home or family;; liking home life; enjoying or good at cooking, cleaning the house, etc.;; kept on farms or as pets; not wild

coastal (adjective)

of or near a coast

aged (adjective)

of the age of;; very old;; very old people

best (adjective)

of the most excellent type or quality;; most enjoyable; happiest;; most suitable or appropriate

civic (adjective)

officially connected with a town or city;; connected with the people who live in a town or city

any more (adverb)

often used at the end of negative sentences and at the end of questions, to mean 'any longer'

beyond (preposition)

on or to the further side of something;; later than a particular time;; more than something;; used to say that something is not possible;; too far or too advanced for somebody/something;; to be impossible for somebody to imagine, understand or do

annually (adverb)

once a year

again (adverb)

one more time; on another occasion;; showing that somebody/something is in the same place or state that they were in originally;; added to an amount that is already there;; used to show that a comment or fact is connected with what you have just said;; used to introduce a fact or an opinion that contrasts with what you have just said;; used when you ask somebody to tell you something or repeat something that you think they have told you already;; from time to time; occasionally;; used to ask somebody to serve you the same drink as before;; often; on many or all occasions

another (determiner)

one more; an extra thing or person;; different; a different person or thing;; a person or thing of a very similar type;; used when you are referring to various types of a thing, without saying exactly what you mean;; first one person or thing, and then another, and then another, up to any number or amount

director (noun)

one of a group of senior managers who run a company;; a person who is in charge of a particular activity or department in a company, a college, etc.;; a person in charge of a film/movie or play who tells the actors and staff what to do

factor (noun)

one of several things that cause or influence something;; a number that divides into another number exactly;; the amount by which something increases or decreases;; a particular level on a scale of measurement;; a substance in the blood that helps the clotting process. There are several types of this substance;; (used especially in newspapers, etc.) the feeling of confidence in the future that is shared by many people

correlate (noun)

one of two or more facts, figures, etc. that are closely connected and affect or depend on each other

either (determiner)

one or the other of two; it does not matter which;; each of two

exclusive (adjective)

only to be used by one particular person or group; only given to one particular person or group;; not very willing to allow new people to become members, especially if they are from a lower social class;; of a high quality and expensive and therefore not often bought or used by most people;; not able to exist or be a true statement at the same time as something else;; not including somebody/something

conservative (adjective)

opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer traditional styles and values;; connected with the British Conservative Party;; lower than what is probably the real amount or number

against (preposition)

opposing or disagreeing with somebody/something;; not to the advantage or favour of somebody/something;; close to, touching or hitting somebody/something;; in order to prevent something from happening or to reduce the damage caused by something;; with something in the background, as a contrast;; used when you are comparing two things;; in contrast with something;; you are unlikely to succeed because the conditions are not good for you

blonde (adjective)

pale gold in colour;; having blonde hair

area (noun)

part of a place, town, etc., or a region of a country or the world;; a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose;; a particular place on an object;; a particular subject or activity, or an aspect of it;; the amount of space covered by a flat surface or piece of land, described as a measurement

consent (noun)

permission to do something, especially given by somebody in authority;; agreement about something;; an official document giving permission for something

artwork (noun)

photographs and pictures prepared for books, magazines, etc.;; a work of art, especially one in a museum

appetite (noun)

physical desire for food;; a strong desire for something

damage (noun)

physical harm caused to something which makes it less attractive, useful or valuable;; harmful effects on somebody/something;; an amount of money that a court decides should be paid to somebody by the person, company, etc. that has caused them harm or injury;; a way of asking how much something costs

exercise (noun)

physical or mental activity that you do to stay healthy or become stronger;; a set of movements or activities that you do to stay healthy or develop a skill;; a set of questions in a book that tests your knowledge or practises a skill;; the use of power, a skill, a quality or a right to make something happen;; an activity that is designed to achieve a particular result;; a set of activities for training soldiers;; ceremonies

debris (noun)

pieces of wood, metal, brick, etc. that are left after something has been destroyed;; rubbish/garbage or pieces of material that are left somewhere and are not wanted

attractive (adjective)

pleasant to look at, especially in a sexual way;; pleasant;; having features or qualities that make something seem interesting and worth having

appreciation (noun)

pleasure that you have when you recognize and enjoy the good qualities of somebody/something;; a full or sympathetic understanding of something, such as a situation or a problem, and of what it involves;; the feeling of being grateful for something;; increase in value over a period of time;; a piece of writing or a speech in which the strengths and weaknesses of somebody/something, especially an artist or a work of art, are discussed and judged

courtesy (noun)

polite behaviour that shows respect for other people;; a polite thing that you say or do when you meet people in formal situations;; with the official permission of somebody/something and as a favour;; given as a prize or provided free by a person or an organization;; as the result of a particular thing or situation;; to be polite by doing the thing that is mentioned;; to know when you should do something in order to be polite

cute (adjective)

pretty and attractive;; sexually attractive;; clever, sometimes in an annoying way because a person is trying to get an advantage for himself or herself

effective (adjective)

producing the result that is wanted or intended; producing a successful result;; in reality, although not officially intended;; coming into use

counselling (noun)

professional advice about a problem

defensive (adjective)

protecting somebody/something against attack;; behaving in a way that shows that you feel that people are criticizing you;; connected with trying to prevent the other team or player from scoring points or goals

asylum (noun)

protection that a government gives to people who have left their own country, usually because they were in danger for political reasons;; a hospital where people who were mentally ill could be cared for, often for a long time

controversy (noun)

public discussion and argument about something that many people strongly disagree about, disapprove of, or are shocked by

clever (adjective)

quick at learning and understanding things;; skilful;; showing intelligence or skill, for example in the design of an object, in an idea or somebody's actions;; quick with words in a way that annoys people or does not show respect;; to act in a clever way to get what you want, sometimes tricking somebody

bit (noun)

rather;; a short time or distance;; a small amount or piece of something;; a part of something larger;; a large amount;; the smallest unit of information used by a computer;; a metal bar that is put in a horse's mouth so that the rider can control it;; a tool or part of a tool for drilling (= making) holes;; an amount of money equal to 12½ cents;; a person's sexual organs;; to be very sad or worried;; behaviour or ideas that are typical of a particular group, type of person or activity;; a piece at a time; gradually;; not fair or not reasonable;; used when talking about unpleasant or negative things or ideas, to mean 'rather a...';; a person that you think is sexually attractive;; a person of a low social class who has a sexual relationship with somebody of a higher class;; the boyfriend or girlfriend of somebody who is already married or in a steady sexual relationship with somebody else;; small objects or items of various kinds;; impatient to do or start doing something;; to do your share of a task;; just as good, bad, etc.; equally good, bad, etc.;; to become very enthusiastic about something that you have started to do so that you are unlikely to stop until you have finished;; not at all; not in any way;; used for saying that something that you had expected to happen did not happen;; not any;; into small pieces;; very much

capability ()

real name Lancelot Brown (1716-83) a British gardener and architect who designed the gardens of many great houses and parks, including Blenheim Palace and Chatsworth. He is famous for designing gardens to look natural rather than formal. He was known as 'Capability' Brown because he told people that their gardens had ‚great capabilities ', meaning that they were capable of being greatly improved in design.

audio (noun)

recorded sound

congressional (adjective)

related to or belonging to a congress or the Congress in the US

clinical (adjective)

relating to the examination and treatment of patients and their illnesses;; cold and calm and without feeling or sympathy;; very plain; without decoration

accountable (adjective)

responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked

disappointment (noun)

sadness because something has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expected or hoped;; a person or thing that is disappointing

apart (adverb)

separated by a distance, of space or time;; not together; separate or separately;; into pieces;; used to say that somebody/something is not included in what you are talking about;; to be widely separated; to have no interests that you share;; to be completely different in attitudes, opinions, etc.;; used to show that you are now being serious after you have said something funny;; to destroy something; to criticize somebody very strongly

closed (adjective)

shut;; shut, especially of a shop/store or public building that is not open for a period of time;; not willing to accept outside influences or new ideas;; limited to a particular group of people; not open to everyone;; without the public being allowed to attend or know what is happening; in private;; a subject or person that you know nothing about

embarrassed (adjective)

shy, awkward or ashamed, especially in a social situation;; not having any money; in a difficult financial situation

embarrassment (noun)

shy, awkward or guilty feelings; a feeling of being embarrassed;; a situation which causes problems for somebody;; a person who causes problems for another person or other people and makes them feel embarrassed;; so many good things that it is difficult to choose just one

broadband (noun)

signals that use a wide range of frequencies;; a way of connecting a computer to the Internet, which allows you to receive information, including pictures, etc., very quickly

comparable (adjective)

similar to somebody/something else and able to be compared

crude (adjective)

simple and not very accurate but giving a general idea of something;; simply made, not showing much skill or attention to detail;; offensive or rude, especially about sex;; in its natural state, before it has been treated with chemicals

asleep (adjective)

sleeping

annoyed (adjective)

slightly angry

elite (adjective)

small in number but powerful and with a lot of influence, because they are rich, intelligent, etc.

example (noun)

something such as an object, a fact or a situation that shows, explains or supports what you say;; a thing that is typical of or represents a particular group or set;; a person or their behaviour that is thought to be a good model for others to copy;; a person's behaviour, either good or bad, that other people copy;; used to emphasize something that explains or supports what you are saying; used to give an example of what you are saying;; to punish somebody as a warning to others not to do the same thing

benchmark (noun)

something that can be measured and used as a standard that other things can be compared with

connection (noun)

something that connects two facts, ideas, etc.;; the act of connecting or the state of being connected;; a point, especially in an electrical system, where two parts connect;; a train, bus or plane at a station or an airport that a passenger can take soon after getting off another in order to continue their journey;; a means of travelling to another place;; a person or an organization that you know and that can help or advise you in your social or professional life;; people who are your relatives, but not members of your close family;; for reasons connected with somebody/something;; for reasons connected with something recently mentioned

entity (noun)

something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity

bond (noun)

something that forms a connection between people or groups, such as a feeling of friendship or shared ideas and experiences;; an agreement by a government or a company to pay you interest on the money you have lent; a document containing this agreement;; a sum of money that is paid as bail;; a legal agreement by which a bank lends you money to buy a house, etc. which you pay back over many years; the sum of money that is lent;; the ropes or chains keeping somebody prisoner; anything that stops you from being free to do what you want;; a legal written agreement or promise;; the way in which two things are joined together;; the way in which atoms are held together in a chemical compound;; somebody's promise can be relied on completely

donation (noun)

something that is given to a person or an organization such as a charity, in order to help them; the act of giving something in this way

concession (noun)

something that you allow or do, or allow somebody to have, in order to end an argument or to make a situation less difficult;; the act of giving something or allowing something; the act of conceding;; a reduction in an amount of money that has to be paid; a ticket that is sold at a reduced price to a particular group of people;; a right or an advantage that is given to a group of people, an organization, etc., especially by a government or an employer;; the right to sell something in a particular place; the place where you sell it, sometimes an area which is part of a larger building or store

conclusion (noun)

something that you decide when you have thought about all the information connected with the situation;; the end of something such as a speech or a piece of writing;; the formal and final arrangement of something official;; if you say that something is a foregone conclusion, you mean that it is a result that is certain to happen;; to make a decision about somebody/something too quickly, before you know or have thought about all the facts

duty (noun)

something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility;; the work that is your job;; tasks that are part of your job;; a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country;; something that you feel you must do; a responsibility which cannot be ignored;; while doing a job;; working/not working at a particular time

comment (noun)

something that you say or write which gives an opinion on or explains somebody/something;; criticism that shows the faults of something;; I have nothing to say about that

answer (noun)

something that you say, write or do to react to a question or situation;; something that you write or say in reply to a question in a test, an exam, an exercise, etc.; the correct reply to a question in a test, etc.;; a solution to a problem;; a person or thing from one place that may be thought to be as good as a famous person or thing from another place;; to be confident that you know something, especially when you actually do not;; to refuse to accept that somebody does not want something, will not do something, etc.

ambition (noun)

something that you want to do or achieve very much;; the desire or determination to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.

compensation (noun)

something, especially money, that somebody gives you because they have hurt you, or damaged something that you own; the act of giving this to somebody;; money that an employee receives for doing their job;; things that make a bad situation better

emphasis (noun)

special importance that is given to something;; the extra force given to a word or phrase when spoken, especially in order to show that it is important; a way of writing a word (for example drawing a line underneath it) to show that it is important

alien (adjective)

strange and frightening; different from what you are used to;; from another country or society; foreign;; not usual or acceptable;; connected with creatures from another world

dramatic (adjective)

sudden, very great and often surprising;; exciting and impressive;; connected with the theatre or plays;; exaggerated in order to create a special effect and attract people's attention

appropriate (adjective)

suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances

definite (adjective)

sure or certain; unlikely to change;; easily or clearly seen or understood; obvious;; sure that something is true or that something is going to happen and stating it to other people

among (preposition)

surrounded by somebody/something; in the middle of somebody/something;; being included or happening in groups of things or people;; used when you are dividing or choosing something, and three or more people or things are involved

conventional (adjective)

tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; normal and ordinary, and perhaps not very interesting;; following what is traditional or the way something has been done for a long time;; not nuclear

credible (adjective)

that can be believed or trusted;; that can be accepted, because it seems possible that it could be successful

accessible (adjective)

that can be reached, entered, used, seen, etc.;; that can be reached, entered, used, etc. by somebody who has problems walking;; easy to understand;; easy to talk to and to get to know

applicable (adjective)

that can be said to be true in the case of somebody/something

encouraging (adjective)

that gives somebody support, courage or hope

broken (adjective)

that has been damaged or injured; no longer whole or working correctly;; ended or destroyed;; not kept;; not continuous; disturbed or interrupted;; made weak and tired by illness or difficulties;; spoken slowly and with a lot of mistakes; not fluent;; having a rough surface;; in a way that keeps repeating a statement or opinion in an annoying way

downstairs (adjective)

that is on a floor of a house or building lower than the one you are on, especially the one at ground level

convincing (adjective)

that makes somebody believe that something is true

compelling (adjective)

that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting;; so strong that you must do something about it;; that makes you think it is true

compulsory (adjective)

that must be done because of a law or a rule

available (adjective)

that you can get, buy or find;; free to see or talk to people

certain (adjective)

that you can rely on to happen or to be true;; firmly believing something; having no doubts;; used to mention a particular thing, person or group without giving any more details about it or them;; used with a person's name to show that the speaker does not know the person;; slight; noticeable, but difficult to describe;; without doubt;; to find out whether something is definitely true;; to do something in order to be sure that something else will happen;; if you talk about a person being of a certain age, you mean that they are no longer young but not yet old

expected (adjective)

that you think will happen

desirable (adjective)

that you would like to have or do; worth having or doing;; causing other people to feel sexual desire

concentration (noun)

the ability to direct all your effort and attention on one thing, without thinking of other things;; the process of people directing effort and attention on a particular thing;; a lot of something in one place;; the amount of a substance in a liquid or in another substance

courage (noun)

the ability to do something dangerous, or to face pain or opposition, without showing fear;; to be/not be brave enough to do what you feel to be right;; to force yourself to be brave enough to do something;; to begin to feel happier and more confident because of something;; to make yourself do something that you are afraid of

competence (noun)

the ability to do something well;; the power that a court, an organization or a person has to deal with something;; a skill that you need in a particular job or for a particular task

energy (noun)

the ability to put effort and enthusiasm into an activity, work, etc.;; the physical and mental effort that you use to do something;; a source of power, such as fuel, used for driving machines, providing heat, etc.;; the ability of matter or radiation to work because of its mass, movement, electric charge, etc.

creativity (noun)

the ability to use skill and imagination to produce something new or to produce art; the act of doing this

acceptance (noun)

the act of accepting a gift, an invitation, an offer, etc.;; the act of agreeing with something and approving of it;; the process of allowing somebody to join something or be a member of a group;; willingness to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation

admission (noun)

the act of accepting somebody into an institution, organization, etc.; the right to enter a place or to join an institution or organization;; a statement in which somebody admits that something is true, especially something wrong or bad that they have done;; the amount of money that you pay to go into a building or to an event

adoption (noun)

the act of adopting a child;; the decision to start using something such as an idea, a plan or a name;; the act of choosing somebody as a candidate for an election

attendance (noun)

the act of being present at a place, for example at school;; the number of people present at an organized event;; to be present at a special event;; to be with or near somebody in order to help them if necessary;; to be with somebody and do things to help and please them;; to check who is present and who is not present at a place and to mark this information on a list of names

contact (noun)

the act of communicating with somebody, especially regularly;; the state of touching something;; the state of meeting somebody or having to deal with something;; an occasion on which you meet or communicate with somebody; a relationship with somebody;; a person that you know, especially somebody who can be helpful to you in your work;; an electrical connection;; a person who may be infectious because he or she has recently been near to somebody with a contagious disease;; a place where you go or a person that you speak to when you are dealing with an organization

destruction (noun)

the act of destroying something; the process of being destroyed

diagnosis (noun)

the act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of an illness or a problem

consultation (noun)

the act of discussing something with somebody or with a group of people before making a decision about it;; a formal meeting to discuss something;; a meeting with an expert, especially a doctor, to get advice or treatment;; the act of looking for information in a book, etc.

dismissal (noun)

the act of dismissing somebody from their job; an example of this;; the failure to consider something as important;; the act of not allowing a trial or legal case to continue, usually because there is not enough evidence;; the act of sending somebody away or allowing them to leave;; the end of the innings of a player or team

encouragement (noun)

the act of encouraging somebody to do something; something that encourages somebody

criticism (noun)

the act of expressing disapproval of somebody/something and opinions about their faults or bad qualities; a statement showing disapproval;; the work or activity of making fair, careful judgements about the good and bad qualities of somebody/something, especially books, music, etc.

conviction (noun)

the act of finding somebody guilty of a crime in court; the fact of having been found guilty;; a strong opinion or belief;; the feeling or appearance of believing something strongly and of being sure about it;; to be/not be brave enough to do what you feel to be right

evaluation (noun)

the act of forming an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully

disposal (noun)

the act of getting rid of something;; the sale of part of a business, property, etc.;; available for use as you prefer/somebody prefers

acquisition (noun)

the act of getting something, especially knowledge, a skill, etc.;; something that somebody buys to add to what they already own, usually something valuable;; a company, piece of land, etc. bought by somebody, especially another company; the act of buying it

extension (noun)

the act of increasing the area of activity, group of people, etc. that is affected by something;; a new room or rooms that are added to a house;; a new part that is added to a building;; an extra period of time allowed for something;; an extra telephone line connected to a central telephone in a house or to a switchboard in a large building. In a large building, each extension usually has its own number;; the act of making something longer or larger; the thing that is made longer and larger;; a part of a college or university that offers courses to students who are not studying full-time; a programme of study for these students;; the set of three letters that are placed after a dot at the end of the name of a file and that show what type of file it is;; taking the argument or situation one stage further

execution (noun)

the act of killing somebody, especially as a legal punishment;; the act of doing a piece of work, performing a duty, or putting a plan into action;; skill in performing or making something, such as a piece of music or work of art;; the act of following the instructions in a legal document, especially those in somebody's will;; a delay in following the order of a court

departure (noun)

the act of leaving a place; an example of this;; a plane, train, etc. leaving a place at a particular time;; an action that is different from what is usual or expected;; a place where a journey starts;; an idea, a theory or an event that is used to start a discussion, an activity, etc.

attention (noun)

the act of listening to, looking at or thinking about something/somebody carefully;; interest that people show in somebody/something;; things that somebody does to try to please you or to show their interest in you;; special care, action or treatment;; the position soldiers take when they stand very straight with their feet together and their arms at their sides

examination (noun)

the act of looking at or considering something very carefully;; a close look at something/somebody, especially to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem

coordination (noun)

the act of making parts of something, groups of people, etc. work together in an efficient and organized way;; the ability to control your movements well

enforcement (noun)

the act of making people obey a particular law or rule

disclosure (noun)

the act of making something known or public that was previously secret or private;; information or a fact that is made known or public that was previously secret or private

activation (noun)

the act of making something such as a device or chemical process start working

deployment (noun)

the act of moving soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action;; the act of using something effectively

exclusion (noun)

the act of preventing somebody/something from entering a place or taking part in something;; a person or thing that is not included in something;; the act of deciding that something is not possible;; a situation in which a child is banned from attending school because of bad behaviour

defence (noun)

the act of protecting somebody/something from attack, criticism, etc.;; something that provides protection against attack from enemies, the weather, illness, etc.;; the organization of the people and systems that are used by a government to protect a country from attack;; something that is said or written in order to support something;; what is said in court to prove that a person did not commit a crime; the act of presenting this argument in court;; the lawyer or lawyers whose job is to prove in court that a person did not commit a crime;; the players who must prevent the other team from scoring; the position of these players on the sports field;; a contest, game, etc. in which the previous winner or winners compete in order to try to win again

expenditure (noun)

the act of spending or using money; an amount of money spent;; the use of energy, time, materials, etc.

delivery (noun)

the act of taking goods, letters, etc. to the people they have been sent to;; the process of giving birth to a baby;; the way in which somebody speaks, sings a song, etc. in public;; a ball that is thrown, especially in cricket or baseball;; a system of paying for goods when they are delivered

consideration (noun)

the act of thinking carefully about something;; something that must be thought about when you are planning or deciding something;; the quality of being sensitive towards others and thinking about their wishes and feelings;; a reward or payment for a service;; as payment for something;; after thinking about something carefully and for a long time;; to think about and include a particular thing or fact when you are forming an opinion or making a decision

exploration (noun)

the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or look for something in it;; an examination of something in order to find out about it

consumption (noun)

the act of using energy, food or materials; the amount used;; the act of buying and using products;; a serious infectious disease of the lungs

collaboration (noun)

the act of working with another person or group of people to create or produce something;; a piece of work produced by two or more people or groups of people working together;; the act of helping the enemy during a war when they have taken control of your country

burial (noun)

the act or ceremony of burying a dead body

conversion (noun)

the act or process of changing something from one form, use or system to another;; the process or experience of changing your religion or beliefs;; a way of scoring extra points after scoring a try or a touchdown;; a building or room that has been changed so that it can be used for a different purpose, especially for living in

completion (noun)

the act or process of finishing something; the state of being finished and complete;; the formal act of completing the sale of property, for example the sale of a house

creation (noun)

the act or process of making something that is new, or of causing something to exist that did not exist before;; a thing that somebody has made, especially something that shows ability or imagination;; the making of the world, especially by God as described in the Bible;; the world and all the living things in it

classification (noun)

the act or process of putting people or things into a group or class (= of classifying them);; a group, class, division, etc. into which somebody or something is put;; the act of putting animals, plants, etc. into groups, classes or divisions according to their characteristics;; a system of arranging books, tapes, magazines, etc. in a library into groups according to their subject

calculation (noun)

the act or process of using numbers to find out an amount;; the process of using your judgement to decide what the results would be of doing something;; careful planning for yourself without caring about other people

breathing (noun)

the action of taking air into the lungs and sending it out again

administration (noun)

the activities that are done in order to plan, organize and run a business, school or other institution;; the process or act of organizing the way that something is done;; the people who plan, organize and run a business, an institution, etc.;; the government of a country, especially the US;; the act of giving a drug to somebody;; a situation in which the financial affairs of a business that cannot pay its debts are managed by an independent administrator

advertising (noun)

the activity and industry of advertising things to people on television, in newspapers, on the Internet, etc.

engineering (noun)

the activity of applying scientific knowledge to the design, building and control of machines, roads, bridges, electrical equipment, etc.;; the study of engineering as a subject

business (noun)

the activity of making, buying, selling or supplying goods or services for money;; work that is part of your job;; the amount of work done by a company, etc.; the rate or quality of this work;; a commercial organization such as a company, shop/store or factory;; something that concerns a particular person or organization;; important matters that need to be dealt with or discussed;; a matter, an event or a situation;; the fact of a person or people buying goods or services at a shop/store or business;; the things that are discussed at the end of an official meeting that do not appear on the agenda;; to be very good;; to have everything that you need in order to be able to start something immediately;; a way of saying that things will continue as normal despite a difficult situation;; a way of saying that financial and commercial matters are the important things to consider and you should not be influenced by friendship, etc.;; to start dealing with the matter that needs to be dealt with, or doing the work that needs to be done;; to do the things that you normally do;; to have no right to do something;; very much, very fast, very well, etc.;; to be serious in your intentions;; to think about your own affairs and not ask questions about or try to get involved in other people's lives;; not to be intending to do something (which it would be surprising for you to do);; having stopped operating as a business because there is no more money or work available;; to look for customers, passengers, etc. in order to do business

communication (noun)

the activity or process of expressing ideas and feelings or of giving people information;; methods of sending information, especially telephones, radio, computers, etc. or roads and railways;; a message, letter or telephone call

breath (noun)

the air that you take into your lungs and send out again;; an amount of air that enters the lungs at one time;; a small amount of something; slight evidence of something;; a slight movement of air;; clean air breathed in after being indoors or in a dirty atmosphere;; a person, thing or place that is new and different and therefore interesting and exciting;; an essential part of a person's existence;; to stop breathing for a moment because of fear, shock, etc.;; to breathe normally again after running or doing some tiring exercise;; to stop doing something and rest;; to live; to be alive;; to breathe normally again after running or doing some tiring exercise;; the last moment of a person's life;; to stop breathing for a short time;; to be anxious while you are waiting for something that you are worried about;; people say don't hold your breath! to emphasize that something will take a long time or may not happen;; immediately after saying something that suggests the opposite intention or meaning;; having difficulty breathing after exercise;; used to tell somebody that it is not worth wasting time and effort saying something because it will not change anything;; to say something quietly so that people cannot hear;; to be very surprising or beautiful;; to say something that nobody takes any notice of;; feeling very anxious or excited

deficit (noun)

the amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time;; the amount by which something, especially an amount of money, is too small or smaller than something else

charge (noun)

the amount of money that somebody asks for goods and services;; an official claim made by the police that somebody has committed a crime;; a statement accusing somebody of doing something wrong or bad;; a position of having control over somebody/something; responsibility for somebody/something;; a person that you have responsibility for and care for;; the amount of electricity that is put into a battery or carried by a substance;; the act of putting electricity into a battery or the time when this happens;; a sudden rush or violent attack, for example by soldiers, wild animals or players in some sports;; the amount of explosive needed to fire a gun or make an explosion;; the power to cause strong feelings;; a task or duty;; to accuse somebody formally of a crime so that there can be a trial in court;; to get a strong feeling of excitement or pleasure from something

cost (noun)

the amount of money that you need in order to buy, make or do something;; the total amount of money that needs to be spent by a business;; the effort, loss or damage that is involved in order to do or achieve something;; the sum of money that somebody is ordered to pay for lawyers, etc. in a legal case;; whatever is needed to achieve something;; under any circumstances;; for only the amount of money that is needed to make or get something, without any profit being added on;; to feel the bad effects of a mistake, an accident, etc.;; to know something because of something unpleasant that has happened to you

distance (noun)

the amount of space between two places or things;; being far away in space or in time;; a point that is a particular amount of space away from something else;; a difference or lack of a connection between two things;; a situation in which there is a lack of friendly feelings or of a close relationship between two people or groups of people;; from a place or time that is not near; from far away;; to continue playing in a competition or sports contest until the end;; far away but still able to be seen or heard;; to refuse to be friendly with somebody; to not let somebody be friendly towards you;; to make sure you are not too near somebody/something;; to avoid getting too friendly or involved with a person, group, etc.;; very close;; very close;; near enough to be reached or attacked easily; near enough to reach or attack something easily

colour (noun)

the appearance that things have that results from the way in which they reflect light. Red, orange and green are colours.;; the use of all the colours, not only black and white;; the colour of a person's skin, when it shows the race they belong to;; a red or pink colour in somebody's face, especially when it shows that they look healthy or that they are embarrassed;; a substance that is used to give colour to something;; interesting and exciting details or qualities;; the particular colours that are used on clothes, flags, etc. to represent a team, school, political party or country;; a flag, badge, etc. that represents a team, country, ship, etc.;; to make something seem true or probable;; to say publicly and firmly what you believe or who you support;; to make sure that somebody has enough money to pay for something;; your real character, rather than the one that you usually allow other people to see;; very well; with a very high mark/grade

architecture (noun)

the art and study of designing buildings;; the design or style of a building or buildings;; the design and structure of a computer system

electronics (noun)

the branch of science and technology that studies electric currents in electronic equipment;; the use of electronic technology, especially in developing new equipment;; the electronic circuits and components (= parts) used in electronic equipment

campus (noun)

the buildings of a university or college and the land around them

costume (noun)

the clothes worn by people from a particular place or during a particular historical period;; the clothes worn by actors in a play or film/movie, or worn by somebody to make them look like somebody/something else

addiction (noun)

the condition of being addicted to something

circumstance (noun)

the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action;; the conditions of a person's life, especially the money they have;; situations and events that affect and influence your life and that are not in your control;; used before or after a statement to show that you have thought about the conditions that affect a situation before making a decision or a statement;; used to emphasize that something should never happen or be allowed;; formal and impressive ceremony;; the state of being poorer than you were before. People say 'living in reduced circumstances' to avoid saying 'poor'.

environment (noun)

the conditions that affect the behaviour and development of somebody/something; the physical conditions that somebody/something exists in;; the natural world in which people, animals and plants live;; the complete structure within which a user, computer or program operates

assault (noun)

the crime of attacking somebody physically;; the act of attacking a building, an area, etc. in order to take control of it;; the act of trying to achieve something that is difficult or dangerous;; an act of criticizing somebody/something severely

culture (noun)

the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or group;; a country, group, etc. with its own beliefs, etc.;; art, music, literature, etc., thought of as a group;; the beliefs and attitudes about something that people in a particular group or organization share;; the growing of plants or breeding of particular animals in order to get a particular substance or crop from them;; a group of cells or bacteria, especially one taken from a person or an animal and grown for medical or scientific study, or to produce food; the process of obtaining and growing these cells

birthday (noun)

the day in each year which is the same date as the one on which you were born;; not wearing any clothes

abortion (noun)

the deliberate ending of a pregnancy at an early stage;; Abortion is the subject of strong public debate, especially in the US. Some people are in favour of abortion; called pro-choice supporters, they support a woman's right to choose whether to have a baby or not. On the opposite side are the pro-life campaigners, who believe in the right to life of the unborn child and think that abortion is wrong. In 1973 abortion during the first stages of pregnancy became legal all over the US through the Supreme Court decision Roe v Wade. The US government has tried to change the laws about abortion, but the changes have been disputed by federal courts and the courts have supported a woman's right to abortion. In Britain the Abortion Act of 1967 made abortion legal. The Society for the Protection of Unborn Children (SPUC) was founded to campaign against the Act.;; a medical operation to end a pregnancy at an early stage

analysis (noun)

the detailed study or examination of something in order to understand more about it; the result of the study;; a careful examination of a substance in order to find out what it consists of;; used to say what is most important after everything has been discussed, or considered

background (noun)

the details of a person's family, education, experience, etc.;; the circumstances or past events that help explain why something is how it is; information about these;; the part of a picture, photograph or view behind the main objects, people, etc.;; a position in which people are not paying attention to somebody/something or not as much attention as they are paying to somebody/something else;; a colour or design on which something is painted, drawn, etc.;; not being used at the present time and appearing on the screen behind programs that are being used;; to behave quietly when you are with a group of people so that they do not notice you

composition (noun)

the different parts which something is made of; the way in which the different parts are organized;; a piece of music or art, or a poem;; the act of composing something;; the art of writing music;; a short text that is written as a school exercise; a short essay;; the arrangement of people or objects in a painting or photograph

east (noun)

the direction that you look towards to see the sun rise; one of the four main points of the compass;; the eastern part of a country, region or city;; the countries of Asia, especially China, Japan and India;; (in the past) the Communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe

depth (noun)

the distance from the top or surface to the bottom of something;; the distance from the front to the back of something;; the strength and power of feelings;; the quality of knowing or understanding a lot of details about something; the ability to provide and explain these details;; the deepest, most extreme or serious part of something;; the strength of a colour;; the quality in a work of art or a photograph which makes it appear not to be flat;; to be in water that is too deep to stand in with your head above water;; to be unable to understand something because it is too difficult; to be in a situation that you cannot control;; in a detailed and thorough way;; to be or to experience an extreme example of something unpleasant

documentation (noun)

the documents that are required for something, or that give evidence or proof of something;; the act of recording something in a document; the state of being recorded in a document

equality (noun)

the fact of being equal in rights, status, advantages, etc.

dominance (noun)

the fact of being more important, powerful or noticeable than somebody/something else;; the fact of being dominant (2)

accountability (noun)

the fact of being responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked

effectiveness (noun)

the fact of producing the result that is wanted or intended; the fact of producing a successful result

absence (noun)

the fact of somebody being away from a place where they are usually expected to be; the occasion or period of time when somebody is away;; the fact of somebody/something not existing or not being available; a lack of something;; used to say that when you are away from somebody that you love, you love them even more;; not present in a situation or place, when it is obvious that you should be there

death (noun)

the fact of somebody dying or being killed;; the end of life; the state of being dead;; the permanent end or destruction of something;; the power that destroys life, imagined as human in form;; so ill/sick that you may die;; to worry or upset somebody very much;; to catch a very bad cold;; to survive in a situation where you could have died;; to risk your life by doing something that you know is dangerous;; to fail completely;; to do or perform something so often that people become tired of seeing or hearing it;; a terrible thing that could happen;; to fight until one of the two people or groups is dead, or until one person or group defeats the other;; to use an idea, a story, etc. so often that it is no longer interesting;; to frighten somebody very much;; to hold somebody/something very tightly because you are afraid;; an event that seems good, but is certain to make something else fail;; the possibility or belief that people continue to exist in some form after they die;; to look or feel very ill/sick or tired;; used to describe a situation that is very important or serious;; to kill somebody as a punishment;; extremely; very much;; until somebody is dead

emergence (noun)

the fact of somebody/something coming out from a dark, confined or hidden place;; the fact of starting to exist or becoming known for the first time

coincidence (noun)

the fact of two things happening at the same time by chance, in a surprising way;; the fact of things being present at the same time;; the fact of two or more opinions, etc. being the same

ability (noun)

the fact that somebody/something is able to do something;; a level of skill or intelligence

availability (noun)

the fact that something is possible to get, buy or find;; the fact that somebody is free to see or talk to people

evidence (noun)

the facts, signs or objects that make you believe that something is true;; the information that is used in court to try to prove something;; (considering) the evidence on both sides of an argument, to find the most likely reason for or result of something;; present and clearly seen;; to give information against other criminals in order to get a less severe punishment

affection (noun)

the feeling of liking or loving somebody/something very much and caring about them;; a person's feelings of love

approval (noun)

the feeling that somebody/something is good or acceptable; a positive opinion of somebody/something;; agreement to, or permission for something, especially a plan or request;; if you buy goods or if goods are sold on approval, you can use them for a time without paying, until you decide if you want to buy them or not

contempt (noun)

the feeling that somebody/something is without value and deserves no respect at all;; a lack of worry or fear about rules, danger, etc.;; knowing somebody/something very well may cause you to lose admiration and respect for them/it

confidence (noun)

the feeling that you can trust, believe in and be sure about the abilities or good qualities of somebody/something;; a belief in your own ability to do things and be successful;; the feeling that you are certain about something;; a feeling of trust that somebody will keep information private;; a secret that you tell somebody;; to be trusted with somebody's secrets;; to tell somebody secrets and personal information about yourself

end (noun)

the final part of a period of time, an event, an activity or a story;; the part of an object or a place that is the furthest away from its centre;; a situation in which something does not exist any more;; an aim or a purpose;; a part of an activity with which somebody is concerned, especially in business;; either of two places connected by a telephone call, journey, etc.;; one of the two halves of a sports field;; a small piece that is left after something has been used;; a person's death. People say 'end' to avoid saying 'death'.;; used to introduce the most important fact after everything has been considered;; having nothing to do and not knowing what you want to do;; something unpleasant that happens to somebody, for example punishment or a violent death, usually because of their own actions;; to have almost nothing left of something;; to feel that you cannot deal with a difficult situation any more because you are too tired, worried, etc.;; to be the person that an action, etc. is directed at, especially an unpleasant one;; to be so worried by a problem that you do not know what to do next;; when you say that people or situations are the end, you mean that you are annoyed with them;; the first sign of something ending;; to become very tired by trying to do too many things and going to bed late and getting up early;; a thing that is itself important and not just a part of something more important;; bad or unfair methods of doing something are acceptable if the result of that action is good or positive;; (to reach) the point at which something can no longer continue in the same way;; used when you are stating that there is nothing more that can be said or done about something;; in a line, with the ends touching;; to have sex;; to be the person in a group who is chosen or forced to perform an unpleasant duty or task;; to understand something in the wrong way;; to suddenly become very angry or emotional;; to do everything possible, even if it is difficult, in order to get or achieve something;; after a long period of time or series of events;; after everything has been considered;; to start or be made to start a new and difficult activity that you are not prepared for;; to continue to be cheerful in a difficult situation;; something that shows you are nearly at the end of a long and difficult time or situation;; to earn just enough money to be able to buy the things you need;; to shock or frighten somebody;; a thing or action that is not interesting or important in itself but is a way of achieving something else;; very much;; a lot of something;; not the worst thing that could happen to somebody;; to keep being reminded of something because somebody is always talking to you about it;; in a vertical position;; for the stated length of time, without stopping;; to kill yourself;; a situation in which somebody is treated badly or unfairly;; the place or position of greatest difficulty or responsibility;; an event or action that is the beginning of something more serious and/or unpleasant;; continuing until you have done everything you can, or until something is completely finished, despite difficulties and problems

breakfast (noun)

the first meal of the day;; a thing that has been done badly

debut (noun)

the first public appearance of a performer or sports player

blade (noun)

the flat part of a knife, tool or machine, which has a sharp edge or edges for cutting;; one of the flat parts that turn around in an engine or on a helicopter;; the flat wide part of an oar (= one of the long poles that are used to row1 a boat) that goes in the water;; a single flat leaf of grass;; the flat metal part on the bottom of an ice skate

diet (noun)

the food that you eat and drink regularly;; a limited variety or amount of food that you eat for medical reasons or because you want to lose weight; a time when you only eat this limited variety or amount;; a large amount of a restricted range of activities

edition (noun)

the form in which a book is published;; a particular newspaper or magazine, or radio or television programme, especially one in a regular series;; the total number of copies of a book, newspaper or magazine, etc. published at one time

advance (noun)

the forward movement of a group of people, especially armed forces;; progress or a development in a particular activity or area of understanding;; money paid for work before it has been done or money paid earlier than expected;; attempts to start a sexual relationship with somebody;; an increase in the price or value of something;; before the time that is expected; before something happens;; more developed than somebody/something else

autonomy (noun)

the freedom for a country, a region or an organization to govern itself independently;; the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone else

discretion (noun)

the freedom or power to decide what should be done in a particular situation;; care in what you say or do, in order to keep something secret or to avoid causing embarrassment to or difficulty for somebody; the quality of being discreet;; according to what somebody decides or wishes to do;; you should avoid danger and not take unnecessary risks

face (noun)

the front part of the head between the forehead and the chin;; an expression that is shown on somebody's face;; having the type of face or expression mentioned;; used to refer to a person of the type mentioned;; a side or surface of something;; the front part of a clock or watch;; the particular character of something;; a particular aspect of something;; to be obvious or easy to see;; to be certain to happen;; to be unable to avoid something;; to be very obvious to other people from the expression on somebody's face;; if a plan, etc. blows up in your face, it goes wrong in a way that causes you damage, embarrassment, etc.;; to do something when you are angry that is meant to harm somebody else but which also harms you;; to disappear completely;; to try to do something as hard and as long as you possibly can but without success;; used to say that somebody will not get a particular job or position because they do not have the appearance, personality, etc. that the employer wants, even when this should not be important;; somebody looks very angry;; close to and looking at somebody;; in a situation where you have to accept that something is true and deal with it;; with your face and stomach facing upwards/downwards;; with the front part or surface facing upwards/downwards;; to fall so that you are lying on your front;; to fail completely, usually causing embarrassment;; to eat a lot of food or too much food;; to oppose or be the opposite of something that is usual or expected;; to be made to look stupid;; to do something that other people think is rude or shows a lack of respect, without feeling embarrassed or ashamed;; annoying somebody by criticizing them or telling them what to do all the time;; despite problems, difficulties, etc.;; as a result of something;; to show in a very obvious way that you have no respect for somebody;; to be forced to change from feeling pleased or satisfied to feeling disappointed or annoyed;; (to have) an unhappy or disappointed expression;; to look straight at somebody without feeling embarrassed or ashamed;; to be less respected or look stupid because of something you have done;; used to emphasize that you have particular skills or qualities;; used to say that something seems to be good, true, etc. but that this opinion may need to be changed when you know more about it;; very obvious;; to produce an expression on your face to show that you do not like somebody/something or in order to make somebody laugh;; to put on make-up;; to pretend that you feel confident and happy when you do not;; to avoid or help somebody avoid embarrassment;; to be determined to oppose somebody/something;; to appear among your friends or in public;; a rude way of telling somebody to be quiet or stop talking;; to shut a door hard when somebody is trying to come in;; to refuse to talk to somebody or meet them, in a rude way;; an action that seems to be intended as a deliberate insult to somebody;; if you keep a straight face, you do not laugh or smile, although you find something funny;; if you say something to somebody's face, you say it to them directly rather than to other people;; used to refer to a person whose name you cannot remember;; to destroy or remove somebody/something completely

design (noun)

the general arrangement of the different parts of something that is made, such as a building, book, machine, etc.;; the art or process of deciding how something will look, work, etc. by drawing plans, making models, etc.;; a drawing or plan from which something may be made;; an arrangement of lines and shapes as a decoration;; a plan or an intention;; to want to start a sexual relationship with somebody;; to be planning to get something for yourself, often in a way that other people do not approve of

direction (noun)

the general position a person or thing moves or points towards;; the general way in which a person or thing develops;; the general position a person or thing comes or develops from;; a purpose; an aim;; instructions about how to do something, where to go, etc.;; the art of managing or guiding somebody/something;; the instructions given by somebody directing a film/movie;; to have different aims that cannot be achieved together without causing problems

cargo (noun)

the goods carried in a ship or plane

evolution (noun)

the gradual development of plants, animals, etc. over many years as they adapt to changes in their environment;; the gradual development of something

development (noun)

the gradual growth of something so that it becomes more advanced, stronger, etc.;; the process of producing or creating something new or more advanced; a new or advanced product;; a new event or stage that is likely to affect what happens in a continuing situation;; a piece of land with new buildings on it;; the process of using an area of land, especially to make a profit by building on it, etc.

ash (noun)

the grey or black powder that is left after something, especially tobacco, wood or coal, has burnt;; what is left after something has been destroyed by burning;; the powder that is left after a dead person's body has been cremated (= burned);; a forest tree with grey bark;; the hard pale wood of the ash tree;; the letter æ, used in Old English, and as a phonetic symbol to represent the vowel sound in cat;; to behave in a way that shows that you are sorry for something that you have done

audience (noun)

the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to something (a play, concert, somebody speaking, etc.);; a number of people or a particular group of people who watch, read or listen to the same thing;; a formal meeting with an important person

core (noun)

the hard central part of a fruit such as an apple, that contains the seeds;; the central part of an object;; the most important or central part of something;; a small group of people who take part in a particular activity;; so that the whole of a thing or a person is affected

dedication (noun)

the hard work and effort that somebody puts into an activity or a purpose because they think it is important;; a ceremony that is held to show that a building or an object has a special purpose or is special to the memory of a particular person;; the words that are used at the beginning of a book, piece of music, a performance, etc. to offer it to somebody as a sign of thanks or respect

elbow (noun)

the joint between the upper and lower parts of the arm where it bends in the middle;; the part of a piece of clothing that covers the elbow;; a part of a pipe, chimney, etc. where it bends at a sharp angle;; to be told by somebody that they no longer want to have a relationship with you; to be told to go away;; to tell somebody that you no longer want to have a relationship with them; to tell somebody to go away;; used to express support or encouragement for somebody to do something;; to be very stupid or completely lacking in skill;; to meet and spend time with a famous person, socially or as part of your job

ankle (noun)

the joint connecting the foot to the leg

experience (noun)

the knowledge and skill that you have gained through doing something for a period of time; the process of gaining this;; the things that have happened to you that influence the way you think and behave;; an event or activity that affects you in some way;; events or knowledge shared by all the members of a particular group in society, that influences the way they think and behave;; used to say that somebody should think of a failure as being something that they can learn from

coast (noun)

the land beside or near to the sea or ocean;; there is no danger of being seen or caught

ending (noun)

the last part of a story, film/movie, etc.;; the act of finishing something; the last part of something;; the last part of a word, that is added to a main part

divorce (noun)

the legal ending of a marriage;; a separation; the ending of a relationship between two things

custody (noun)

the legal right or duty to take care of or keep somebody/something; the act of taking care of something/somebody;; the state of being in prison, especially while waiting for trial

citizenship (noun)

the legal right to belong to a particular country;; the state of being a citizen and accepting the responsibilities of it

duration (noun)

the length of time that something lasts or continues;; until the end of a particular situation

correspondence (noun)

the letters a person sends and receives;; the activity of writing letters;; a connection between two things; the fact of two things being similar

border (noun)

the line that divides two countries or areas; the land near this line;; a strip around the edge of something such as a picture or a piece of cloth;; a strip of soil which is planted with flowers, along the edge of the grass

base (noun)

the lowest part of something, especially the part or surface on which it rests or stands;; an idea, a fact, a situation, etc. from which something is developed;; the people, activity, etc. from which somebody/something gets most of their support, income, power, etc.;; the pay that you get before anything extra is added;; the first or main part of a substance to which other things are added;; the main place where you live or stay or where a business operates from;; a place where an army, a navy, etc. operates from;; a chemical substance, for example an alkali, that can combine with an acid to form a salt;; a number on which a system of counting and expressing numbers is built up, for example 10 in the decimal system and 2 in the binary system;; one of the four positions that a player must reach in order to score points;; to consider and deal with all the things that could happen or could be needed when you are arranging something;; to fail to make a successful start in a project, relationship, etc.; to fail to get through the first stage;; completely wrong about something;; to make contact with somebody again

bottom (noun)

the lowest part of something;; the part of something that faces downwards and is not usually seen;; the lowest surface on the inside of a container;; the ground below the water in a lake, river, swimming pool, etc.;; the part of something that is furthest from you, your house, etc.;; the lowest position in a class, on a list, etc.; a person, team, etc. that is in this position;; the part of the body that you sit on;; the lower part of a set of clothes that consists of two pieces;; the lower part of a ship that is below the surface of the water;; having the type of bottom mentioned;; used to say what somebody/something is really like;; high up/low down in the structure of an organization or a society;; to be the original cause of something, especially something unpleasant;; people stop buying or using the products of a particular industry;; used to express good wishes when drinking alcohol, or to tell somebody to finish their drink;; in the least/most important position in a group of people or things;; in a way that is sincere;; going to every part of a place in a very thorough way;; to find out the real cause of something, especially something unpleasant;; a situation in which companies and countries compete with each other to produce goods as cheaply as possible by paying low wages and giving workers poor conditions and few rights;; to have to use whatever things or people you can get, because there is not much choice available;; to reach the ground at the bottom of an area of water;; to reach the worst possible state or condition

bass (noun)

the lowest tone or part in music, for instruments or voices;; a man's singing voice with a low range; a man with a bass voice;; a musical part that is written for a bass voice;; an electric guitar that plays very low notes

dinner (noun)

the main meal of the day, eaten either in the middle of the day or in the evening;; a large formal social gathering at which dinner is eaten;; a thing that has been done badly;; completely defeated

bulk (noun)

the main part of something; most of something;; the (large) size or quantity of something;; the weight or shape of somebody/something large

centre (noun)

the middle point or part of something;; the main part of a town or city where there are a lot of shops/stores and offices;; a place or an area where a lot of people live; a place where a lot of business or cultural activity takes place;; a building or place used for a particular purpose or activity;; a place where a particular kind of work is done extremely well;; the point towards which people direct their attention;; having the thing mentioned as the most important feature or centre of attention;; a moderate (= middle) political position or party, between the extremes of left-wing and right-wing parties;; a player or position in the middle of the pitch/field, court, etc.;; in or into the most important position;; in all directions; everywhere

air (noun)

the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth and that we breathe;; the space above the ground or that is around things;; the space above the earth where planes fly;; the particular feeling or impression that is given by somebody/something; the way somebody does something;; a tune;; a way of behaving that shows that somebody thinks that they are more important, etc. than they really are;; a way of behaving that shows that somebody thinks that they are more important, etc. than they really are;; clean air breathed in after being indoors or in a dirty atmosphere;; (to have) plans or dreams that are not likely to happen or come true;; to improve a difficult or tense situation by talking about worries, doubts, etc.;; to disappear suddenly in a mysterious way;; used to refer to an estimate or method of doing something that is not very accurate or scientific and partly based on guessing;; to feel very happy;; felt by a number of people to exist or to be happening;; broadcasting or not broadcasting on television or radio;; from nowhere or nothing, as if by magic;; to say a name, number, etc. without thinking about it, especially in answer to a question;; not yet decided;; in a way that is unfriendly and suggests that you think that you are better than other people

atmosphere (noun)

the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth;; a mixture of gases that surrounds another planet or a star;; the air in a room or in a confined space; the air around a place;; the feeling or mood that you have in a particular place or situation; a feeling between two people or in a group of people;; a situation when people do not say anything, but feel embarrassed or uncomfortable

budget (noun)

the money that is available to a person or an organization and a plan of how it will be spent over a period of time;; an official statement by the government of a country's income from taxes, etc. and how it will be spent

earnings (noun)

the money that you earn for the work that you do;; the profit that a company makes

expense (noun)

the money that you spend on something;; something that makes you spend money;; money spent in doing a particular job, or for a particular purpose;; money that you spend while you are working and which your employer will pay back to you later;; paid for by somebody;; if you make a joke at somebody's expense, you laugh at them and make them feel silly;; with loss or damage to somebody/something;; used to say that you are willing to spend a lot of money;; to spend money on something;; to make somebody spend money on something

essence (noun)

the most important quality or feature of something, that makes it what it is;; a liquid taken from a plant, etc. that contains its smell and taste in a very strong form;; necessary and very important

capital (noun)

the most important town or city of a country, usually where the central government operates from;; a large amount of money that is invested or is used to start a business;; wealth or property that is owned by a business or a person;; people who use their money to start businesses, considered as a group;; a valuable resource of a particular kind;; a letter of the form and size that is used at the beginning of a sentence or a name (= A,B,C rather than a,b,c);; the top part of a column;; to use a situation for your own advantage

devil (noun)

the most powerful evil being;; an evil spirit;; a person who behaves badly, especially a child;; used to talk about somebody and to emphasize an opinion that you have of them;; people say Be a devil!to encourage somebody to do something that they are not sure about doing;; used to say that it is easier and wiser to stay in a bad situation that you know and can deal with rather than change to a new situation which may be much worse;; in a difficult situation where there are two equally unpleasant or unacceptable choices;; very difficult or unpleasant;; a lot of trouble;; bad people often seem to have good luck;; people who do not have enough to do often start to do wrong;; a very difficult or unpleasant job or time;; used, in an unfriendly way, to tell somebody to go away;; very hard, fast, etc.;; to do anything, even something bad or dishonest, in return for money, success or power;; people say speak/talk of the devil when somebody they have been talking about appears unexpectedly;; used in questions to show that you are annoyed or surprised

circulation (noun)

the movement of blood around the body;; the passing or spreading of something from one person or place to another;; the fact that somebody takes part in social activities at a particular time;; the usual number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold each day, week, etc.;; the movement of something (for example air, water, gas, etc.) around an area or inside a system or machine

assassination (noun)

the murder of an important or famous person, especially for political reasons

capacity (noun)

the number of things or people that a container or space can hold;; the ability to understand or to do something;; the official position or function that somebody has;; the quantity that a factory, machine, etc. can produce;; the size or power of a piece of equipment, especially the engine of a vehicle

age (noun)

the number of years that a person has lived or a thing has existed;; a particular period of a person's life;; a particular period of history;; the state of being old;; a very long time;; a length of time which is a division of an epoch;; a great age;; an age that is considered to be very old;; to behave in a way that is suitable for somebody of your age and not as though you were much younger;; when a person comes of age, they reach the age when they have an adult's legal rights and responsibilities;; if something comes of age, it reaches the stage of development at which people accept and value it;; to realize that you are getting old, especially compared with people you are with who are younger than you;; now, in the modern world;; to seem as old as you really are and not younger or older;; used in polite expressions to describe somebody as 'very old';; if you talk about a person being of a certain age, you mean that they are no longer young but not yet old;; not legally old enough to do a particular thing

brain (noun)

the organ inside the head that controls movement, thought, memory and feeling;; the brain of an animal, eaten as food;; the ability to learn quickly and think about things in a logical and intelligent way;; an intelligent person;; the most intelligent person in a particular group; the person who is responsible for thinking of and organizing something;; to think very hard about something for a long time;; to kill yourself/somebody by shooting yourself/them in the head;; to think very hard;; to think about something all the time, especially in a way that is annoying;; to ask somebody a lot of questions about something because they know more about the subject than you do;; to think very hard or for a long time about something

edge (noun)

the outside limit of an object, a surface or an area; the part furthest from the centre;; the sharp part of a blade, knife or sword that is used for cutting;; the point at which something, especially something bad, may begin to happen;; a slight advantage over somebody/something;; a strong, often exciting, quality;; a sharp tone of voice, often showing anger;; having the type of edge or edges mentioned;; to be nervous, excited or bad-tempered;; to be in a difficult situation where any mistake may be very dangerous;; to start to come apart or to fail;; very excited and giving your full attention to something;; small parts of something or of a person's character that are not yet as good as they should be;; to make somebody feel physically uncomfortable;; to make something less strong, less bad, etc.;; to be very close to a very unpleasant or dangerous situation

engine (noun)

the part of a vehicle that produces power to make the vehicle move;; a vehicle that pulls a train;; having the type or number of engines mentioned

evening (noun)

the part of the day between the afternoon and the time you go to bed;; an event of a particular type happening in the evening

afternoon (noun)

the part of the day from 12 midday until about 6 o'clock

back (noun)

the part of the human body that is on the opposite side to the chest, between the neck and the tops of the legs; the part of an animal's body that corresponds to this;; the row of bones in the middle of the back;; the part or area of something that is furthest from the front;; the part of a piece of paper, etc. that is on the opposite side to the one that has information or the most important information on it;; the last few pages of a book, etc.;; the part of a chair, etc. against which you lean your back;; used to describe furniture that has the type of back mentioned;; a player whose main role is to defend their team's goal;; if a thought, etc. is at the back of your mind, you are aware of it but it is not what you are mainly thinking about;; when somebody's back is turned they are absent and not able to see what is happening;; a place that is a long way from other houses, towns, etc.;; used to talk about planning or calculating something in a way that is not detailed, exact or complete;; if two people stand back to back, they stand with their backs facing or touching each other;; if two or more things happen back to back, they happen one after the other;; if you put on a piece of clothing back to front, you make a mistake and put the back where the front should be;; to be happy that you will not have to deal with or see somebody/something again because you do not like them or it;; without somebody's knowledge or permission;; to keep asking or telling somebody to do something that they do not want to do, in a way that they find annoying;; to finish the largest or most important part of a task;; to realize that you may be blamed or criticized for something later and take action to avoid this;; to stop annoying somebody, for example by criticizing them, or asking them to do something;; to annoy somebody;; to protect and support somebody;; to be in a difficult situation in which you are forced to do something but are unable to make the choices that you would like;; to be aware of everything that is happening around you, even things that seem difficult or impossible to see;; to be very familiar with somebody/something;; the last in a series of bad events, etc. that makes it impossible for you to accept a situation any longer;; to do something that will cause problems for you in the future;; immediately after something;; as a result of something;; goods that fell off the back of a lorry were probably stolen. People say or accept that they came 'off the back of a lorry' to avoid saying or asking where they really came from.;; in bed because you are ill/sick;; as a result of an achievement or a success;; praise or approval for something that you have done well;; to praise somebody or yourself for doing something well;; to try to forget about something unpleasant;; to use a lot of effort and energy on a particular task;; anything that somebody has, including the things they really need themselves, that somebody else takes from them or they are willing to give;; an act that harms somebody, done by a person they thought was a friend;; to do or say something that harms somebody who trusts you;; to turn so that you are facing in the opposite direction;; to move so that you are standing or sitting with your back facing somebody/something;; to reject somebody/something that you have previously been connected with;; to protect yourself against danger;; used to say that something, especially criticism, has no effect on somebody/something;; used to say that if somebody helps you, you will help them, even if this is unfair to others

conscience (noun)

the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong;; a guilty feeling about something you have done or failed to do;; the fact of behaving in a way that you feel is right even though this may cause problems;; believing your actions to be fair;; making you feel guilty for doing or failing to do something;; to make you feel guilty about something; to feel guilty about something

childhood (noun)

the period of somebody's life when they are a child;; a time in the life of an adult person when they behave like a child again

chairman (noun)

the person in charge of a meeting, who tells people when they can speak, etc.;; the person in charge of a committee, a company, etc.

captain (noun)

the person in charge of a ship or commercial aircraft;; an officer of fairly high rank in the navy, the army and the US air force;; the leader of a group of people, especially a sports team;; an officer of high rank in a US police or fire department

cause (noun)

the person or thing that makes something happen;; a reason for having particular feelings or behaving in a particular way;; an organization or idea that people support or fight for;; a case that goes to court;; worth doing, because it is helping other people;; to be united with somebody about something that you both agree on, believe in or wish to achieve

effort (noun)

the physical or mental energy that you need to do something; something that takes a lot of energy;; an attempt to do something especially when it is difficult to do;; a particular activity that a group of people organize in order to achieve something;; the result of an attempt to do something;; to think very hard about or put a lot of effort into one particular thing

chip (noun)

the place from which a small piece of wood, glass, etc. has broken from an object;; a small piece of wood, glass, etc. that has broken or been broken off an object;; a long thin piece of potato fried in oil or fat;; a thin round slice of potato that is fried until hard then dried and eaten cold. Chips are sold in bags and have many different flavours.;; a small flat piece of plastic used to represent a particular amount of money in some types of gambling;; an act of hitting or kicking a ball high in the air so that it lands within a short distance;; to die;; a person who is very similar to their mother or father in the way that they look or behave;; to be sensitive about something that happened in the past and become easily offended if it is mentioned because you think that you were treated unfairly;; to be in a situation in which you are certain to be defeated or killed;; used to refer to a difficult situation in which you are forced to decide what is important to you

court (noun)

the place where legal trials take place and where crimes, etc. are judged;; the people in a court, especially those who make the decisions, such as the judge and jury;; a place where games such as tennis are played;; the official place where kings and queens live;; the king or queen, their family, and the people who work for them and/or give advice to them;; used in the names of blocks of flats or apartment buildings, or of some short streets; (in Britain) used in the name of some large houses;; a large open section of a building, often with a glass roof;; it is your/somebody's responsibility to take action next;; to entertain people by telling them interesting or funny things;; to completely reject an idea, a story, etc. that you think is not worth taking seriously at all;; to treat somebody with great respect in order to gain favour with them;; to say that something is completely wrong or not worth considering, especially in a trial

danger (noun)

the possibility of something happening that will injure, harm or kill somebody, or damage or destroy something;; the possibility of something bad or unpleasant happening;; a person or thing that may cause damage, or harm somebody;; to be so ill/sick that you may die; to no longer be very ill/sick

charm (noun)

the power of pleasing or attracting people;; a feature or quality that is pleasing or attractive;; a small object worn on a chain or bracelet, that is believed to bring good luck;; an act or words believed to have magic power;; used when you have failed to do something twice and hope that you will succeed the third time;; to be immediately and completely successful

authority (noun)

the power to give orders to people;; the power or right to do something;; official permission to do something;; the people or an organization who have the power to make decisions or who have a particular area of responsibility in a country or region;; the power to influence people because they respect your knowledge or official position;; a person with special knowledge;; to be able to believe something because you trust the person who gave you the information

control (noun)

the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an organization, etc. is run;; the ability to make somebody/something do what you want;; the act of restricting, limiting or managing something; a method of doing this;; the switches and buttons, etc. that you use to operate a machine or a vehicle;; a person, thing or group used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of a scientific experiment; an experiment whose result is known, used for checking working methods;; a place where orders are given or where checks are made; the people who work in this place;; (on a computer keyboard) a key that you press when you want to perform a particular operation;; to be or become impossible to manage or to control;; to direct or manage an organization, an area or a situation;; to be able to organize your life well and keep calm;; to be being dealt with successfully;; to succeed in dealing with something so that it does not cause any damage or hurt anyone

compliance (noun)

the practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authority

discipline (noun)

the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behaviour or situation that results from this training;; a method of training your mind or body or of controlling your behaviour; an area of activity where this is necessary;; the ability to control your behaviour or the way you live, work, etc.;; an area of knowledge; a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university

discrimination (noun)

the practice of treating somebody or a particular group in society less fairly than others;; the ability to judge what is good, true, etc.;; the ability to recognize a difference between one thing and another; a difference that is recognized

addition (noun)

the process of adding two or more numbers together to find their total;; a thing that is added to something else;; the act of adding something to something else;; a new part that is added to a building;; used when you want to mention another person or thing after something else

care (noun)

the process of caring for somebody/something and providing what they need for their health or protection;; attention or thought that you give to something that you are doing so that you will do it well and avoid mistakes or damage;; a feeling of worry or anxiety; something that causes problems or anxiety;; used when writing to somebody at another person's address;; living in an institution run by the local authority rather than with their parents;; being cared for by somebody;; used when saying goodbye;; to be careful;; to care for somebody/something/yourself; to be careful about something;; to be responsible for or to deal with a situation or task;; receiving medical care from somebody

election (noun)

the process of choosing a person or a group of people for a position, especially a political position, by voting;; the fact of having been chosen by election

comparison (noun)

the process of comparing two or more people or things;; an occasion when two or more people or things are compared;; used especially at the beginning of a sentence when the next thing that is mentioned is compared with something in the previous sentence;; when compared with somebody/something;; to seem less important when compared with something else;; used to emphasize the difference between two people or things that are being compared

decision-making (noun)

the process of deciding about something important, especially in a group of people or in an organization

detection (noun)

the process of detecting something; the fact of being detected

discussion (noun)

the process of discussing somebody/something; a conversation about somebody/something;; a speech or a piece of writing that discusses many different aspects of a subject

action (noun)

the process of doing something in order to make something happen or to deal with a situation;; a thing that somebody does;; a legal process to stop a person or company from doing something, or to make them pay for a mistake, etc.;; fighting in a battle or war;; the events in a story, play, etc.;; exciting events;; the effect that one substance or chemical has on another;; the way a part of the body moves or functions;; the mechanical parts of a piano, gun, clock, etc. or the way the parts move;; what a person actually does means more than what they say they will do;; if somebody/something is in action, they are doing the activity or work that is typical for them;; if you put an idea or a plan into action, you start making it happen or work;; not able to work or be used because of injury or damage;; a share or role in an interesting or exciting activity, especially in order to make money;; to suddenly start working or doing something;; to start doing something quickly and with a lot of energy;; to act in order to avoid danger or an unpleasant situation

conception (noun)

the process of forming an idea or a plan;; an understanding or a belief of what something is or what something should be;; the process of an egg being fertilized inside a woman's body so that she becomes pregnant

accumulation (noun)

the process of gradually increasing or getting more and more of something over a period of time;; an amount of something that has gradually increased over a period of time

cooking (noun)

the process of preparing food;; food that has been prepared in a particular way

construction (noun)

the process or method of building or making something, especially roads, buildings, bridges, etc.;; the way that something has been built or made;; a thing that has been built or made;; the way in which words are used together and arranged to form a sentence, phrase, etc.;; the creating of something from ideas, opinions and knowledge;; the way in which words, actions, statements, etc. are understood by somebody

division (noun)

the process or result of dividing into separate parts; the process or result of dividing something or sharing it out;; the process of dividing one number by another;; a disagreement or difference in opinion, way of life, etc., especially between members of a society or an organization;; a large and important unit or section of an organization;; (in Britain) one of the group of teams that a sport competition is divided into, especially in football (soccer );; a unit of an army, consisting of several brigades or regiments;; a line that divides something;; the separation of members of the British parliament into groups to vote for or against something

accounting (noun)

the process or work of keeping financial accounts

emission (noun)

the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.;; gas, etc. that is sent out into the air

conservation (noun)

the protection of the natural environment;; the official protection of buildings that have historical or artistic importance;; the act of preventing something from being lost, wasted, damaged or destroyed

aim (noun)

the purpose of doing something; what somebody is trying to achieve;; the action or skill of pointing a weapon at somebody/something;; to direct your criticism at somebody/something

consistency (noun)

the quality of always behaving in the same way or of having the same opinions, standard, etc.; the quality of being consistent;; the consistency of a mixture or a liquid substance is how thick, smooth, etc. it is

density (noun)

the quality of being dense; the degree to which something is dense;; the thickness of a solid, liquid or gas measured by its mass per unit of volume;; the amount of space available on a disk for recording data

clarity (noun)

the quality of being expressed clearly;; the ability to think about or understand something clearly;; if a picture, substance or sound has clarity, you can see or hear it very clearly, or see through it easily

excellence (noun)

the quality of being extremely good

beauty (noun)

the quality of being pleasing to the senses or to the mind;; a person or thing that is beautiful;; an excellent example of its type;; a pleasing feature;; people all have different ideas about what is beautiful;; how a person looks is less important than their character

convenience (noun)

the quality of being useful, easy or suitable for somebody;; something that is useful and can make things easier or quicker to do, or more comfortable;; at a time or a place which is suitable for somebody;; as soon as possible

efficiency (noun)

the quality of doing something well with no waste of time or money;; ways of wasting less time and money or of saving time or money;; the relationship between the amount of energy that goes into a machine or an engine, and the amount that it produces

determination (noun)

the quality that makes you continue trying to do something even when this is difficult;; the process of deciding something officially;; the act of finding out or calculating something

credibility (noun)

the quality that somebody/something has that makes people believe or trust them

basis (noun)

the reason why people take a particular action;; the way things are organized or arranged;; the important facts, ideas or events that support something and that it can develop from

blood (noun)

the red liquid that flows through the bodies of humans and animals;; having the type of blood mentioned;; family origins;; a rich and fashionable man;; feelings of hatred or strong dislike;; to be angry with somebody and want to hurt or punish them;; to be a natural part of your character and of the character of other members of your family;; family relationships are stronger than any others;; somebody is very angry and ready to argue or fight;; very hard work; a lot of effort;; when you say that somebody is flesh and blood, you mean that they are a normal human with needs, emotions and weaknesses;; a person that you are related to;; to make you extremely frightened or shocked;; to be responsible for somebody's death;; acting in a way that is deliberately cruel; with no pity;; almost impossible to obtain;; to make somebody extremely angry;; to make somebody very frightened or fill them with horror;; new members or employees, especially young ones, with new ideas or ways of doing things;; to kill or wound people;; to show that you are very angry; to speak in an angry way;; to make somebody excited;; to work very hard

echo (noun)

the reflecting of sound off a wall or inside a confined space so that a noise appears to be repeated; a sound that is reflected back in this way;; the fact of an idea, event, etc. being like another and reminding you of it; something that reminds you of something else;; an opinion or attitude that agrees with or repeats one already expressed or thought

climate (noun)

the regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place;; an area with particular weather conditions;; a general attitude or feeling; an atmosphere or a situation which exists in a particular place

economy (noun)

the relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region;; a country, when you are thinking about its economic system;; the use of the time, money, etc. that is available in a way that avoids waste

coverage (noun)

the reporting of news and sport in newspapers and on the radio and television;; the range or quality of information that is included in a book or course of study, on television, etc.;; the amount of something that something provides; the extent to which something covers an area or a group of people;; protection that an insurance company provides by promising to pay you money if a particular event happens

coffee (noun)

the roasted seeds (called coffee beans) of a tropical bush; a powder made from them;; a hot drink made from coffee powder and boiling water. It may be drunk with milk and/or sugar added.;; a cup of coffee;; the colour of coffee mixed with milk; light brown;; used to tell somebody to become aware of what is really happening in a situation, especially when this is something unpleasant

equal (adjective)

the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as something else;; having the same rights or being treated the same as other people, without differences such as race, religion or sex being considered;; having the necessary strength, courage and ability to deal with something successfully;; if the conditions stay the same; if other conditions are the same;; having the same advantages and disadvantages as somebody else

agriculture (noun)

the science or practice of farming

biology (noun)

the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals;; the way in which the body and cells of a living thing behave

chemistry (noun)

the scientific study of the structure of substances, how they react when combined or in contact with one another, and how they behave under different conditions;; the chemical structure and behaviour of a particular substance;; the relationship between two people, usually a strong sexual attraction

autumn (noun)

the season of the year between summer and winter, when leaves change colour and the weather becomes colder

career (noun)

the series of jobs that a person has in a particular area of work, usually involving more responsibility as time passes;; the period of time that you spend in your life working or doing a particular thing

bacteria (noun)

the simplest and smallest forms of life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease.

aunt (noun)

the sister of your father or mother; the wife of your uncle;; used by children, with a first name, to address a woman who is a friend of their parents

context (noun)

the situation in which something happens and that helps you to understand it;; the words that come just before and after a word, phrase or statement and help you to understand its meaning

aftermath (noun)

the situation that exists as a result of an important (and usually unpleasant) event, especially a war, an accident, etc.

closure (noun)

the situation when a factory, school, hospital, etc. shuts permanently;; the temporary closing of a road or bridge;; the feeling that a difficult or an unpleasant experience has come to an end or been dealt with in an acceptable way

angle (noun)

the space between two lines or surfaces that join, measured in degrees;; the direction that something is leaning or pointing in when it is not in a vertical or horizontal line;; a position from which you look at something;; a particular way of presenting or thinking about a situation, problem, etc.

consciousness (noun)

the state of being able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening;; the state of being aware of something;; the ideas and opinions of a person or group

darkness (noun)

the state of being dark, without any light;; the quality or state of being dark in colour;; evil

accuracy (noun)

the state of being exact or correct; the ability to do something skilfully without making mistakes

complexity (noun)

the state of being formed of many parts; the state of being difficult to understand;; the features of a problem or situation that are difficult to understand

exposure (noun)

the state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection from something harmful or unpleasant;; the state of having the true facts about somebody/something told after they have been hidden because they are bad, immoral or illegal;; the fact of being discussed or mentioned on television, in newspapers, etc.;; a medical condition caused by being out in very cold weather for too long without protection;; a length of film in a camera that is used to take a photograph;; the length of time for which light is allowed to reach the film when taking a photograph;; the act of showing something that is usually hidden

detention (noun)

the state of being kept in a place, especially a prison, and prevented from leaving;; the punishment of being kept at school for a time after other students have gone home

comfort (noun)

the state of being physically relaxed and free from pain; the state of having a pleasant life, with everything that you need;; a feeling of not suffering or worrying so much; a feeling of being less unhappy;; a person or thing that helps you when you are suffering, worried or unhappy;; a thing that makes your life easier or more comfortable;; so near that it is uncomfortable or dangerous

exile (noun)

the state of being sent to live in another country that is not your own, especially for political reasons or as a punishment;; a person who chooses, or is forced to live away from his or her own country

excitement (noun)

the state of feeling excited;; something that you find exciting

anxiety (noun)

the state of feeling nervous or worried that something bad is going to happen;; a worry or fear about something;; a strong feeling of wanting to do something or of wanting something to happen

dependence (noun)

the state of needing the help and support of somebody/something in order to survive or be successful;; the state of being addicted to something (= unable to stop taking or using it);; the fact of one thing being affected by another

deficiency (noun)

the state of not having, or not having enough of, something that is essential;; a fault or a weakness in something/somebody that makes it or them less successful

existence (noun)

the state or fact of being real or living or of being present;; a way of living especially when this is difficult or boring

condition (noun)

the state that something is in;; the state of somebody's health or how fit they are;; an illness or a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it;; the circumstances or situation in which people live, work or do things;; the physical situation that affects how something happens;; a rule or decision that you must agree to, sometimes forming part of a contract or an official agreement;; a situation that must exist in order for something else to happen;; the state of a particular group of people because of their situation in life, their problems, etc.;; new or as good as new; in perfect condition;; not in any situation; never

biography (noun)

the story of a person's life written by somebody else; this type of writing

anger (noun)

the strong feeling that you have when something has happened that you think is bad and unfair

economics (noun)

the study of how a society organizes its money, trade and industry;; the way in which money influences, or is organized within, an area of business or society

curriculum (noun)

the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.

explosion (noun)

the sudden violent bursting and loud noise of something such as a bomb exploding; the act of deliberately causing something to explode;; a large, sudden or rapid increase in the amount or number of something;; a sudden, violent expression of emotion, especially anger

constitution (noun)

the system of laws and basic principles that a state, a country or an organization is governed by;; The US Constitution was created after the American Revolution when leaders from each state held a meeting called the Constitutional Convention to agree on a document describing the new system of government and limiting its powers, which was signed in 1789. This established the three branches of government: the legislative branch which consists of Congress, the judicial branch which is the Supreme Court and lower courts created by Congress and the executive branch which consists of the president, vice-president and government departments. The Constitution contains details about the responsibilities of each branch and who can be elected to Congress. It says that the US government is responsible for protecting individual states. Since 1789 there have been 27 amendments (= changes) to the Constitution including the Bill of Rights (1791) which promised citizens a number of rights such as the right to free speech and freedom of religion. There is sometimes disagreement about how to interpret the Constitution, some people believing that it is better to follow exactly what the Constitution says and others that it is necessary to consider what the intention of each part was and how that relates to the situation today. The Supreme Court can decide that a law is unconstitutional so that it cannot be used any more.;; the condition of a person's body and how healthy it is;; the way something is formed or organized;; the act of forming something

currency (noun)

the system of money that a country uses;; the fact that something is used or accepted by a lot of people

bureaucracy (noun)

the system of official rules and ways of doing things that a government or an organization has, especially when these seem to be too complicated;; a system of government in which there are a large number of state officials who are not elected; a country with such a system

ballot (noun)

the system of voting in writing and usually in secret; an occasion on which a vote is held;; the piece of paper on which somebody marks who they are voting for;; the total number of votes in an election

cream (noun)

the thick pale yellowish-white fatty liquid that rises to the top of milk, used in cooking or as a type of sauce to put on fruit, etc.;; a sweet/candy that has a soft substance like cream inside;; a soft substance or thick liquid used on your skin to protect it or make it feel soft; a similar substance used for cleaning things;; a pale yellowish-white colour;; the best people or things in a particular group;; very pleased with yourself

content (noun)

the things that are contained in something;; the different sections that are contained in a book;; the subject matter of a book, speech, programme, etc.;; the amount of a substance that is contained in something else;; the information or other material contained on a website or other digital media

equipment (noun)

the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity;; the process of providing a place or person with necessary things

clothes (noun)

the things that you wear, such as trousers/pants, dresses and jackets;; used to describe a situation in which everybody suddenly realizes that they were mistaken in believing that somebody/something was very good, important, etc.

dawn (noun)

the time of day when light first appears;; the beginning or first signs of something;; very early in the morning;; the moment in the early hours of the morning when it begins to get light

birth (noun)

the time when a baby is born; the process of being born;; the beginning of a new situation, idea, place, etc.;; a person's origin or the social position of their family;; to produce a baby or young animal

beginning (noun)

the time when something starts; the first part of an event, a story, etc.;; the first or early ideas, signs or stages of something;; the first sign of something ending

apparatus (noun)

the tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task;; the structure of a system or an organization, particularly that of a political party or a government;; a system of organs in the body

ceiling (noun)

the top inside surface of a room;; the highest limit or amount of something;; the greatest height at which a particular aircraft is able to fly;; to suddenly become very angry

desktop (noun)

the top of a desk;; a screen on a computer which shows the icons of the programs that can be used

deck (noun)

the top outside floor of a ship or boat;; one of the floors of a ship or a bus;; a complete set of 52 playing cards;; a wooden floor that is built outside the back of a house where you can sit and relax;; a part of a sound system that records and/or plays sounds on a disc or tape;; everyone helps or must help, especially in a difficult situation;; to prepare for an activity, event, etc. by removing anything that is not essential to it;; to fall to the ground

chest (noun)

the top part of the front of the body, between the neck and the stomach;; having the type of chest mentioned;; a large strong box, usually made of wood, used for storing things in and/or moving them from one place to another;; to talk about something that has been worrying you for a long time so that you feel less anxious;; to keep your ideas, plans, etc. secret

dollar (noun)

the unit of money in the US, Canada, Australia and several other countries;; a banknote or coin worth one dollar;; the value of the US dollar compared with the value of the money of other countries;; to look/feel extremely good;; used to say that you are certain that something will happen

euro (noun)

the unit of money of some countries of the European Union

abuse (noun)

the use of something in a way that is wrong or harmful;; unfair, cruel or violent treatment of somebody;; rude and offensive remarks, usually made when somebody is very angry

art (noun)

the use of the imagination to express ideas or feelings, particularly in painting, drawing or sculpture;; examples of objects such as paintings, drawings or sculptures;; the skill of creating objects such as paintings and drawings, especially when you study it;; art, music, theatre, literature, etc. when you think of them as a group;; a type of visual or performing art;; the subjects you can study at school or university that are not scientific, such as languages, history or literature;; an ability or a skill that you can develop with training and practice;; to learn to do something well and efficiently

dynamic (noun)

the way in which people or things behave and react to each other in a particular situation;; the science of the forces involved in movement;; a force that produces change, action or effects;; changes in volume in music

convention (noun)

the way in which something is done that most people in a society expect and consider to be polite or the right way to do it;; a large meeting of the members of a profession, a political party, etc.;; an official agreement between countries or leaders;; a traditional method or style in literature, art or the theatre

difference (noun)

the way in which two people or things are not like each other; the way in which somebody/something has changed;; the amount that something is greater or smaller than something else;; a disagreement between people;; used to emphasize how much difference there is between two things;; to stop being unfriendly and become friends again;; to have an important effect on somebody/something; to make somebody feel better;; to have an effect/no effect on somebody/something;; used to say that you think the differences between two things are not important;; to agree to forget about your disagreements;; (when discussing a price, etc.) to agree on an amount that is at an equal distance between the two amounts that have been suggested;; used to show that something is interesting or unusual

behaviour (noun)

the way that somebody behaves, especially towards other people;; the way a person, an animal, a plant, a chemical, etc. behaves or functions in a particular situation;; to behave in the most polite way you can

driving (noun)

the way that somebody drives a vehicle; the act of driving;; to be the person in control of a situation

appearance (noun)

the way that somebody/something looks on the outside; what somebody/something seems to be;; the fact of somebody/something arriving, especially when it is not expected;; the moment at which something begins to exist or starts to be seen or used;; an act of appearing in public, especially as a performer, politician, etc., or in court;; an act of being published or broadcast

distribution (noun)

the way that something is shared or exists over a particular area or among a particular group of people;; the act of giving or delivering something to a number of people;; the system of transporting and delivering goods

attitude (noun)

the way that you think and feel about somebody/something; the way that you behave towards somebody/something that shows how you think and feel;; confident, sometimes aggressive behaviour that shows you do not care about other people's opinions and that you want to do things in an individual way;; a position of the body;; to hold your body in a particular way to create a particular impression

all (determiner)

the whole number of;; the whole amount of;; used with singular nouns showing something has been happening for a whole period of time;; the greatest possible;; consisting or appearing to consist of one thing only;; any whatever;; and other similar things;; despite;; used to say that something is not important or of no interest or value to you/somebody;; not particularly good, well, etc.;; not as much as has been suggested;; used to express anger;; used to express surprise because somebody/something seems the least likely person, example, etc.

body (noun)

the whole physical structure of a human or an animal;; the main part of a body not including the head, or not including the head, arms and legs;; the body of a dead person or animal;; the main part of something, especially a building, a vehicle or a book, an article, etc.;; a group of people who work or act together, often for an official purpose, or who are connected in some other way;; a large amount or collection of something;; an object;; the full strong flavour of alcoholic drinks or the thick healthy quality of somebody's hair;; having the type of body mentioned;; a piece of clothing which fits tightly over a woman's upper body and bottom, usually fastening between the legs;; with all your energy;; to stay alive with just enough of the food, clothing, etc. that you need;; to have none of the quality mentioned;; used to show you are strongly opposed to something;; to have sex with somebody in exchange for money

cleaning (noun)

the work of making the inside of a house, etc. clean

earth (noun)

the world; the planet that we live on;; land; the hard surface of the world that is not the sea or the sky; the ground;; the substance that plants grow in;; the hole where an animal, especially a fox, lives;; a wire that connects an electric circuit with the ground and makes it safe;; to be, feel, look, taste, etc. very bad;; to charge, etc. a lot of money;; to return, or to make somebody return, to a normal way of thinking or behaving after a time when they have been very excited, not very practical, etc.;; to disappear completely;; to have sex;; to hide, especially to escape from somebody who is chasing you;; used to emphasize the question you are asking when you are surprised or angry or cannot think of an obvious answer;; to do everything you possibly can in order to achieve something;; used after negative nouns or pronouns to emphasize what you are saying;; to make promises that will be impossible to keep;; to find somebody/something after looking hard for a long time;; a very good and honest person that you can always depend on;; to destroy or remove somebody/something completely

card (noun)

thick stiff paper;; a small piece of stiff paper or plastic with information on it, especially information about somebody's identity;; a small piece of plastic, especially one given by a bank or shop/store, used for buying things or obtaining money;; a piece of stiff paper that is folded in the middle and has a picture on the front of it, used for sending somebody a message with your good wishes, an invitation, etc.;; a game or games in which playing cards are used;; a small device containing an electronic circuit that is part of a computer or added to it, enabling it to perform particular functions;; an unusual or amusing person;; a list of all the races at a particular race meeting (= a series of horse races);; a machine or tool used for cleaning and combing wool or cotton before it is spun;; something that gives somebody an advantage over other people in a particular situation;; you are unlikely to succeed because the conditions are not good for you;; you are likely to succeed because the conditions are good and you have an advantage;; to be told to leave a job;; to make somebody leave their job;; to have an idea, a plan, etc. that will give you an advantage in a particular situation and that you keep secret until it is needed;; to be able to control a particular situation because you have an advantage over other people;; to keep your ideas, plans, etc. secret;; to tell somebody honestly what your plans, ideas, etc. are;; likely to happen;; to mention a particular subject, idea or quality in order to gain an advantage;; to deal successfully with a particular situation so that you achieve some advantage or something that you want;; to make your plans or intentions known

cable (noun)

thick strong metal rope used on ships, for supporting bridges, etc.;; a set of wires, covered in plastic or rubber, that carries electricity, telephone signals, etc.;; a message sent by electrical signals and printed out

expression (noun)

things that people say, write or do in order to show their feelings, opinions and ideas;; a look on a person's face that shows their thoughts or feelings;; a word or phrase;; a strong show of feeling when you are playing music, speaking, acting, etc.;; a group of signs that represent an idea or a quantity

extremely (adverb)

to a very high degree

acknowledge (verb)

to accept that something is true;; to accept that somebody/something has a particular authority or status;; to tell somebody that you have received something that they sent to you;; to show that you have noticed somebody/something by smiling, waving, etc.;; to publicly express thanks for help you have been given

complement (verb)

to add to something in a way that improves it or makes it more attractive

concede (verb)

to admit that something is true, logical, etc.;; to give something away, especially unwillingly; to allow somebody to have something;; to admit that you have lost a game, an election, etc.

confess (verb)

to admit, especially formally or to the police, that you have done something wrong or illegal;; to admit something that you feel ashamed or embarrassed about;; to tell God or a priest about the bad things you have done so that you can say that you are sorry and be forgiven;; to hear somebody confess their sins (= the bad things they have done)

concern (verb)

to affect somebody/something; to involve somebody/something;; to be about something;; to worry somebody;; to take an interest in something;; to think it is important to do something;; used to give facts or an opinion about a particular aspect of something

admit (verb)

to agree, often unwillingly, that something is true;; to say that you have done something wrong or illegal;; to allow somebody/something to enter a place;; to allow somebody to become a member of a club, a school or an organization;; to take somebody to a hospital, or other institution where they can receive special care

confront (verb)

to appear and need to be dealt with by somebody;; to deal with a problem or difficult situation;; to face somebody so that they cannot avoid seeing and hearing you, especially in an unfriendly or dangerous situation;; to make somebody face or deal with an unpleasant or difficult person or situation;; to have something in front of you that you have to deal with or react to

enrol (verb)

to arrange for yourself or for somebody else to officially join a course, school, etc.

classify (verb)

to arrange something in groups according to features that they have in common;; to decide which type or group somebody/something belongs to

align (verb)

to arrange something in the correct position, or to be in the correct position, in relation to something else, especially in a straight line;; to change something slightly so that it is in the correct relationship to something else

dispose (verb)

to arrange things or people in a particular way or position;; to make somebody behave in a particular way

bless (verb)

to ask God to protect somebody/something;; to make something holy by saying a prayer over it;; to call God holy; to praise God;; used to express surprise;; to have something good such as ability, great happiness, etc.;; said to somebody after they have sneezed;; used to show that you are pleased with somebody, especially because of something they have done;; used when you are leaving somebody, to say that you hope they will be safe, etc.

enquire (verb)

to ask somebody for some information

beg (verb)

to ask somebody for something especially in an anxious way because you want or need it very much;; to ask somebody for money, food, etc., especially in the street;; if a dog begs, it sits on its back legs with its front legs in the air, waiting to be given something;; to ask somebody for permission to do something;; if something is going begging, it is available because nobody else wants it;; to ask somebody to forgive you for something you have said or done;; to make somebody want to ask a question that has not yet been answered;; to talk about something as if it were definitely true, even though it might not be;; used to tell somebody that you are sorry for something you have said or done;; used to ask somebody to repeat what they have just said because you did not hear;; used to tell somebody that you are offended by what they have just said or by the way that they have said it;; used to say politely that you do not agree with something that has just been said

bear (verb)

to be able to accept and deal with something unpleasant;; to not be suitable for something;; to take responsibility for something;; to have a feeling, especially a negative feeling;; to support the weight of somebody/something;; to show something; to carry something so that it can be seen;; to have a particular name;; to carry somebody/something, especially while moving;; to move, behave or act in a particular way;; to give birth to a child;; to produce flowers or fruit;; to go or turn in the direction mentioned;; to be a soldier; to fight;; to have a successful result;; to provide evidence of the truth of something;; to be a cause of difficulty or suffering to somebody;; to remember somebody/something; to remember or consider that...;; to receive the main force of something unpleasant;; to be realized by somebody, especially after a period of time;; to use energy, pressure, influence, etc. to try to achieve something or make somebody do something;; to accept pain, disappointment or a difficult situation without complaining;; to have a difficult problem that makes you worried or unhappy but that you have to deal with

dare (verb)

to be brave enough to do something;; to persuade somebody to do something dangerous, difficult or embarrassing so that they can show that they are not afraid;; used to tell somebody strongly not to do something;; used to show that you are angry about something that somebody has done;; used when you are saying that something is probable

constitute (verb)

to be considered to be something;; to be the parts that together form something;; to form a group legally or officially

break (verb)

to be damaged and separated into two or more parts , as a result of force; to damage something in this way;; to stop working as a result of being damaged; to damage something and stop it from working;; to cut the surface of the skin and make it bleed;; to do something that is against the law; to not keep a promise, etc.;; to stop doing something for a while, especially when it is time to eat or have a drink;; to interrupt something so that it ends suddenly;; to make something end by using force or strong action;; to end a connection with something or a relationship with somebody;; to get away from or out of a position in which they are stuck or trapped;; to destroy something or make somebody/something weaker; to become weak or be destroyed;; to make somebody feel so sad, lonely, etc. that they cannot live a normal life;; to change suddenly, usually after a period when it has been fine;; to show an opening;; when the day or dawn or a storm breaks, it begins;; if a piece of news breaks, it becomes known;; to be the first to tell somebody some bad news;; if somebody's voice breaks, it changes its tone because of emotion;; when a boy's voice breaks, it becomes permanently deeper at about the age of 13 or 14;; to do something better, faster, etc. than anyone has ever done it before;; when waves break, they fall and are dissolved into foam, usually near land;; to find the meaning of something secret;; to change a banknote for coins

differ (verb)

to be different from somebody/something;; to disagree with somebody;; if two people agree to differ, they accept that they have different opinions about something, but they decide not to discuss it any longer;; used to say politely that you do not agree with something that has just been said

exceed (verb)

to be greater than a particular number or amount;; to do more than the law or an order, etc. allows you to do

belong (verb)

to be in the right or suitable place;; to feel comfortable and happy in a particular situation or with a particular group of people

expire (verb)

to be no longer valid because the period of time for which it could be used has ended;; to end;; to die

attend (verb)

to be present at an event;; to go regularly to a place;; to pay attention to what somebody is saying or to what you are doing;; to happen at the same time as something;; to be with somebody and help them

exist (verb)

to be real; to be present in a place or situation;; to live, especially in a difficult situation or with very little money

discover (verb)

to be the first person to become aware that a particular place or thing exists;; to find somebody/something that was hidden or that you did not expect to find;; to find out about something; to find some information about something;; to be the first person to realize that somebody is very good at singing, acting, etc. and help them to become successful and famous

correspond (verb)

to be the same as or match something;; to be similar to or the same as something else;; to write letters to somebody and receive letters from them

characterize (verb)

to be typical of a person, place or thing;; to give somebody/something its typical or most noticeable qualities or features;; to describe or show the qualities of somebody/something in a particular way

alter (verb)

to become different; to make somebody/something different;; to make changes to a piece of clothing so that it will fit you better

change (verb)

to become different;; to make somebody/something different;; to pass or make somebody/something pass from one state or form into another;; to stop having one state, position or direction and start having another;; to replace one thing, person, service, etc. with something new or different;; to exchange positions, places, etc. with somebody else, so that you have what they have, and they have what you have;; to put on different or clean clothes;; to put clean clothes or a clean nappy / diaper on a baby;; to put clean sheets, etc. on a bed;; to exchange money into the money of another country;; to exchange money for the same amount in different coins or notes;; to exchange something that you have bought for something else, especially because there is something wrong with it; to give a customer a new item because there is something wrong with the one they have bought;; to go from one bus, train, etc. to another in order to continue a journey;; to pass to a different owner;; to change to a different or new activity while you are in the middle of something else; to change from supporting one person or thing to another;; to be in somebody else's situation;; to express a different opinion or behave in a different way when your situation changes;; to start to live or behave in a different way from before;; to change a decision or an opinion;; to keep changing your mind or what you are doing;; people cannot change their character, especially if they have a bad character

expand (verb)

to become greater in size, number or importance; to make something greater in size, number or importance;; if a business expands or is expanded, new branches are opened, it makes more money, etc.;; to talk more; to add details to what you are saying

disappear (verb)

to become impossible to see;; to stop existing;; to be lost or impossible to find;; if a person is disappeared, they are arrested or captured and kept in prison without trial or killed, usually for political reasons;; to remove something secretly or illegally so that it cannot be found

decrease (verb)

to become or make something become smaller in size, number, etc.

escalate (verb)

to become or make something greater, worse, more serious, etc.

fade (verb)

to become or to make something become paler or less bright;; to disappear gradually;; if a sports player, team, actor, etc. fades, they stop playing or performing as well as they did before;; to behave in a way that does not attract any attention; to disappear or hide

diminish (verb)

to become or to make something become smaller, weaker, etc.;; to make somebody/something seem less important than they really are

deteriorate (verb)

to become worse

commence (verb)

to begin to happen; to begin something

burst (verb)

to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make something break in this way;; to go or move somewhere suddenly with great force; to come from somewhere suddenly;; to be very full of something; to be very full and almost breaking open;; to be very full, especially of people;; to want to do something so much that you can hardly stop yourself;; there is a sudden end to a good or lucky situation;; to bring an end to somebody's hopes, happiness, etc.;; to open suddenly or violently; to make something open in this way

crack (verb)

to break without dividing into separate parts; to break something in this way;; to break open or into pieces; to break something in this way;; to hit something/somebody with a short hard blow;; to make a sharp sound; to make something do this;; if your voice cracks, it changes in depth, volume, etc. suddenly and in a way that you cannot control;; to no longer be able to function normally because of pressure;; to find the solution to a problem, etc; to find the way to do something difficult;; to find a way of stopping or defeating a criminal or an enemy;; to open a bottle, especially of wine, and drink it;; to tell a joke;; to use your authority or power to make somebody work very hard, usually by treating them in a strict way;; to make jokes;; to begin immediately and work quickly;; a difficult problem or situation to deal with;; not as good as people say;; to use more force than is necessary

evoke (verb)

to bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind

construct (verb)

to build or make something such as a road, building or machine;; to form something by putting different things together;; to draw a line or shape according to the rules of mathematics

explode (verb)

to burst or make something burst loudly and violently, causing damage;; to suddenly become very angry or dangerous;; to suddenly express an emotion;; to suddenly and quickly do something; to move suddenly with a lot of force;; to make a sudden very loud noise;; to increase suddenly and very quickly in number;; to show that something is not true, especially something that people believe

compute (verb)

to calculate something

capture (verb)

to catch a person or an animal and keep them as a prisoner or in a confined space;; to take control of a place, building, etc. using force;; to succeed in getting control of something that other people are also trying to control;; to make somebody interested in something;; to succeed in accurately expressing a feeling, an atmosphere, etc. in a picture, piece of writing, film/movie, etc.;; to film/record/paint, etc. somebody/something;; to make somebody love you;; to put something into a computer in a form it can use

disadvantage (verb)

to cause problems and tend to stop somebody/something from succeeding or making progress

amend (verb)

to change a law, document, statement, etc. slightly in order to correct a mistake or to improve it

convert (verb)

to change or make something change from one form, purpose, system, etc. to another;; to be able to be changed from one form, purpose, or system to another;; to change or make somebody change their religion or beliefs;; to change an opinion, a habit, etc.;; to score extra points after a try or a touchdown;; to speak to people in support of views that they already hold

adapt (verb)

to change something in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation;; to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully with a new situation;; to change a book or play so that it can be made into a play, film/movie, television programme, etc.

adjust (verb)

to change something slightly to make it more suitable for a new set of conditions or to make it work better;; to get used to a new situation by changing the way you behave and/or think;; to move something slightly so that it looks neater or feels more comfortable

distort (verb)

to change the shape, appearance or sound of something so that it is strange or not clear;; to twist or change facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer correct or true

appoint (verb)

to choose somebody for a job or position of responsibility;; to arrange or decide on a time or place for doing something

elect (verb)

to choose somebody to do a particular job by voting for them;; to choose to do something

compose (verb)

to combine together to form a whole;; to write music;; to write a letter, etc. usually with a lot of care and thought;; to manage to control your feelings or expression

approach (verb)

to come near to somebody/something in distance or time;; to speak to somebody about something, especially to ask them for something or to offer to do something;; to come close to something in amount, level or quality;; to start dealing with a problem, task, etc. in a particular way

descend (verb)

to come or go down from a higher to a lower level;; to slope downwards;; to arrive and begin to affect somebody/something

enter (verb)

to come or go into something;; to become a member of an institution; to start working in an organization or a profession;; to begin or become involved in an activity, a situation, etc.;; to put your name on the list for an exam, a race, a competition, etc.; to do this for somebody;; to put names, numbers, details, etc. in a list, book or computer;; to say something officially so that it can be recorded;; to start being used;; to apply for a place at a school, in a competition, etc. for somebody or yourself

emerge (verb)

to come out of a dark, confined or hidden place.;; to become known;; to start to exist; to appear or become known;; to survive a difficult situation or experience

born (verb)

to come out of your mother's body at the beginning of your life;; to start to exist;; born in the order, way, place, etc. mentioned;; to behave or do things in a particular manner because it is part of your character;; to have something as your destiny (= what is certain to happen to you) from birth;; born and having grown up in a particular place with a particular background and education;; having rich parents;; used when you are very surprised at something you have never heard or seen before;; used to say that you are not stupid enough to believe what somebody is telling you;; to have an easy life without realizing how easy it is;; used to say that somebody is very stupid;; as if something is natural for you and you have done it many times in the past

bring (verb)

to come to a place with somebody/something;; to provide somebody/something with something;; to cause something;; to cause somebody/something to be in a particular condition or place;; to make somebody/something move in a particular direction or way;; to officially accuse somebody of a crime;; to force yourself to do something;; to make a great effort and perform well;; used to express confidence about a challenge

assemble (verb)

to come together as a group; to bring people or things together as a group;; to fit together all the separate parts of something, for example a piece of furniture

combine (verb)

to come together to form a single thing or group; to join two or more things or groups together to form a single one;; to have two or more different features or characteristics; to put two or more different things, features or qualities together;; to do two or more things at the same time;; to come together in order to work or act together; to put two things or groups together so that they work or act together;; to work together in order to achieve a shared aim

devastate (verb)

to completely destroy a place or an area;; to make somebody feel very shocked and sad

examine (verb)

to consider or study an idea, a subject, etc. very carefully;; to look at somebody/something closely, to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem;; to give somebody a test to see how much they know about a subject or what they can do;; to ask somebody questions formally, especially in court;; to be crazy

dominate (verb)

to control or have a lot of influence over somebody/something, especially in an unpleasant way;; to be the most important or noticeable feature of something;; to be the largest, highest or most obvious thing in a place;; to play much better than your opponent in a game

bake (verb)

to cook food in an oven without extra fat or liquid; to be cooked in this way;; to become or to make something become hard by heating;; to be or become very hot

chop (verb)

to cut something into pieces with a sharp tool such as a knife;; to reduce something by a large amount; to stop something;; to hit somebody/something with a short downward stroke or blow;; to keep changing your mind or what you are doing

destroy (verb)

to damage something so badly that it no longer exists, works, etc.;; to kill an animal deliberately, usually because it is sick or not wanted

cope (verb)

to deal successfully with something difficult

convict (verb)

to decide and state officially in court that somebody is guilty of a crime

conclude (verb)

to decide or believe something as a result of what you have heard or seen;; to come to an end; to bring something to an end;; to arrange and settle an agreement with somebody formally and finally

ban (verb)

to decide or say officially that something is not allowed;; to order somebody not to do something, go somewhere, etc., especially officially

dismiss (verb)

to decide that somebody/something is not important and not worth thinking or talking about;; to put thoughts or feelings out of your mind;; to officially remove somebody from their job;; to send somebody away or allow them to leave;; to say that a trial or legal case should not continue, usually because there is not enough evidence;; to end the innings of a player or team

cancel (verb)

to decide that something that has been arranged will not now take place;; to say that you no longer want to continue with an agreement, especially one that has been legally arranged;; to mark a ticket or stamp so that it cannot be used again

choose (verb)

to decide which thing or person you want out of the ones that are available;; to prefer or decide to do something;; to choose only those things that you like or want very much;; there is very little difference between two or more things or people

beat (verb)

to defeat somebody in a game or competition;; to get control of something;; to be too difficult for somebody;; to do or be better than something;; to avoid something;; to hit somebody/something many times, usually very hard;; to make, or cause something to make, a regular sound or movement;; to mix something with short quick movements with a fork, etc.;; to change the shape of something, especially metal, by hitting it with a hammer , etc.;; to make a path, etc. by walking somewhere or by pressing branches down and walking over them;; to talk about something for a long time without coming to the main point;; to defeat or do better than somebody in an activity which they have chosen or in which they think they are strong;; to speak with enthusiasm in support of somebody/something;; to think very hard about something for a long time;; to show that you feel sorry about something that you have done, especially in public and in an exaggerated way;; to finish a task, race, etc. before a particular time;; to go away immediately;; to hit somebody/something very hard;; to hit somebody very hard several times and hurt them very much;; if a lot of people beat a path to somebody's door, they are all interested in something that person has to sell, or can do or tell them;; to escape without being punished;; to go away or back quickly, especially to avoid something unpleasant;; to mark or follow the rhythm of music, by waving a stick, tapping your foot, etc.;; to get or do something before somebody else can;; (to hit somebody until they are) covered with bruises (= blue, brown or purple marks on the body);; used to express surprise or anger;; if you cannot defeat somebody or be as successful as they are, then it is more sensible to join them in what they are doing and perhaps get some advantage for yourself by doing so;; far away from other people, houses, etc.;; a fact, an argument, etc. that is used in order to blame or punish somebody;; to be difficult to beat

exclude (verb)

to deliberately not include something in what you are doing or considering;; to prevent somebody/something from entering a place or taking part in something;; to decide that something is not possible

evolve (verb)

to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop something in this way;; to develop over time, often many generations, into forms that are better adapted to survive changes in their environment

drown (verb)

to die because you have been underwater too long and you cannot breathe; to kill somebody in this way;; to make something very wet; to completely cover something in water or another liquid;; to be louder than other sounds so that you cannot hear them;; to get drunk in order to forget your problems

detect (verb)

to discover or notice something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear, etc.

determine (verb)

to discover the facts about something; to calculate something exactly;; to make something happen in a particular way or be of a particular type;; to officially decide and/or arrange something;; to decide definitely to do something

confer (verb)

to discuss something with somebody, in order to exchange opinions or get advice;; to give somebody an award, a university degree or a particular honour or right

commit (verb)

to do something wrong or illegal;; to kill yourself deliberately;; to promise sincerely that you will definitely do something, keep to an agreement or arrangement, etc.;; to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it;; to be completely loyal to one person, organization, etc. or give all your time and effort to your work, an activity, etc.;; to spend money or time on something/somebody;; to order somebody to be sent to a hospital, prison, etc.;; to send somebody for trial in court;; to learn something well enough to remember it exactly;; to write something down

behave (verb)

to do things in a particular way;; to do things in a way that people think is correct or polite;; behaving in the way mentioned;; to naturally react, move, etc. in a particular way;; to behave in a very confident way that annoys other people, for example by telling them what to do

compare (verb)

to examine people or things to see how they are similar and how they are different;; to be similar to somebody/something else, either better or worse;; to show or state that somebody/something is similar to somebody/something else;; if two or more people compare notes, they each say what they think about the same event, situation, etc.;; it is impossible to say that one thing is better than another if the two are completely different

check (verb)

to examine something to see if it is correct, safe or acceptable;; to find out if something/somebody is present, correct or true or if something is how you think it is;; to control something; to stop something from increasing or getting worse;; to stop yourself from saying or doing something or from showing a particular emotion;; to leave coats, bags, etc. in an official place (called a checkroom) while you are visiting a club, restaurant, etc.;; to leave bags or cases with an official so that they can be put on a plane or train;; to put a mark (✓) next to an item on a list, an answer, etc.

analyse (verb)

to examine the nature or structure of something, especially by separating it into its parts, in order to understand or explain it

communicate (verb)

to exchange information, news, ideas, etc. with somebody;; to make your ideas, feelings, thoughts, etc. known to other people so that they understand them;; to have a good relationship because you are able to understand and talk about your own and other people's thoughts, feelings, etc.;; to pass a disease from one person, animal, etc. to another;; if two rooms communicate, they are next to each other and you can get from one to the other

be (verb)

to exist; to be present;; to be located; to be in a place;; to happen at a time or in a place;; to remain in a place;; to attend an event; to be present in a place;; to visit or call;; used to say where somebody was born or where their home is;; used when you are naming people or things, describing them or giving more information about them;; used when you are describing a situation or saying what you think about it;; used to talk about time;; used to say what something is made of;; used to say who something belongs to or who it is intended for;; to cost;; to be equal to;; used to say how important something is to somebody;; as somebody/something used to be called;; the most important part; all that matters;; used to show that you are surprised and annoyed by something that somebody has done;; used to say that somebody/something stopped somebody/something from happening;; used to show that you accept that something negative cannot be changed;; to leave somebody/something alone without disturbing them or it;; future

anticipate (verb)

to expect something;; to see what might happen in the future and take action to prepare for it;; to think with pleasure and excitement about something that is going to happen;; to do something before it can be done by somebody else

endure (verb)

to experience and deal with something that is painful or unpleasant, especially without complaining;; to continue to exist for a long time

encounter (verb)

to experience something, especially something unpleasant or difficult, while you are trying to do something else;; to meet somebody, or discover or experience something, especially somebody/something new, unusual or unexpected

articulate (verb)

to express or explain your thoughts or feelings clearly in words;; to speak, pronounce or play something in a clear way;; to be related to something so that together the two parts form a whole;; to be joined to something else by a joint, so that movement is possible; to join something in this way

embody (verb)

to express or represent an idea or a quality;; to include or contain something

condemn (verb)

to express very strong disapproval of somebody/something, usually for moral reasons;; to say what somebody's punishment will be;; to force somebody to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation;; to say officially that something is not safe enough to be used;; to show or suggest that somebody is guilty of something

collapse (verb)

to fall down or fall in suddenly, often after breaking apart;; to fall down (and usually become unconscious), especially because you are very ill/sick;; to sit or lie down and relax, especially after working hard;; to fail suddenly or completely;; to decrease suddenly in amount or value;; to fold something into a shape that uses less space; to be able to be folded in this way;; if a lung or blood vessel collapses or is collapsed, it falls in and becomes flat and empty

drop (verb)

to fall or allow something to fall by accident;; to fall or make something fall deliberately;; to fall down or be no longer able to stand because you are extremely tired;; to become or make something weaker, lower or less;; to look down;; to slope steeply downwards;; to stop so that somebody can get out of a car, etc.; to deliver something on the way to somewhere else;; to send a short letter to somebody;; to leave somebody/something out by accident or deliberately;; to stop seeing somebody socially;; to stop doing or discussing something; to not continue with something;; to say or do something in order to show somebody, in an indirect way, what you are thinking;; to let a stitch go off the needle;; people stop buying or using the products of a particular industry;; to die or fall down in very large numbers;; to make a mistake and spoil something that you are responsible for;; to say something that offends or embarrasses somebody, although you did not intend to;; to suddenly not be able to think clearly; to act in a stupid way because you have lost control over yourself;; to die suddenly and unexpectedly;; used to tell somebody, rudely, to stop annoying you, interfering, etc.;; to make something the responsibility of another person;; to put somebody in an embarrassing situation, especially by telling a secret that you should not have told;; to mention famous people you know or have met in order to impress others;; somebody has the opportunity to do something pleasant without having made any effort;; used to say that somebody suddenly looked surprised, shocked or disappointed;; to do or say nothing more about somebody/something;; to mention somebody/something in a conversation, by accident or as if by accident;; used to say that somebody has finally understood or realized something that they had not understood or realized before;; it was extremely quiet

attach (verb)

to fasten or join one thing to another;; to believe that something is important or worth thinking about;; to join somebody for a time, sometimes when you are not welcome or have not been invited;; to be connected with somebody/something; to connect something to something

believe (verb)

to feel certain that something is true or that somebody is telling you the truth;; to think that something is true or possible, although you are not completely certain;; to have the opinion that something is right or true;; used to say that you are surprised or annoyed at something;; to have a religious faith;; used to introduce information that is true but that may surprise people;; used to emphasize that you strongly believe what you are saying;; used to tell somebody that something is definitely not true;; to make somebody believe/understand something;; used to say that you are surprised or annoyed about something;; used to say that you think somebody is stupid if they believe that something is true;; to pretend that something is true;; to be very surprised at something you hear/see;; used to say that somebody will have to believe that something is true when they see it, although they do not think it is true now;; used to show that you are surprised and annoyed about something;; used to tell somebody that something is definitely true

embed (verb)

to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object;; to send a journalist, photographer, etc. to an area where there is fighting, so that he or she can travel with the army and report what is happening;; to place a sentence inside another sentence. In the sentence 'I'm aware that she knows', she knows is an embedded sentence.

compel (verb)

to force somebody to do something; to make something necessary;; to cause a particular reaction

conceive (verb)

to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mind; to imagine something;; when a woman conceives or conceives a child, she becomes pregnant

evaluate (verb)

to form an opinion of the amount, value or quality of something after thinking about it carefully

acquire (verb)

to gain something by your own efforts, ability or behaviour;; to obtain something by buying or being given it;; a thing that you do not like much at first but gradually learn to like

escape (verb)

to get away from a place where you have been kept as a prisoner or not allowed to leave;; to get away from an unpleasant or dangerous situation;; to avoid something unpleasant or dangerous;; to suffer no harm or less harm than you would expect;; to be forgotten or not noticed;; to get out of a container, especially through a hole or crack;; to come out from your mouth without you intending it to

download (verb)

to get data from another computer, usually using the Internet

earn (verb)

to get money for work that you do;; to get money as profit or interest on money you lend, have in a bank, etc.;; to get something that you deserve, usually because of something good you have done or because of the good qualities you have;; to earn enough money to live on;; to do useful or helpful things in return for being allowed to live or stay somewhere;; to be worth the amount of time or money that is being spent;; to get a position or reputation you deserve through work or achievements;; to achieve fame or success

embark (verb)

to get onto a ship; to put something onto a ship

enjoy (verb)

to get pleasure from something;; to be happy and get pleasure from what you are doing;; to have something good that is an advantage to you;; used to say that you hope somebody gets pleasure from something that you are giving them or recommending to them

discard (verb)

to get rid of something that you no longer want or need;; to get rid of a card that you do not want

dump (verb)

to get rid of something you do not want, especially in a place which is not suitable;; to get rid of somebody/something or leave them for somebody else to deal with;; to get rid of goods by selling them at a very low price, often in another country;; to put something down in a careless or untidy way;; to end a romantic relationship with somebody;; to copy information and move it somewhere to store it;; to make something the responsibility of another person

arrive (verb)

to get to a place, especially at the end of a journey;; to be brought to somebody;; to happen or to come, especially when you have been waiting for it;; somebody has become successful

concentrate (verb)

to give all your attention to something and not think about anything else;; to bring something together in one place;; to increase the strength of a substance by reducing its volume, for example by boiling it

deal (verb)

to give cards to each player in a game of cards;; to buy and sell illegal drugs;; to be very shocking or harmful to somebody/something;; to hit somebody/something;; used to tell somebody that they cannot change a situation so they must accept it;; to do a lot of complicated deals in business or politics, often in a dishonest way

betray (verb)

to give information about somebody/something to an enemy;; to hurt somebody who trusts you, especially by not being loyal or faithful to them;; to ignore your principles or beliefs in order to achieve something or gain an advantage for yourself;; to tell somebody or make them aware of a piece of information, a feeling, etc., usually without meaning to

donate (verb)

to give money, food, clothes, etc. to somebody/something, especially a charity;; to allow doctors to remove blood or a body organ in order to help somebody who needs it

authorize (verb)

to give official permission for something, or for somebody to do something

employ (verb)

to give somebody a job to do for payment;; to use something such as a skill, method, etc. for a particular purpose;; if a person or their time is employed in doing something, the person spends time doing that thing

disclose (verb)

to give somebody information about something, especially something that was previously secret;; to allow something that was hidden to be seen

discharge (verb)

to give somebody official permission to leave a place or job; to make somebody leave a job;; to allow somebody to leave prison or court;; when a gas or a liquid discharges or is discharged, or somebody discharges it, it flows somewhere;; to release force or power;; to do everything that is necessary to perform and complete a particular duty;; to fire a gun, etc.

assign (verb)

to give somebody something that they can use, or some work or responsibility;; to provide a person for a particular task or position;; to send a person to work under the authority of somebody or in a particular group;; to say that something has a particular value or function, or happens at a particular time or place;; to say that your property or rights now belong to somebody else

encourage (verb)

to give somebody support, courage or hope;; to persuade somebody to do something by making it easier for them and making them believe it is a good thing to do;; to make something more likely to happen or develop

empower (verb)

to give somebody the power or authority to do something;; to give somebody more control over their own life or the situation they are in

entitle (verb)

to give somebody the right to have or to do something;; to give a title to a book, play, etc.

elevate (verb)

to give somebody/something a higher position or rank, often more important than they deserve;; to lift something up or put something in a higher position;; to make the level of something increase;; to improve a person's mood, so that they feel happy

dub (verb)

to give somebody/something a particular name, often in a humorous or critical way;; to replace the original speech in a film/movie or television programme with words in another language;; to make a piece of music by mixing sounds from different recordings

call (verb)

to give somebody/something a particular name; to use a particular name or title when you are talking to somebody;; to describe somebody/something in a particular way; to consider somebody/something to be something;; to claim that you are a particular type of person, especially when other people question whether this is true;; to shout or say something loudly to attract somebody's attention;; to ask somebody to come by shouting or speaking loudly;; to ask somebody/something to come quickly to a particular place by telephoning;; to telephone somebody;; to order somebody to come to a place;; to make a short visit to a person or place;; to order something to happen; to announce that something will happen;; to make the cry that is typical for it;; to say which side of a coin you think will face upwards after it is thrown;; to shout out the steps for people performing a square dance or country dance;; to remember somebody/something;; to remind you of somebody/something;; to tell somebody to do what they are threatening to do, because you believe that they will not be cruel or brave enough to do it;; to make use of something;; to doubt something or make others doubt something;; to decide or agree to stop doing something;; to agree to end a contest, disagreement, etc. because both sides seem equal;; to decide to stop doing something;; to use insulting words about somebody;; to be the person who controls a situation;; to say exactly what you think without trying to hide your opinion;; to say or decide that it is time for something to finish;; to make somebody explain a mistake, etc. because they are responsible for it;; to ask people in a meeting to be quiet so that the meeting can start or continue;; the person who provides the money for something can also control how it is spent;; called to see somebody in authority because you have done something wrong;; used to say that you should not criticize somebody for a fault that you have yourself;; used instead of a name that you cannot remember

allocate (verb)

to give something officially to somebody/something for a particular purpose

contribute (verb)

to give something, especially money or goods, to help somebody/something;; to be one of the causes of something;; to increase, improve or add to something;; to write things for a newspaper, magazine, or a radio or television programme; to speak during a meeting or conversation, especially to give your opinion

emphasize (verb)

to give special importance to something;; to make something more noticeable;; to give extra force to a word or phrase when you are speaking, especially to show that it is important

appear (verb)

to give the impression of being or doing something;; to start to be seen;; to begin to exist or be known or used for the first time;; to be published or broadcast;; to take part in a film/movie, play, television programme, etc.;; to arrive at a place;; to be written or mentioned somewhere;; to be present in court in order to give evidence or answer a charge;; to act as somebody's lawyer in court

distribute (verb)

to give things to a large number of people; to share something between a number of people;; to send goods to shops/stores and businesses so that they can be sold;; to spread something, or different parts of something, over an area

consult (verb)

to go to somebody for information or advice;; to discuss something with somebody to get their permission for something, or to help you make a decision;; to look in or at something to get information

climb (verb)

to go up something towards the top;; to move somewhere, especially with difficulty or effort;; to go up mountains or climb rocks as a hobby or sport;; to go higher in the sky;; to slope upwards;; to grow up a wall or frame;; to increase in value or amount;; to move to a higher position or social rank by your own effort;; to join others in doing something that is becoming fashionable because you hope to become popular or successful yourself

accumulate (verb)

to gradually get more and more of something over a period of time;; to gradually increase in number or quantity over a period of time

develop (verb)

to gradually grow or become bigger, more advanced, stronger, etc.; to make something do this;; to think of or produce a new idea, product, etc. and make it successful;; to begin to have something such as a disease or a problem; to start to affect somebody/something;; to start to happen or change, especially in a bad way;; to start to have a skill, ability, quality, etc. that becomes better and stronger; to become better and stronger;; to build new houses, factories, etc. on an area of land, especially land that was not being used effectively before;; to make an idea, a story, etc. clearer by explaining it further;; to treat film which has been used to take photographs with chemicals so that the pictures can be seen

ensue (verb)

to happen after or as a result of another event

accelerate (verb)

to happen or to make something happen faster or earlier than expected;; to start to go faster

arise (verb)

to happen; to start to exist;; to happen as a result of a particular situation;; to begin to exist or develop;; to get out of bed; to stand up;; to come together to protest about something or to fight for something;; to become visible gradually as you move towards it

deem (verb)

to have a particular opinion about something

aspire (verb)

to have a strong desire to achieve or to become something

afford (verb)

to have enough money or time to be able to buy or to do something;; if you say that you can't afford to do something, you mean that you should not do it because it will cause problems for you if you do;; to provide somebody with something

breed (verb)

to have sex and produce young;; to keep animals or plants in order to produce young ones in a controlled way;; to be the cause of something;; to educate somebody in a particular way as they are growing up;; born and having grown up in a particular place with a particular background and education;; knowing somebody/something very well may cause you to lose admiration and respect for them/it

comprise (verb)

to have somebody/something as parts or members;; to be the parts or members that form something

agree (verb)

to have the same opinion as somebody; to say that you have the same opinion;; if people are agreed or something is agreed, everyone has the same opinion about something;; to say 'yes'; to say that you will do what somebody wants or that you will allow something to happen;; to decide with somebody else to do something or to have something;; to officially accept a plan, request, etc.;; to be the same as something;; to match a word or phrase in number, gender or person.;; if two people agree to differ, they accept that they have different opinions about something, but they decide not to discuss it any longer

able (adjective)

to have the skill, intelligence, opportunity, etc. needed to do something;; intelligent; good at something

assist (verb)

to help somebody to do something;; to help something to happen more easily

conceal (verb)

to hide somebody/something

cling (verb)

to hold on tightly to somebody/something;; to stick to something;; to stay close to somebody, especially because you need them emotionally

enrich (verb)

to improve the quality of something, often by adding something to it;; to make somebody/something rich or richer

encompass (verb)

to include a large number or range of things;; to surround or cover something completely

enhance (verb)

to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of somebody/something

disturb (verb)

to interrupt somebody when they are trying to work, sleep, etc.;; to move something or change its position;; to make somebody worry

devise (verb)

to invent something new or a new way of doing something

entertain (verb)

to invite people to eat or drink with you as your guests, especially in your home;; to interest and amuse somebody in order to please them;; to consider or allow yourself to think about an idea, a hope, a feeling, etc.

connect (verb)

to join together two or more things; to be joined together;; to join something to the main supply of electricity, gas, water, etc. or to another piece of equipment.;; to join a computer or a mobile device to the Internet or to a computer network;; to notice or make a link between people, things, events, etc.;; to arrive just before another one leaves so that passengers can change from one to the other;; to join telephone lines so that people can speak to each other;; to form a good relationship with somebody so that you like and understand each other;; to hit somebody/something

dive (verb)

to jump into water with your head and arms going in first;; to swim underwater wearing breathing equipment, collecting or looking at things;; to go to a deeper level underwater;; to go steeply down through the air;; to fall suddenly;; to move or jump quickly in a particular direction, especially to avoid something, to try to catch a ball, etc.;; to fall deliberately when somebody tackles you, so that the referee awards a foul

continue (verb)

to keep existing or happening without stopping;; to keep doing something without stopping;; to go or move further in the same direction;; to remain in a particular job or condition;; to start or start something again after stopping for a time;; to start speaking again after stopping

detain (verb)

to keep somebody in an official place, such as a police station, a prison or a hospital, and prevent them from leaving;; to delay somebody or prevent them from going somewhere

confine (verb)

to keep somebody/something inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc.;; to keep a person or an animal in a small or closed space;; to have to stay in bed, in a wheelchair, etc.

execute (verb)

to kill somebody, especially as a legal punishment;; to do a piece of work, perform a duty, put a plan into action, etc.;; to successfully perform a skilful action or movement;; to make or produce a work of art;; to follow the instructions in a legal document; to make a document legally valid

bend (verb)

to lean, or make something lean, in a particular direction;; if you bend your arm, leg, etc. or if it bends, you move it so that it is no longer straight;; to force something that was straight into an angle or a curve;; to change direction to form a curve or an angle; to make something change direction in this way;; to talk to somebody a lot about something, especially about a problem that you have;; to make a great effort, especially in order to be helpful or fair;; to think very hard about or put a lot of effort into one particular thing;; to change the rules to suit a particular person or situation;; to say something that is not completely true;; if you ask for something on bended knee(s), you ask for it in a very anxious and/or humble way

depart (verb)

to leave a place, especially to start a trip;; to leave your job;; to die. People say 'depart this life' to avoid saying 'die'.

abandon (verb)

to leave somebody, especially somebody you are responsible for, with no intention of returning;; to leave a thing or place, especially because it is impossible or dangerous to stay;; to stop doing something, especially before it is finished; to stop having something;; to stop supporting or helping somebody; to stop believing in something;; to feel an emotion so strongly that you can feel nothing else

allow (verb)

to let somebody/something do something; to let something happen or be done;; to let somebody have something;; to let somebody/something go into, through, out of, etc. a place;; to make something possible;; to make sure that you have enough of something for a particular purpose;; to accept or admit something; to agree that something is true or correct;; used to offer help politely;; to give somebody complete freedom of action; to allow a feeling to be expressed freely

cast (verb)

to look, smile, etc. in a particular direction;; to make light, a shadow, etc. appear in a particular place;; to say, do or suggest something that makes people doubt something or think that somebody is less honest, good, etc.;; to throw one end of a fishing line into a river, etc.;; to throw somebody/something somewhere, especially using force;; when a snake casts its skin, the skin comes off as part of a natural process;; if a horse casts a shoe, the shoe comes off by accident;; to choose actors to play the different parts in a film/movie, play, etc.; to choose an actor to play a particular role;; to describe or present somebody/yourself in a particular way;; to vote for somebody/something;; to shape hot liquid metal, etc. by pouring it into a hollow container (called a mould );; to make yourself think about something that happened in the past;; to consider a lot of different people, activities, possibilities, etc. when you are looking for something;; to look at or examine something quickly;; to leave somebody to be carried away on a boat that is not being controlled by anyone;; to make a problem, etc. easier to understand;; to use words that are thought to be magic and have the power to change or influence somebody/something;; used to say that an event has happened or a decision has been made that cannot be changed;; to choose somebody/something by lot;; to stop caring about how dangerous something might be; to start taking risks

bleed (verb)

to lose blood, especially from a wound or an injury;; (in the past) to take blood from somebody as a way of treating disease;; to force somebody to pay a lot of money over a period of time;; to remove air or liquid from something so that it works correctly;; to spread from one area of something to another area;; to take away all somebody's money;; used to say that you do not feel sympathy or pity for somebody

associate (verb)

to make a connection between people or things in your mind;; to spend time with somebody, especially a person or people that somebody else does not approve of;; to show that you support or agree with something

apply (verb)

to make a formal request, usually in writing, for something such as a job, a place at college, university, etc.;; to use something or make something work in a particular situation;; to put or spread something such as paint, cream, etc. onto a surface;; to concern or relate to somebody/something;; to work at something or study something very hard;; to press on something hard with your hand, foot, etc. to make something work or have an effect on something

dig (verb)

to make a hole in the ground or to move soil from one place to another using your hands, a tool or a machine;; to remove something from the ground with a tool;; to search in something in order to find an object in something;; to approve of or like something very much;; to search thoroughly for information;; to try hard to provide the money, equipment, etc. that is needed;; to refuse to do something or to change your mind about something;; to spend a lot of your own money on something;; to push your finger or your elbow into somebody's side, especially to attract their attention;; to do something that will have very harmful results for you;; to get yourself into a bad situation that will be very difficult to get out of

assess (verb)

to make a judgement about the nature or quality of somebody/something;; to calculate the amount or value of something

cure (verb)

to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness;; to make an illness go away;; to deal with a problem successfully;; to stop somebody from behaving in a particular way, especially a way that is bad or annoying;; to treat food or tobacco with smoke, salt or heat, etc. in order to preserve it;; used to say that what you are going to do will either be very successful or fail completely

consolidate (verb)

to make a position of power or success stronger so that it is more likely to continue;; to join things together into one; to be joined into one

facilitate (verb)

to make an action or a process possible or easier

cut (verb)

to make an opening or a wound in something, especially with a sharp tool such as a knife or scissors;; to remove something or a part of something, using a knife, etc.;; to make or form something by removing material with a knife, etc.;; to divide something into two or more pieces with a knife, etc.;; to make something shorter by cutting;; to allow somebody to escape from somewhere by cutting the rope, object, etc. that is holding them;; to design and make a piece of clothing in a particular way;; to be capable of cutting;; to be capable of being cut;; to reduce something by removing a part of it;; to remove something from something;; to delete (= remove) part of a text on a computer screen in order to place it somewhere else;; used to tell somebody to stop doing something;; to completely end a relationship or all communication with somebody;; to prepare a film/movie or tape by removing parts of it or putting them in a different order;; to stop filming or recording;; to move quickly from one scene to another;; to stay away from a class that you should go to;; to hurt somebody emotionally;; to divide a pack / deck of playing cards by lifting a section from the top, in order to reveal a card to decide who is to play first, etc.;; to cross another line;; to have a new tooth beginning to appear through the gum;; to make a recording of music on a record, CD, etc.;; to mix an illegal drug such as heroin with another substance;; to make a quick or sudden escape;; to (not) be as good as is expected or needed

convey (verb)

to make ideas, feelings, etc. known to somebody;; to take, carry or transport somebody/something from one place to another

disrupt (verb)

to make it difficult for something to continue in the normal way

enable (verb)

to make it possible for somebody to do something;; to make it possible for something to happen or exist by creating the necessary conditions

carve (verb)

to make objects, patterns, etc. by cutting away material from wood or stone;; to write something on a surface by cutting into it;; to cut a large piece of cooked meat into smaller pieces for eating;; to work hard in order to have a successful career, reputation, etc.;; unable to be changed

click (verb)

to make or cause something to make a short sharp sound;; to choose a particular function or item on a computer screen, etc., by pressing one of the buttons on a mouse or touchpad;; to suddenly become clear or understood;; to become friends with somebody at once; to become popular with somebody;; to work well together

draw (verb)

to make pictures, or a picture of something, with a pencil, pen or chalk (but not paint);; to move something/somebody by pulling it or them gently;; to pull a vehicle such as a carriage;; to open or close curtains, etc.;; to move in the direction mentioned;; to take out a weapon, such as a gun or a sword, in order to attack somebody;; to attract or interest somebody;; to produce a reaction or response;; to make somebody say more about something;; to have a particular idea after you have studied something or thought about it;; to express a comparison or a contrast;; to decide something by picking cards, tickets or numbers by chance;; to finish a game without either team winning;; to take money or payments from a bank account or post office;; to take or pull liquid or gas from somewhere;; to breathe in smoke or air;; if two people are at daggers drawn, they are very angry with each other;; used to say that people or groups have shown which side they intend to support in an argument or contest that is going to begin;; to get no response or result;; to make somebody bleed;; to stop doing something and rest;; to live; to be alive;; to choose somebody/something by lot;; to make somebody direct their anger, criticism, etc. at you, so that others do not have to face it;; to aim carefully at somebody/something before shooting a gun;; to refuse to do something; to set a limit;; to distinguish between two closely related ideas;; to say that something is finished and not worth discussing any more;; to start being more careful in your behaviour, especially by spending less money than before;; to be the person in a group who is chosen or forced to perform an unpleasant duty or task;; to decide on somebody to do or have something, by choosing pieces of paper, etc.;; to stand straight and tall in order to show your determination or high status;; to speak to somebody in private, especially in order to warn or tell them about something

disappoint (verb)

to make somebody feel sad because something that they hope for or expect to happen does not happen or is not as good as they hoped;; to prevent something that somebody hopes for from becoming a reality

annoy (verb)

to make somebody slightly angry;; to make somebody uncomfortable or unable to relax

confuse (verb)

to make somebody unable to think clearly or understand something;; to think wrongly that somebody/something is somebody/something else;; to make a subject more difficult to understand

divert (verb)

to make somebody/something change direction;; to use money, materials, etc. for a different purpose from their original purpose;; to take somebody's thoughts or attention away from something;; to entertain people

convince (verb)

to make somebody/yourself believe that something is true;; to persuade somebody to do something

clarify (verb)

to make something clearer or easier to understand;; to make something, especially butter, pure by heating it

drain (verb)

to make something empty or dry by removing all the liquid from it; to become empty or dry in this way;; to make liquid flow away from something; to flow away;; to empty a cup or glass by drinking everything in it;; to make somebody/something weaker, poorer, etc. by using up their/its strength, money, etc.

create (verb)

to make something happen or exist;; to produce a particular feeling or impression;; to give somebody a particular rank or title

boost (verb)

to make something increase, or become better or more successful;; to steal something

extend (verb)

to make something longer or larger;; to make something last longer;; to make a business, an idea, an influence, etc. cover more areas or operate in more places;; to relate to or include somebody/something;; to cover a particular area, distance or length of time;; to make something reach something or stretch;; to stretch part of your body, especially an arm or a leg, away from yourself;; to offer or give something to somebody;; to make somebody/something use all their effort, abilities, supplies, etc.

decorate (verb)

to make something look more attractive by putting things on it;; to put paint, wallpaper, etc. on the walls and ceilings of a room or house;; to be placed on something in order to make it look more attractive;; to give somebody a medal as a sign of respect for something they have done

exaggerate (verb)

to make something seem larger, better, worse or more important than it really is

activate (verb)

to make something such as a device or chemical process start working

build (verb)

to make something, especially a building, by putting parts together;; to create or develop something;; to become gradually stronger;; (to have) plans or dreams that are not likely to happen or come true;; used to say that a complicated task will take a long time and needs patience

enforce (verb)

to make sure that people obey a particular law or rule;; to make something happen or force somebody to do something

ensure (verb)

to make sure that something happens or is definite

administer (verb)

to manage and organize the affairs of a company, an organization, a country, etc.;; to make sure that something is done fairly and in the correct way;; to give or to provide something, especially in a formal way;; to give drugs, medicine, etc. to somebody;; to kick or to hit somebody/something

cite (verb)

to mention something as a reason or an example, or in order to support what you are saying;; to speak or write the exact words from a book, an author, etc.;; to order somebody to appear in court; to name somebody officially in a legal case;; to mention somebody officially or publicly because they deserve special praise

blend (verb)

to mix two or more substances together;; to form a mixture with something;; to combine with something in an attractive or effective way; to combine something in this way;; to produce something by mixing different types together;; to behave in a way that does not attract any attention; to disappear or hide

dissolve (verb)

to mix with a liquid and become part of it;; to make a solid become part of a liquid;; to officially end a marriage, business agreement or parliament;; to disappear; to make something disappear;; to suddenly start laughing, crying, etc.;; to remove or destroy something, especially by a chemical process; to be destroyed in this way

crawl (verb)

to move forward on your hands and knees, with your body close to the ground;; when an insect crawls, it moves forward on its legs;; to move forward very slowly;; to be too friendly or helpful to somebody in authority, in a way that is not sincere, especially in order to get an advantage from them;; if you say that somebody comes/crawls out of the woodwork, you mean that they have suddenly appeared in order to express an opinion or to take advantage of a situation;; to make you feel afraid or full of disgust

evacuate (verb)

to move people from a place of danger to a safer place;; to move out of a place because of danger, and leave the place empty;; to empty your bowels

creep (verb)

to move slowly, quietly and carefully, because you do not want to be seen or heard;; to move with your body close to the ground; to move slowly on your hands and knees;; to move or develop very slowly;; to grow along the ground or up walls using long stems or roots;; to be too friendly or helpful to somebody in authority in a way that is not sincere, especially in order to get an advantage from them;; to make you feel afraid or full of disgust

deploy (verb)

to move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action;; to use something effectively

come (verb)

to move to or towards a person or place;; to arrive at or reach a place;; to arrive somewhere in order to do something or get something;; to move or travel, especially with somebody else, to a particular place or in order to be present at an event;; to move in a particular way or while doing something else;; to travel a particular distance;; to happen;; used in questions to talk about how or why something happened;; to have a particular position;; used in many expressions to show that something has reached a particular state;; to be available or to exist in a particular way;; to become;; to reach a point where you realize, understand or believe something;; to have an orgasm;; to be very clever, stupid, etc.;; to play the part of a particular type of person; to behave in a particular way;; used to ask somebody to repeat something;; to arrive and leave; to move freely;; to be present for a short time and then go away;; to be easy, natural, etc. for somebody to do;; to suddenly feel ill/sick or faint;; to be unsuccessful; to have no successful result;; used to introduce something extra that is connected with what has just been said;; despite any problems or difficulties you may have;; used to say you do not understand how something can happen and would like an explanation;; to not be important or successful;; in the future;; when it is a question of something;; somebody's ideas, beliefs, personality, etc. that makes them say what they have said

bow (verb)

to move your head or the top half of your body forwards and downwards as a sign of respect or to say hello or goodbye;; to move your head forwards and downwards;; to bend or make something bend;; to be too polite to an important person in order to gain their approval

fail (verb)

to not be successful in achieving something;; to not do something;; to not pass a test or an exam; to decide that somebody/something has not passed a test or an exam;; to stop working;; to become weak;; to disappoint somebody; to be unable to help when needed;; to not be enough when needed or expected;; to be unable to continue;; used to suggest something that somebody can do if nothing else they have tried is successful;; so important to the economy of a country that when it finds itself in financial trouble, the government or central bank must act to save it

dislike (verb)

to not like somebody/something

comply (verb)

to obey a rule, an order, etc.

buy (verb)

to obtain something by paying money for it;; to be enough to pay for something;; to persuade somebody to do something dishonest in return for money;; to obtain something by losing something else of great value;; to believe that something is true, especially something that is not very likely;; the very best;; to be killed, especially in an accident or a war;; to die;; to do something in order to delay an event, a decision, etc.;; if you buy a pig in a poke, you buy something without seeing it or knowing if it is good enough;; to sell somebody or be sold something that has no value or is worth much less than the price paid

bid (verb)

to offer to pay a particular price for something, especially at an auction;; to offer to do work or provide a service for a particular price, in competition with other companies, etc.;; to try to do, get or achieve something;; (in some card games) to say how many points you expect to win;; used by an auctioneer when he or she is selling something

abolish (verb)

to officially end a law, a system or an institution

aside (adverb)

to one side; out of the way;; to be used later;; used after nouns to say that except for one thing, something is true

drive (verb)

to operate a vehicle so that it goes in a particular direction;; to take somebody somewhere in a car, taxi, etc.;; to own or use a particular type of vehicle;; to provide the power that makes a machine work;; to force somebody to act in a particular way;; to make somebody very angry, crazy, etc. or to make them do something extreme;; to force somebody/something to move in a particular direction;; to influence something or cause it to make progress;; to force something to go in a particular direction or into a particular position by pushing it, hitting it, etc.;; to make an opening in or through something by using force;; to hit a ball with force, sending it forward;; to carry something along;; to fall or move rapidly and with great force;; extremely clean, pure, etc.;; to spoil something, for example a plan;; to make somebody understand or accept something by saying it often, loudly, angrily, etc.;; to argue in an aggressive way and force somebody to agree on the best possible price or arrangement;; to work so hard that you become extremely tired;; the thing somebody is trying to say

away (adverb)

to or at a distance from somebody/something in space or time;; to a different place or in a different direction;; not present;; used after verbs to say that something is done continuously or with a lot of energy;; until disappearing completely;; at the opponent's ground or stadium;; used to say that you would like to be rid of somebody/something;; to help somebody start something in a fresh, lively state of mind;; to dance for the whole evening or night;; by a very great amount;; immediately; without delay;; immediately; without delay

down (adverb)

to or at a lower place or position;; from a vertical or standing position to a horizontal or sitting one;; at a lower level or rate;; used to show that the amount or strength of something is lower, or that there is less activity;; reading from top to bottom, not from side to side;; to or in the south of a country;; on paper; on a list;; used to show the limits in a range or an order;; having lost the amount of money mentioned;; if you pay an amount of money down, you pay that to start with, and the rest later;; used to say how far you have got in a list of things you have to do;; to or at a local place such as a shop/store, pub, etc.;; to be the responsibility of somebody;; to be caused by a particular person or thing;; to have only a little money left;; to have or catch an illness;; behaving in an unfair or aggressive way, especially because you want to win;; rude and shocking;; during a long period of time;; including every small part or detail of something;; to or in Australia and/or New Zealand;; used to say that you are opposed to something, or to a person;; to be able to do something easily or well;; a person who is determined or wants something very much will succeed

conduct (verb)

to organize and/or do a particular activity;; to direct a group of people who are singing or playing music;; to lead or guide somebody through or around a place;; to behave in a particular way;; to allow heat or electricity to pass along or through it

coordinate (verb)

to organize the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well;; to make the different parts of your body work well together;; if you coordinate clothes, furniture, etc. or if they coordinate, they look nice together

enact (verb)

to pass a law;; to perform a play or act a part in a play;; to take place;; to put something into practice

bury (verb)

to place a dead body in a grave;; to lose somebody by death;; to hide something in the ground;; to cover somebody/something with soil, rocks, leaves, etc.;; to cover something so that it cannot be seen;; to ignore or hide a feeling, a mistake, etc.;; to put something deeply into something else;; to stop being unfriendly and become friends again;; to refuse to admit that a problem exists or refuse to deal with it;; to give the most important point of a news story near the end instead of at the beginning

cover (verb)

to place something over or in front of something in order to hide or protect it;; to lie or spread over the surface of something;; to put or spread a layer of liquid, dust, etc. on somebody/something;; to include something; to deal with something;; to be or provide enough money for something;; to travel the distance mentioned;; to spread over the area mentioned;; to report on an event for television, a newspaper, etc.; to show an event on television;; to do somebody's work or duties while they are away;; to invent a lie or an excuse that will stop somebody from getting into trouble;; to protect somebody against loss, injury, etc. by insurance;; to take action in order to protect yourself against being blamed for something;; to protect somebody by threatening to shoot at anyone who tries to attack them;; to aim a gun at a place or person so that nobody can escape or shoot;; to record a new version of a song that was originally recorded by another band or singer;; to consider and deal with all the things that could happen or could be needed when you are arranging something;; to realize that you may be blamed or criticized for something later and take action to avoid this;; to hide the real situation or facts when these are not good or pleasant;; to try and hide what you have done, because you do not want other people to find out about it

arrange (verb)

to plan or organize something in advance;; to put something in a particular order; to make something neat or attractive;; to write or change a piece of music so that it is suitable for a particular instrument or voice

cultivate (verb)

to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops;; to grow plants or crops;; to try to get somebody's friendship or support;; to develop an attitude, a way of talking or behaving, etc.

cook (verb)

to prepare food by heating it, for example by boiling, baking or frying it;; to be prepared by boiling, baking, frying, etc.;; to be planned secretly;; to be doing something very well and successfully;; to change facts or figures dishonestly or illegally;; to ruin somebody's chances of success

crush (verb)

to press or squeeze something so hard that it is damaged or injured, or loses its shape;; to push or press somebody/something into a small space;; to break something into small pieces or into a powder by pressing hard;; to become or make something full of folds or lines;; to use violent methods to defeat people who are opposing you;; to destroy somebody's confidence or happiness

avoid (verb)

to prevent something bad from happening;; to keep away from somebody/something; to try not to do something;; to prevent yourself from hitting something;; to try very hard not to meet somebody, do something, etc.;; to do/avoid doing something that is a mistake but which seems at first to be a good idea

compile (verb)

to produce a book, list, report, etc. by bringing together different items, articles, songs, etc.;; to translate instructions from one computer language into another so that a particular computer can understand them

affect (verb)

to produce a change in somebody/something;; to attack somebody or a part of the body; to make somebody become ill/sick;; to make somebody have strong feelings of sadness, pity, etc.;; to pretend to be feeling or thinking something;; to use or wear something that is intended to impress other people

burn (verb)

to produce flames and heat;; to be on fire;; to destroy, damage, injure or kill somebody/something by fire; to be destroyed, etc. by fire;; if you burn a fuel, or a fuel burns, it produces heat, light or energy;; if food burns, or if you burn it, it is spoiled because it gets too hot;; to be damaged or injured by the sun, heat, acid, etc.; to damage or injure somebody/something in this way;; if part of your body burns or is burning, it feels very hot and painful;; to produce light;; to feel a very strong emotion or desire;; to move very fast in a particular direction;; to make somebody very angry;; to put information onto a CD or DVD;; to spend money quickly; to spend more more than is expected or reasonable;; to do something that makes it impossible to return to the previous situation later;; to become very tired by trying to do too many things and going to bed late and getting up early;; to suffer as a result of doing something without realizing the possible bad results, especially in business;; if money burns a hole in your pocket, you want to spend it as soon as you have it;; to study or work until late at night;; to drive very fast;; to cook something for too long or with too much heat, so that it becomes badly burnt;; to go wrong or to fail badly and suddenly;; a person thinks that other people are talking about them, especially in an unkind way;; to think or imagine that other people are talking about you;; to have so much money that you do not have to be careful with it

cry (verb)

to produce tears from your eyes because you are unhappy or hurt;; to shout loudly;; to make a loud unpleasant noise;; to complain that somebody else has done something wrong or unfair;; to waste time worrying about something that has happened that you cannot do anything about;; to call for help when you do not need it, with the result that when you do need it people do not believe you;; used to show you are angry or surprised;; to laugh so long and hard that there are tears in your eyes;; to be unable to decide how to react to a bad or unfortunate situation;; used to describe a person who listens to your problems and gives you sympathy

defend (verb)

to protect somebody/something from attack;; to say or write something in support of somebody/something that has been criticized;; to protect your own goal to stop your opponents from scoring;; to take part in a competition that you won the last time and try to win it again;; to act as a lawyer for somebody who has been charged with a crime

cater (verb)

to provide food and drinks for a social event

accommodate (verb)

to provide somebody with a room or place to sleep, live or sit;; to provide enough space for somebody/something;; to consider something, such as somebody's opinion or a fact, and be influenced by it when you are deciding what to do or explaining something;; to help somebody by doing what they want;; to change your behaviour so that you can deal with a new situation better

compensate (verb)

to provide something good to balance or reduce the bad effects of damage, loss, etc.;; to pay somebody money because they have suffered some damage, loss, injury, etc.

equip (verb)

to provide yourself/somebody/something with the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity;; to prepare somebody for an activity or task, especially by teaching them what they need to know

drag (verb)

to pull somebody/something along with effort and difficulty;; to move yourself slowly and with effort;; to persuade somebody to come or go somewhere they do not really want to come or go to;; to pass very slowly;; to move, or make something move, partly touching the ground;; to search the bottom of a river, lake, etc. with nets or hooks;; to move some text, an icon, etc. across the screen of a computer using the mouse;; to be deliberately slow in doing something or in making a decision;; to improve your situation yourself, without help from other people

eat (verb)

to put food in your mouth, chew it and swallow it;; to have a meal;; a situation in business, politics, etc. where there is a lot of competition and people are willing to harm each other in order to succeed;; to criticize or punish somebody severely because you are extremely angry with them;; to defeat somebody completely in an argument, a competition, etc.;; to bite somebody many times;; to be made to feel small, stupid, etc.;; said to encourage somebody to enjoy life now, while they can, and not to think of the future;; used to compare two things and say that one of them is better;; to feel very unhappy, especially because you want somebody/something you cannot have;; to say and show that you are sorry for a mistake that you made;; to eat a lot;; to eat a lot of somebody else's food;; to trust somebody and be willing to do what they say;; to admit that what you said was wrong;; to have the advantages of something without its disadvantages; to have both things that are available;; used to say that you are very hungry;; used to say that you think something is very unlikely to happen;; used to ask what somebody is annoyed or worried about

display (verb)

to put something in a place where people can see it easily; to show something to people;; to show signs of something, especially a quality or feeling;; to show information;; to show a special pattern of behaviour that is intended to attract a female bird or animal

close (verb)

to put something into a position so that it covers an opening; to get into this position;; to move the parts of something together so that it is no longer open;; to make the work of a shop/store, etc. stop for a period of time; to not be open for people to use;; if a company, shop/store, etc. closes, or if you close it, it stops operating as a business;; to end or make something end;; to arrange and settle a business deal;; to be worth a particular amount at the end of the day's business;; to make the distance or difference between two people or things smaller; to become smaller or narrower;; to hold something/somebody firmly;; to stop doing something because you no longer believe you will be successful or will find a solution;; to stop trading;; to refuse to think about something as a possibility;; if a group of people close ranks, they work closely together to defend themselves, especially when they are being criticized;; if soldiers close ranks, they move closer together in order to defend themselves;; to make it unlikely that something will happen;; to refuse to listen to something;; to pretend that you have not noticed something so that you do not have to deal with it;; having enough experience to be able to do something easily

dip (verb)

to put something quickly into a liquid and take it out again;; to go downwards or to a lower level; to make something do this;; if you dip your headlights when driving a car at night, you make the light from them point down so that other drivers do not have the light in their eyes;; when farmers dip animals, especially sheep, they put them in a bath of a liquid containing chemicals in order to kill insects, etc.;; to spend some of your own money on something;; to start doing something very carefully to see if it will be successful or not

add (verb)

to put something together with something else so as to increase the size, number, amount, etc.;; to put numbers or amounts together to get a total;; to say something more; to make a further remark;; to give a particular quality to an event, a situation, etc.;; used to introduce another fact that helps to emphasize a point you have already made;; to make a bad relationship with somebody worse by offending them even more

differentiate (verb)

to recognize or show that two things are not the same;; to be the particular thing that shows that things or people are not the same;; to treat people or things in a different way, especially in an unfair way

distinguish (verb)

to recognize the difference between two people or things;; to be a characteristic that makes two people, animals or things different;; to be able to see or hear something;; to do something so well that people notice and admire you

appreciate (verb)

to recognize the good qualities of somebody/something;; to be grateful for something that somebody has done; to welcome something;; to understand that something is true;; to increase in value over a period of time

defy (verb)

to refuse to obey or show respect for somebody in authority, a law, a rule, etc.;; to be impossible or almost impossible to believe, explain, describe, etc.;; to successfully resist something to a very unusual degree;; used to say that somebody should try to do something, as a way of emphasizing that you think it is impossible to do it

eliminate (verb)

to remove or get rid of something/somebody;; to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition, etc.;; to kill somebody, especially an enemy or opponent

delete (verb)

to remove something that has been written or printed, or that has been stored on a computer

admire (verb)

to respect somebody for what they have done or to respect their qualities;; to look at something and think that it is attractive and/or impressive

bet (verb)

to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result;; used to say that you are almost certain that something is true or that something will happen;; to risk everything you have on an investment, a bet, etc.;; used to show that you can understand what somebody is feeling, describing, etc.;; used to tell somebody that you do not believe what they have just said;; used to say that you do not think that something is very likely;; used instead of 'yes' to emphasize that somebody has guessed something correctly or made a good suggestion;; used to say that you are certain that something will happen

chase (verb)

to run, drive, etc. after somebody/something in order to catch them;; to try to obtain or achieve something, for example money, work or success;; to try to persuade somebody to have a sexual relationship with you;; to persuade somebody to do something that they should have done already;; to rush or hurry somewhere;; to cut patterns or designs on metal;; to be very busy but in fact achieve very little

diagnose (verb)

to say exactly what an illness or the cause of a problem is

count (verb)

to say numbers in the correct order;; to calculate the total number of people, things, etc. in a particular group;; to include somebody/something when you calculate a total;; to be important;; to be officially accepted; to accept something officially;; to consider somebody/something in a particular way; to be considered in a particular way;; used to say that a total is continuing to increase;; used to say that the total number of somebody/something is very small;; to be grateful for the good things in your life;; to feel the bad effects of a mistake, an accident, etc.;; to imagine that sheep are jumping over a fence and to count them, as a way of getting to sleep;; you should not be too confident that something will be successful, because something may still go wrong;; to say publicly that you support somebody or you agree with something;; used to say that you do not care how many times something happens

designate (verb)

to say officially that somebody/something has a particular character or name; to describe somebody/something in a particular way;; to choose or name somebody for a particular job or position;; to show something using a particular mark or sign

attribute (verb)

to say or believe that something is the result of a particular thing;; to say or believe that somebody is responsible for doing something, especially for saying, writing or painting something

define (verb)

to say or explain what the meaning of a word or phrase is;; to describe or show something accurately;; to show clearly a line, shape or edge

ask (verb)

to say or write something in the form of a question, in order to get information;; to tell somebody that you would like them to do something or that you would like something to happen;; to say that you would like somebody to give you something;; to request permission to do something;; to invite somebody;; to request a particular amount of money for something that you are selling;; to expect or demand something;; to deserve something bad that happens to you or that somebody does to you;; to behave in a way that is very likely to result in trouble;; if you say don't ask to somebody, you mean that you do not want to reply to their question, because it would be awkward, embarrassing, etc.;; if you say don't ask me, you mean that you do not know the answer to a question and are annoyed you have been asked;; if you can have something for the asking, it is very easy for you to get it if you ask for it;; if you say I ask you, you are expressing disapproval, shock or anger about something/somebody;; in my personal opinion

endorse (verb)

to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action;; to say in an advertisement that you use and like a particular product so that other people will want to buy it;; to write your name on the back of a cheque so that it can be paid into a bank account;; to record details of a driving offence on somebody's driving licence

declare (verb)

to say something officially or publicly;; to state something firmly and clearly;; to tell the tax authorities how much money you have earned;; to tell customs officers (= at the border of a country) that you are carrying goods on which you should pay tax;; to decide to end your innings (= the period during which your team is batting) before all your players have batted

accuse (verb)

to say that somebody has done something wrong or is guilty of something

deny (verb)

to say that something is not true;; to refuse to admit or accept something;; to refuse to allow somebody to have something that they want or ask for;; to refuse to let yourself have something that you would like to have, especially for moral or religious reasons

claim (verb)

to say that something is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it;; to demand or ask for something because you believe it is your legal right to own or to have it;; to ask for money from the government or a company because you have a right to it;; to get or take somebody's attention;; to gain, win or achieve something;; to cause somebody's death

contend (verb)

to say that something is true, especially in an argument;; to compete against somebody in order to gain something

complain (verb)

to say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about somebody/something

apologize (verb)

to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem

criticize (verb)

to say that you disapprove of somebody/something; to say what you do not like or think is wrong about somebody/something;; to judge the good and bad qualities of something

describe (verb)

to say what somebody/something is like;; to make a movement which has a particular shape; to form a particular shape

dictate (verb)

to say words for somebody else to write down;; to tell somebody what to do, especially in an annoying way;; to control or influence how something happens

export (verb)

to sell and send goods to another country;; to introduce an idea or activity to another country or area;; to send data to another program, changing its form so that the other program can read it

blow (verb)

to send out air from the mouth;; when the wind or a current of air blows, it is moving; when it blows, the wind is blowing;; to be moved by the wind, somebody's breath, etc.; to move something in this way;; if you blow a whistle, musical instrument, etc. or if a whistle, etc. blows, you produce a sound by blowing into the whistle, etc.;; to clear your nose by blowing strongly through it into a tissue or handkerchief;; to kiss your hand and then pretend to blow the kiss towards somebody;; to make or shape something by blowing;; if a fuse blows or you blow a fuse, the electricity stops flowing suddenly because the fuse (= a thin wire) has melted because the current was too strong;; to break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make a tyre break in this way;; to break something open with explosives;; to make known something that was secret;; to spend or waste a lot of money on something;; to waste an opportunity;; used to show that you are annoyed, surprised or do not care about something;; to leave a place suddenly;; to vomit;; to help somebody start something in a fresh, lively state of mind;; to get very angry;; to tell something secret, especially by mistake;; to change your opinion about something often;; to surprise or impress somebody very much;; to produce a very strong pleasant or shocking feeling;; to destroy somebody/something completely;; to show that somebody/something is not good by being very much better than it/them;; to praise your own abilities and achievements;; to try to trick somebody or lie to somebody, particularly by saying something is better than it really is;; used by somebody who does not want to do something because it involves too much effort;; to completely destroy somebody/something with an explosion;; to get very angry;; if a plan, etc. blows up in your face, it goes wrong in a way that causes you damage, embarrassment, etc.;; to tell somebody in authority about something wrong or illegal that somebody is doing;; to kill yourself/somebody by shooting yourself/them in the head;; no problem is so bad that it does not bring some advantage to somebody;; to tell people unpleasant or shocking facts about something;; to breathe quickly and loudly through your mouth after physical effort;; to get an idea of what is likely to happen before doing something

broadcast (verb)

to send out programmes on television or radio;; to tell a lot of people about something

divide (verb)

to separate or make something separate into parts;; to separate something into parts and give a share to each of a number of different people, etc.;; to use different parts of your time, energy, etc. for different activities, etc.;; to separate two people or things;; to be the real or imaginary line or barrier that separates two people or things;; to separate into two parts that lead in different directions;; to make two or more people disagree;; to find out how many times one number is contained in another;; to be able to be multiplied to give another number;; to keep control over people by making them disagree with and fight each other, therefore not giving them the chance to unite and oppose you together;; to divide something into two equal parts

depict (verb)

to show an image of somebody/something in a picture;; to describe something in words, or give an impression of something in words or with a picture

express (verb)

to show or make known a feeling, an opinion, etc. by words, looks or actions;; to speak, write or communicate in some other way what you think or feel;; to become obvious in a particular way;; to represent something in a particular way, for example by symbols;; to remove air or liquid from something by pressing it;; to send something by express post

demonstrate (verb)

to show something clearly by giving proof or evidence;; to show by your actions that you have a particular quality, feeling or opinion;; to show and explain how something works or how to do something;; to take part in a public meeting or march, usually as a protest or to show support for something

exhibit (verb)

to show something in a public place for people to enjoy or to give them information;; to show clearly that you have or feel a particular feeling, quality or ability

expose (verb)

to show something that is usually hidden;; to tell the true facts about a person or a situation, and show them/it to be immoral, illegal, etc.;; to put somebody/something in a place or situation where they are not protected from something harmful or unpleasant;; to let somebody find out about something by giving them experience of it or showing them what it is like;; to allow light onto the film inside a camera when taking a photograph;; a man who exposes himself, shows his sexual organs in public in a way that is offensive to other people

celebrate (verb)

to show that a day or an event is important by doing something special on it;; to perform a religious ceremony, especially the Christian communion (1) service;; to praise somebody/something

applaud (verb)

to show your approval of somebody/something by clapping your hands;; to express praise for somebody/something because you approve of them or it

fairly (adverb)

to some extent but not very;; in a fair and reasonable way; honestly;; used to emphasize something that you are saying

argue (verb)

to speak angrily to somebody because you disagree with them;; to give reasons why you think that something is right/wrong, true/not true, etc., especially to persuade people that you are right;; to show clearly that something exists or is true;; to continue to disagree about a decision, especially when it is too late to change it or it is not very important

bother (verb)

to spend time and/or energy doing something;; to annoy, worry or upset somebody; to cause somebody trouble or pain;; to interrupt somebody; to talk to somebody when they do not want to talk to you;; to think that somebody/something is important;; used to say that you do not want to spend time and/or energy doing something;; in a state of anxiety or confusion because you are under too much pressure, have a problem, are trying to hurry, etc.;; to not spend time/effort on something, because it is not important or you are not interested in it

begin (verb)

to start doing something; to do the first part of something;; to start to happen or exist, especially from a particular time;; to be something first, before becoming something else;; to have something as the first part or the point where something starts;; to start speaking;; to start or make something start for the first time;; to make no attempt to do something or have no chance of doing something;; you should help and care for your own family, etc. before you start helping other people;; at first;; used to introduce the first point you want to make

establish (verb)

to start or create an organization, a system, etc. that is meant to last for a long time;; to start having a relationship, especially a formal one, with another person, group or country;; to hold a position for long enough or succeed in something well enough to make people accept and respect you;; to make people accept a belief, claim, custom etc.;; to discover or prove the facts of a situation

become (verb)

to start to be something;; to be suitable for somebody;; to look attractive on somebody;; used to ask what has happened or what will happen to somebody/something

assert (verb)

to state clearly and firmly that something is true;; to behave in a confident and determined way so that other people pay attention to your opinions;; to make other people recognize your right or authority to do something, by behaving firmly and confidently;; to start to have an effect

confirm (verb)

to state or show that something is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence;; to make somebody feel or believe something even more strongly;; to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish somebody/something firmly;; to make somebody a full member of the Christian Church

allege (verb)

to state something as a fact but without giving proof

adhere (verb)

to stick firmly to something

catch (verb)

to stop and hold a moving object, especially in your hands;; to hold a liquid when it falls;; to take hold of somebody/something;; to capture a person or an animal that tries or would try to escape;; to find or discover somebody doing something, especially something wrong;; to be in time for a bus, train, plane, etc. and get on it;; to be in time to do something, talk to somebody, etc.;; to see or hear something; to attend something;; to happen unexpectedly and put somebody in a difficult situation;; to get an illness;; to become stuck in or on something; to make something become stuck;; to hit somebody/something;; to notice something only for a moment;; to hear or understand something;; if something catches your interest, etc., you notice it and feel interested in it;; to show or describe something accurately;; if something catches the light or the light catches it, the light shines on it and makes it shine too;; if you catch the sun, you become red or brown because of spending time in the sun;; to begin to burn;; to make a player unable to continue batting by catching the ball they have hit before it touches the ground;; to suddenly feel an urgent need to go to the toilet/bathroom;; to be put at a disadvantage;; to be in a difficult situation when any action you take will have bad results;; in a situation where you have to choose between two things, both of which are unpleasant;; to stop breathing for a moment because of fear, shock, etc.;; to breathe normally again after running or doing some tiring exercise;; to become ill with a cold;; to have problems;; to catch a very bad cold;; to attract somebody's attention;; to be punished or spoken to angrily about something;; to get an advantage over somebody by doing something when they are not expecting it and not ready for it;; to surprise somebody by doing something when they are not expecting it and not ready for it;; to catch somebody in the act of doing something wrong or committing a crime;; to attract or please somebody;; to upset somebody by reminding them of something they are particularly sensitive about;; to arrive or do something when somebody is not expecting it and not ready, especially when they are in an embarrassing situation;; the person who takes the opportunity to do something before other people will have an advantage over them;; to make somebody/something unsteady and in danger of falling;; to make somebody surprised and no longer calm

cease (verb)

to stop happening or existing; to stop something from happening or existing;; a phrase used to express surprise and pleasure at something

die (verb)

to stop living;; to stop existing; to disappear;; to stop working;; to want something or want to do something very much;; used to emphasize that you are telling the truth or will do what you promise;; to fail completely;; to die or fall down in very large numbers;; to die because you are old or ill/sick;; to find something extremely funny;; do not stop hoping;; used to say that things change very slowly;; if you think something is to die for, you really want it, and would do anything to get it

denounce (verb)

to strongly criticize somebody/something that you think is wrong, illegal, etc.;; to tell the police, the authorities, etc. about somebody's illegal political activities

engage (verb)

to succeed in attracting and keeping somebody's attention and interest;; to employ somebody to do a particular job;; to become involved with and try to understand something/somebody;; to begin fighting with somebody;; when a part of a machine engages, or when you engage it, it fits together with another part of the machine and the machine begins to work

accomplish (verb)

to succeed in doing or completing something

attain (verb)

to succeed in getting something, usually after a lot of effort;; to reach a particular age, level or condition

achieve (verb)

to succeed in reaching a particular goal, status or standard, especially by making an effort for a long time;; to succeed in doing something or causing something to happen;; to be successful

advocate (verb)

to support something publicly

carry (verb)

to support the weight of somebody/something and take them or it from place to place; to take somebody/something from one place to another;; to have something with you and take it wherever you go;; to contain and direct the flow of water, electricity, etc.;; if a person, an insect, etc. carries a disease, they are infected with it and might spread it to others although they might not become sick themselves;; to be able to remember something;; to support the weight of something;; to accept responsibility for something; to suffer the results of something;; to have something as a quality or feature;; to have something as a result;; if something that is thrown, kicked, etc. carries a particular distance, it travels that distance before stopping;; if a sound carries, it can be heard a long distance away;; to take something/somebody to a particular point or in a particular direction;; to approve of something by more people voting for it than against it;; to win the support or sympathy of somebody; to persuade people to accept your argument;; to have a particular label or piece of information attached;; if a newspaper or broadcast carries a particular story, it publishes or broadcasts it;; if a shop/store carries a particular item, it has it for sale;; to be pregnant with somebody;; to hold or move your head or body in a particular way;; to add a number to the next column on the left when adding up numbers, for example when the numbers add up to more than ten;; as quickly as you can;; to get very excited or lose control of your feelings;; to be completely successful;; to take responsibility for getting something done;; to accept the blame for something, especially when it is not your fault;; to continue doing something beyond reasonable limits;; to be in love with somebody, especially somebody who does not love you in return;; to be successful against somebody/something;; to do a lot of little jobs for somebody as if you were their servant

breathe (verb)

to take air into your lungs and send it out again through your nose or mouth;; to send air, smoke or a particular smell out of your mouth;; to say something quietly;; if you allow wine to breathe, you open the bottle and let air get in before you drink it;; if cloth, leather, skin, etc. can breathe, air can move around or through it;; to be full of a particular feeling or quality;; to feel calm again after something unpleasant or frightening has ended;; to watch closely what somebody is doing in a way that makes them feel anxious and/or annoyed;; to die;; to improve something by introducing new ideas and making people more interested in it;; to relax and stop worrying;; to be very enthusiastic about something

borrow (verb)

to take and use something that belongs to somebody else, and return it to them at a later time;; to take money from a person or bank and agree to pay it back to them at a later time;; to take words, ideas, etc. from another language, person, etc. and use them, as your own;; to still be alive after the time when you were expected to die;; to be doing something that other people are likely to soon stop you from doing

conquer (verb)

to take control of a country or city and its people by force;; to defeat somebody, especially in a competition, race, etc.;; to succeed in dealing with or controlling something;; to become very popular or successful in a place

deliver (verb)

to take goods, letters, etc. to the person or people they have been sent to; to take somebody somewhere;; to give a speech, talk, etc. or other official statement;; to do what you promised to do or what you are expected to do; to produce or provide what people expect you to;; to give somebody/something to somebody else so that they are under this person's control;; to help a woman to give birth to a baby;; to give birth to a baby;; to throw or aim something;; to rescue somebody from something bad;; to do what you have promised to do or what people expect or want you to do;; definite, because all the legal documents have been signed

absorb (verb)

to take in a liquid, gas or other substance from the surface or space around;; to make something smaller become part of something larger;; to take something into the mind and learn or understand it;; to interest somebody very much so that they pay no attention to anything else;; to take in and keep heat, light, energy, etc. instead of reflecting it;; to reduce the effect of a blow, hit, etc.;; to use up a large supply of something, especially money or time;; to deal with changes, effects, costs, etc.

coincide (verb)

to take place at the same time;; to be the same or very similar;; to meet; to share the same space

adopt (verb)

to take somebody else's child into your family and become its legal parent(s);; to start to use a particular method or to show a particular attitude towards somebody/something;; to formally accept a suggestion or policy by voting;; to choose a new name, a country, a custom, etc. and begin to use it as your own;; to use a particular manner, way of speaking, expression, etc.;; to choose somebody as a candidate in an election or as a representative

distract (verb)

to take somebody's attention away from what they are trying to do

displace (verb)

to take the place of somebody/something;; to force people to move away from their home to another place;; to move something from its usual position;; to remove somebody from a job or position

accept (verb)

to take willingly something that is offered; to say 'yes' to an offer, invitation, etc.;; to receive something as suitable or good enough;; to agree to or approve of something;; to admit that you are responsible or to blame for something;; to believe that something is true;; to continue in a difficult situation without complaining, because you realize that you cannot change it;; to make somebody feel welcome and part of a group;; to allow somebody to join an organization, attend an institution, use a service, etc.

discuss (verb)

to talk about something with somebody, especially in order to decide something;; to write or talk about something in detail, showing the different ideas and opinions about it

chat (verb)

to talk in a friendly informal way to somebody;; to exchange messages with other people on the Internet, especially in a chat room

boast (verb)

to talk with too much pride about something that you have or can do;; to have something that is impressive and that you can be proud of

educate (verb)

to teach somebody over a period of time at a school, university, etc.;; to teach somebody about something or how to do something

announce (verb)

to tell people something officially, especially about a decision, plans, etc.;; to give information about something in a public place, especially through a loudspeaker;; to say something in a loud and/or serious way;; to tell somebody your name or somebody else's name when you or they arrive at a place;; to introduce, or to give information about, a programme on the radio or television

explain (verb)

to tell somebody about something in a way that makes it easy to understand;; to give a reason, or be a reason, for something;; to give somebody reasons for your behaviour, especially when they are angry or upset because of it;; to say what you mean in a clear way

assure (verb)

to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it;; to make yourself certain about something;; to make something certain to happen;; to insure something, especially against somebody's death;; used to emphasize that what you say is true or will definitely happen

congratulate (verb)

to tell somebody that you are pleased about their success or achievements;; to feel pleased and proud because you have achieved something or been successful at something

advise (verb)

to tell somebody what you think they should do in a particular situation;; to give somebody help and information on a subject that you know a lot about;; to officially tell somebody something

advertise (verb)

to tell the public about a product or a service in order to encourage people to buy or to use it;; to let people know that something is going to happen, or that a job is available by giving details about it in a newspaper, on a notice in a public place, on the Internet, etc.;; to show or tell something about yourself to other people

equally (adverb)

to the same degree; in the same or in a similar way;; in equal parts, amounts, etc.;; used to introduce another phrase or idea that adds to and is as important as what you have just said

consider (verb)

to think about something carefully, especially in order to make a decision;; to think of somebody/something in a particular way;; to think about something, especially the feelings of other people, and be influenced by it when making a decision, etc.;; to look carefully at somebody/something;; thinking carefully about all the facts, especially the problems or difficulties, of a situation;; your opinion that is the result of careful thought

contemplate (verb)

to think about whether you should do something, or how you should do something;; to think carefully about and accept the possibility of something happening;; to think deeply about something for a long time;; to look at somebody/something in a careful way for a long time

decide (verb)

to think carefully about the different possibilities that are available and choose one of them;; to make an official or legal judgement;; to affect the result of something;; to be the reason why somebody does something

assume (verb)

to think or accept that something is true but without having proof of it;; to take or begin to have power or responsibility;; to begin to have a particular quality or appearance;; to pretend to have a particular feeling or quality

expect (verb)

to think or believe that something will happen or that somebody will do something;; to be waiting for somebody/something to arrive, as this has been arranged;; to demand that somebody will do something because it is their duty or responsibility;; used when you think something is probably true;; to be pregnant;; to be likely to happen; to be quite normal;; used to tell somebody not to be surprised by something

blame (verb)

to think or say that somebody/something is responsible for something bad;; to be responsible for something bad;; used to advise somebody not to do something, when you think they will do it despite your advice;; used to say that you think that what somebody did was reasonable and the right thing to do;; used to say that you think something is somebody's own fault

approve (verb)

to think that somebody/something is good, acceptable or suitable;; to officially agree to a plan, request, etc.;; to say that something is good enough to be used or is correct

bind (verb)

to tie somebody/something with rope, string, etc. so that they/it cannot move or are held together firmly;; to tie a long thin piece of cloth around something;; to unite people, organizations, etc. so that they live or work together more happily or effectively;; to force somebody to do something by making them promise to do it or by making it their duty to do it;; to stick together or to make things stick together in a solid mass;; to fasten the pages of a book together and put them inside a cover;; to sew a piece of material to the edge of something to decorate it or to make it stronger;; to tie somebody's hands and feet together so that they cannot move or escape;; to prevent somebody from doing what they want by creating rules, restrictions, etc.

accompany (verb)

to travel or go somewhere with somebody;; to happen or appear with something else;; to play a musical instrument, especially a piano, while somebody else sings or plays the main tune

explore (verb)

to travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it;; to examine something completely or carefully in order to find out more about it;; to feel something with your hands or another part of the body

exploit (verb)

to treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself;; to treat somebody unfairly by making them work and not giving them much in return;; to use something well in order to gain as much from it as possible;; to develop or use something for business or industry

cheat (verb)

to trick somebody or make them believe something which is not true;; to act in a dishonest way in order to gain an advantage, especially in a game, a competition, an exam, etc.;; to have a secret sexual relationship with somebody else;; to survive in a situation where you could have died

compete (verb)

to try to be more successful or better than somebody else who is trying to do the same as you;; to take part in a contest or game

discourage (verb)

to try to prevent something or to prevent somebody from doing something, especially by making it difficult to do or by showing that you do not approve of it;; to make somebody feel less confident or enthusiastic about doing something

conserve (verb)

to use as little of something as possible so that it lasts a long time;; to protect something and prevent it from being changed or destroyed

calculate (verb)

to use numbers to find out a total number, amount, distance, etc.;; to guess something or form an opinion by using all the information available

exert (verb)

to use power or influence to affect somebody/something;; to make a big physical or mental effort

consume (verb)

to use something, especially fuel, energy or time;; to eat or drink something;; to fill somebody with a strong feeling;; to completely destroy something

bite (verb)

to use your teeth to cut into or through something;; to wound somebody by making a small hole or mark in their skin;; if a fish bites, it takes food from the hook of a fishing line and may get caught;; to have an unpleasant effect;; to develop a strong interest in or enthusiasm for something;; to start to deal with an unpleasant or difficult situation which cannot be avoided;; to fail, or to be defeated or destroyed;; to die;; to harm somebody who has helped you or supported you;; to stop yourself from saying something or from showing an emotion;; to try to do too much, or something that is too difficult;; to shout at somebody in an angry way, especially without reason;; to stop yourself from saying something that might upset somebody or cause an argument, although you want to speak;; alcohol that you drink in order to make you feel better when you have drunk too much alcohol the night before;; after an unpleasant experience you are careful to avoid something similar

await (verb)

to wait for somebody/something;; to be going to happen to somebody

defeat (verb)

to win against somebody in a war, competition, sports game, etc.;; to stop something from being successful;; if something defeats you, you cannot understand it

cooperate (verb)

to work together with somebody else in order to achieve something;; to be helpful by doing what somebody asks you to do

collaborate (verb)

to work together with somebody in order to produce or achieve something;; to help the enemy who has taken control of your country during a war

absolute (adjective)

total and complete;; used, especially in spoken English, to give emphasis to what you are saying;; definite and without any doubt or confusion;; (of a legal decision) final;; not limited or restricted;; existing or measured independently and not in relation to something else

backwards (adverb)

towards a place or position that is behind;; in the opposite direction to the usual one;; towards a worse state;; if you put on a piece of clothing backwards, you make a mistake and put the back where the front should be;; from one place or position to another and back again many times;; to make a great effort, especially in order to be helpful or fair;; to know somebody/something extremely well

downwards (adverb)

towards the ground or towards a lower level

commerce (noun)

trade, especially between countries; the buying and selling of goods and services

double (adjective)

twice as much or as many as usual;; having or made of two things or parts that are equal or similar;; made for two people or things;; combining two things or qualities

combination (noun)

two or more things joined or mixed together to form a single unit;; the act of joining or mixing together two or more things to form a single unit;; a series of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock;; a piece of underwear covering the body and legs, worn in the past

duo (noun)

two people who perform together or are often seen or thought of together

dumb (adjective)

unable to speak;; temporarily not speaking or refusing to speak;; stupid

confused (adjective)

unable to think clearly or to understand what is happening or what somebody is saying;; not clear or easy to understand

disabled (adjective)

unable to use a part of your body completely or easily because of a physical condition, an illness, an injury, etc.; unable to learn easily;; people who are disabled

extraordinary (adjective)

unexpected, surprising or strange;; not normal or ordinary; greater or better than usual;; arranged for a special purpose and happening in addition to what normally or regularly happens;; employed for a special purpose in addition to the usual staff

bad (adjective)

unpleasant; full of problems;; of poor quality; below an acceptable standard;; not able to do something well or in an acceptable way;; serious; severe;; not appropriate in a particular situation;; morally unacceptable;; not behaving well;; harmful; causing or likely to cause damage;; not healthy; painful;; not safe to eat because it has decayed;; the state of feeling annoyed or angry;; to feel guilty or sorry about something;; to feel or look ill/sick;; good; excellent;; used to try to persuade somebody to agree that something is good;; to be very much in love;; quite good; better than you expected;; used to say 'bad luck' or 'it's a shame' when you do not really mean it;; a shame; a pity;; annoying

exceptional (adjective)

unusually good;; very unusual

disappointed (adjective)

upset because something you hoped for has not happened or been as good, successful, etc. as you expected

arguably (adverb)

used (often before a comparative or superlative adjective) when you are stating an opinion that you believe you could give reasons to support

elderly (adjective)

used as a polite word for 'old';; people who are old

could (modal verb)

used as the past tense of 'can';; used to ask if you can do something;; used to politely ask somebody to do something for you;; used to show that something is or might be possible;; used to suggest something;; used to show that you are annoyed that somebody did not do something;; used to emphasize how strongly you want to express your feelings;; used to say that you need or would like to have something

couple (determiner)

used before plural nouns to mean 'a small number of' or 'a few'

enough (determiner)

used before plural or uncountable nouns to mean 'as many or as much as somebody needs or wants'

except (preposition)

used before you mention the only thing or person about which a statement is not true

although (conjunction)

used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in a sentence seem surprising;; used to mean 'but' or 'however' when you are commenting on a statement

a (symbol)

used in Britain before a number to refer to a particular important road;; used (but not in the US) before numbers which show standard metric sizes of paper

ago (adverb)

used in expressions of time with the simple past tense to show how far in the past something happened

anywhere (pronoun)

used in negative sentences and in questions instead of somewhere

ever (adverb)

used in negative sentences and questions, or sentences with if to mean 'at any time';; used for emphasis when you are comparing things;; all the time or every time; always;; used after when, why, etc. to show that you are surprised or shocked;; used to emphasize that somebody does the same thing very often, usually in an annoying way;; used to show that you are surprised or shocked;; continuously since the time mentioned;; very; really;; used to emphasize that something is certainly true;; used to emphasize something you are talking about;; sometimes used at the end of an informal letter, before you write your name

actually (adverb)

used in speaking to emphasize a fact or a comment, or that something is really true;; used to show a contrast between what is true and what somebody believes, and to show surprise about this contrast;; used to correct somebody in a polite way;; used to get somebody's attention, to introduce a new topic or to say something that somebody may not like, in a polite way

anyone (pronoun)

used instead of someone in negative sentences and in questions after if/whether, and after verbs such as prevent, forbid, avoid, etc.;; any person at all; it does not matter who;; an important person

anything (pronoun)

used instead of something in negative sentences and in questions; after if/whether; and after verbs such as prevent, ban, avoid, etc.;; any thing at all, when it does not matter which;; any thing of importance;; definitely not;; similar to somebody/something;; very happy, quick, etc.;; very much;; used to emphasize that something is not as good, not enough, etc.;; definitely not;; or another thing of a similar type

everyday (adjective)

used or happening every day or regularly; ordinary

competitive (adjective)

used to describe a situation in which people or organizations compete against each other;; as good as or better than others;; trying very hard to be better than others

component (adjective)

used to describe one of several parts of which something is made

as (preposition)

used to describe somebody/something appearing to be somebody/something else;; used to describe the fact that somebody/something has a particular job or function

actual (adjective)

used to emphasize something that is real or exists in fact;; used to emphasize the most important part of something

even (adverb)

used to emphasize something unexpected or surprising;; used when you are comparing things, to make the comparison stronger;; used to introduce a more exact description of somebody/something;; just at the same time as somebody does something or as something else happens;; despite the fact or belief that; no matter whether;; and certainly not;; despite what has/had happened;; at this or that exact moment;; despite that

absolutely (adverb)

used to emphasize that something is completely true;; used to emphasize something negative;; used with adjectives or verbs that express strong feelings or extreme qualities to mean 'extremely';; used to emphasize that you agree with somebody, or to give somebody permission to do something;; used to emphasize that you strongly disagree with somebody, or to refuse permission

exactly (adverb)

used to emphasize that something is correct in every way or in every detail;; used to ask for more information about something;; used as a reply, agreeing with what somebody has just said, or emphasizing that it is correct;; used when you are saying the opposite of what you really mean;; used when you are correcting something that somebody has said

ah (exclamation)

used to express surprise, pleasure, admiration or sympathy, or when you disagree with somebody

but (conjunction)

used to introduce a word or phrase that contrasts with what was said before;; however; despite this;; used when you are saying sorry about something;; used to introduce a statement that shows that you are surprised or annoyed, or that you disagree;; except;; used before repeating a word in order to emphasize it;; used to emphasize that something is always true;; if it were not for;; except for;; however; on the other hand;; used before a statement that explains or gives a reason for what has just been said;; used to show that everything else is impossible except the thing that you are saying

fact (noun)

used to refer to a particular situation that exists;; a thing that is known to be true, especially when it can be proved;; things that are true rather than things that have been invented;; after something has happened or been done, when it is too late to prevent it or change it;; used to add a comment on something that you have just said, usually adding something that you think the other person will be interested in;; used to disagree with something that somebody has just said;; used to emphasize a statement, especially one that is the opposite of what has just been mentioned;; a situation that cannot be changed, especially one that is unpleasant;; accurate and detailed information;; the details about sex and about how babies are born, especially as told to children;; it is not necessary to give any further explanation about something because the information that is available already proves that it is true;; used to give extra details about something that has just been mentioned;; used to emphasize a statement, especially one that is the opposite of what has just been mentioned;; used to say what is true in a situation;; used to reply to a statement that you find interesting or surprising, or that you do not believe

do (verb)

used to refer to actions that you do not mention by name or do not know about;; to act or behave in the way mentioned;; used to ask or talk about the success or progress of somebody/something;; to work at or perform an activity or a task;; used with nouns to talk about tasks such as cleaning, washing, arranging, etc.;; to perform the activity or task mentioned;; to work at something as a job;; to learn or study something;; to find the answer to something; to solve something;; to produce or make something;; to perform or produce a play, an opera, etc.;; to copy somebody's behaviour or the way somebody speaks, sings, etc., especially in order to make people laugh;; to finish something;; to travel a particular distance;; to complete a journey/trip;; to travel at or reach a particular speed;; to visit a place as a tourist;; to spend a period of time doing something;; to deal with or attend to somebody/something;; to be suitable or be enough for somebody/something;; to cook something;; to cheat somebody;; to punish somebody;; to steal from a place;; to take an illegal drug;; to have sex;; to be about or connected with somebody/something;; used to talk about how much somebody/something is connected with somebody/something;; used to say that a situation is not acceptable and should be changed or improved;; used to say that something does not make somebody look attractive;; used to refuse a request;; used to show that you intend to stop somebody from doing something that they were going to do;; used to show that you will not accept something any longer;; used to say that an accident, a mistake, etc. has spoiled or ruined something;; used to order somebody to stop doing or saying something;; used to ask how somebody manages to obtain the thing mentioned;; used to ask why somebody/something is in the place mentioned

each (determiner)

used to refer to every one of two or more people or things, when you are thinking about them separately;; every single one

can (modal verb)

used to say that it is possible for somebody/something to do something, or for something to happen;; used to say that somebody knows how to do something;; used with the verbs 'feel', 'hear', 'see', 'smell', 'taste';; used to show that somebody is allowed to do something;; used to ask permission to do something;; used to ask somebody to help you;; used in the negative for saying that you are sure something is not true;; used to express doubt or surprise;; used to say what somebody/something is often like;; used to make suggestions;; used to say that somebody must do something, usually when you are angry;; as happy, etc. as possible;; used to say that you do not like something and are unwilling to accept it;; used to say that you are not able or willing to do something

at (preposition)

used to say where something/somebody is or where something happens;; used to say where somebody works or studies;; used to say when something happens;; used to state the age at which somebody does something;; in the direction of or towards somebody/something;; used after a verb to show that somebody tries to do something, or partly does something, but does not succeed or complete it;; used to state the distance away from something;; used to show the situation somebody/something is in, what somebody is doing or what is happening;; used to show a rate, speed, etc.;; used to say that somebody/something is as good, bad, etc. as they can be;; used with adjectives to show how well somebody does something;; used with adjectives to show the cause of something;; in response to something;; used when giving a telephone number;; the symbol (@ ) used in email addresses;; used when you are giving an extra piece of information;; to be doing something, especially something bad;; a place or an activity that is very popular or fashionable

despite (preposition)

used to show that something happened or is true although something else might have happened to prevent it;; used to show that somebody did not intend to do the thing mentioned

approximately (adverb)

used to show that something is almost, but not completely, accurate or correct

anyway (adverb)

used when adding something to support an idea or argument;; despite something; even so;; used when changing the subject of a conversation, ending the conversation or returning to a subject;; used to correct or slightly change what you have said

complete (adjective)

used when you are emphasizing something, to mean 'to the greatest degree possible';; including all the parts, etc. that are necessary; whole;; including something as an extra part or feature;; finished

both (determiner)

used with plural nouns to mean 'the two' or 'the one as well as the other';; not only... but also...

every (determiner)

used with singular nouns to refer to all the members of a group of things or people;; all possible;; used to say how often something happens or is done;; every single one;; each alternate one (= the first, third, fifth, etc. one, but not the second, fourth, sixth, etc.)

any (determiner)

used with uncountable or plural nouns in negative sentences and questions, after if or whether, and after some verbs such as prevent, ban, forbid, etc. to refer to an amount or a number of something, however large or small;; used with singular countable nouns to refer to one of a number of things or people, when it does not matter which one;; used to show that somebody/something is special

convenient (adjective)

useful, easy or quick to do; not causing problems;; near to a particular place; easy to get to

collect (adverb)

using a system in which a telephone call is paid for by the person who receives it

digital (adjective)

using a system of receiving and sending information as a series of the numbers one and zero, showing that an electronic signal is there or is not there;; showing information by using figures, rather than with hands that point to numbers

commonly (adverb)

usually; very often; by most people

awful (adjective)

very bad or unpleasant;; used to emphasize something, especially that there is a large amount or too much of something;; very shocking

disastrous (adjective)

very bad, harmful or unsuccessful

elaborate (adjective)

very complicated and detailed; carefully prepared and organized

diverse (adjective)

very different from each other and of various kinds

extreme (adjective)

very great in degree;; not ordinary or usual; serious or severe;; far from what most people consider to be normal, reasonable or acceptable;; as far as possible from the centre, the beginning or in the direction mentioned

decisive (adjective)

very important for the final result of a particular situation;; able to decide something quickly and with confidence

eager (adjective)

very interested and excited by something that is going to happen or about something that you want to do

endless (adjective)

very large in size or amount and seeming to have no end;; continuing for a long time and seeming to have no end;; having the ends joined together so it forms one piece

countless (adjective)

very many; too many to be counted or mentioned

charming (adjective)

very pleasant or attractive;; used to show that you have a low opinion of somebody's behaviour

delighted (adjective)

very pleased

depressed (adjective)

very sad and without hope;; suffering from the medical condition of depression;; without enough economic activity or jobs for people;; having a lower amount or level than usual

bitter (adjective)

very serious and unpleasant, with a lot of anger and hatred involved;; feeling angry and unhappy because you feel that you have been treated unfairly;; making you feel very unhappy; caused by great unhappiness;; having a strong, unpleasant taste; not sweet;; extremely cold and unpleasant;; a fact or an event that is unpleasant and difficult to accept;; continuing until you have done everything you can, or until something is completely finished, despite difficulties and problems

acute (adjective)

very serious or severe;; an acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous;; very sensitive and well developed;; intelligent and quick to notice and understand things;; less than 90°

alike (adjective)

very similar

bizarre (adjective)

very strange or unusual

dramatically (adverb)

very suddenly and to a very great and often surprising degree;; in a way that is exciting and impressive;; in a way that is exaggerated in order to create a special effect and attract people's attention;; in a way that is connected with the theatre or plays

amazed (adjective)

very surprised

amazing (adjective)

very surprising, especially in a way that makes you feel pleasure or admiration

astonishing (adjective)

very surprising; difficult to believe

characteristic (adjective)

very typical of something or of somebody's character

deeply (adverb)

very; very much;; used with some verbs to show that something is done in a very complete way;; to a depth that is quite a long way from the surface of something

brutal (adjective)

violent and cruel;; direct and clear about something unpleasant; not thinking of people's feelings

arms (noun)

weapons, especially as used by the army, navy, etc.;; to be a soldier; to fight;; to have weapons and be ready to fight in a war;; to stop fighting;; to hold a rifle vertical in front of the body as a mark of respect;; to prepare to fight;; to be very angry about something and ready to protest strongly about it

dressed (adjective)

wearing clothes and not naked or wearing clothes for sleeping;; wearing clothes of a particular type;; wearing the kind of clothes that will make people notice and admire you;; wearing very elegant or formal clothes;; used to describe a woman who is trying to look younger than she really is, especially by wearing clothes that are designed for young people

boil (verb)

when a liquid boils or when you boil it, it is heated to the point where it forms bubbles and turns to steam or vapour;; when a kettle, pan, etc. boils or when you boil a kettle, etc., it is heated until the water inside it boils;; to cook or wash something in boiling water; to be cooked or washed in boiling water;; if you boil with anger, etc. or anger, etc. boils inside you, you are very angry;; to attempt to do something very difficult or impossible;; to make somebody extremely angry;; used to say that when you are impatient for something to happen, time seems to pass very slowly

circulate (verb)

when a liquid, gas or air circulates or is circulated, it moves continuously around a place or system;; if a story, an idea, information, etc. circulates or if you circulate it, it spreads or it is passed from one person to another;; to send goods or information to all the people in a group;; to move around a group, especially at a party, talking to different people

erupt (verb)

when a volcano erupts or burning rocks, smoke, etc. erupt or are erupted, the burning rocks, etc. are thrown out from the volcano;; to start happening, suddenly and violently;; to suddenly express your feelings very strongly, especially by shouting loudly;; to suddenly appear on your skin

essentially (adverb)

when you think about the true, important or basic nature of somebody/something

broad (adjective)

wide;; used after a measurement of distance to show how wide something is;; including a great variety of people or things;; general; not detailed;; covering a wide area;; if somebody has a broad accent, you can hear very easily which area they come from;; if somebody gives a broad hint, they make it very clear what they are thinking or what they want;; dealing with sex in an amusing way;; an organization that accepts a wide range of opinions;; (in) the clear light of day, when it is easy to see;; it makes no real difference which of two possible choices you make;; to describe something in a general way, ignoring the details

classical (adjective)

widely accepted and used for a long time; traditional in style or idea;; connected with or influenced by the culture of ancient Greece and Rome;; written in a Western musical tradition, usually using an established form (for example a symphony ) and not played on electronic instruments. Classical music is generally considered to be serious and to have a lasting value.;; ancient in its form and no longer used in a spoken form;; simple and attractive

brave (adjective)

willing to do things which are difficult, dangerous or painful; not afraid;; requiring or showing courage;; new in an impressive way;; a situation or society that changes in a way that is meant to improve people's lives but is often a source of extra problems;; to pretend that you feel confident and happy when you do not

corrupt (adjective)

willing to use their power to do dishonest or illegal things in return for money or to get an advantage;; dishonest or immoral;; containing changes or faults, and no longer in the original state

carefully (adverb)

with a lot of attention or thought, so that you avoid hurting yourself, damaging something or doing something wrong;; with a lot of attention to detail

anonymous (adjective)

with a name that is not known or that is not made public;; written, given, made, etc. by somebody who does not want their name to be known or made public;; without any unusual or interesting features

dark (adjective)

with no or very little light, especially because it is night;; not light; closer in shade to black than to white;; having a colour that is close to black;; brown or black in colour;; having dark hair, eyes, etc.;; mysterious; hidden and not known about;; evil or frightening;; unpleasant and without any hope that something good will happen;; produced with the back part of the tongue close to the back of the mouth. In many accents of English, dark /l/ is used after a vowel, as in ball.;; a person who does not tell other people much about their life, and who surprises other people by having interesting qualities;; a person taking part in a race, etc. who surprises everyone by winning;; to keep something secret and not tell people about it

empty (adjective)

with no people or things inside;; with no meaning; not meaning what is said;; unhappy because life does not seem to have a purpose, usually after something sad has happened;; without a quality that you would expect to be there

eternal (adjective)

without an end; existing or continuing forever;; happening often and seeming never to stop

alone (adjective)

without any other people;; without the help of other people or things;; lonely and unhappy or without any friends;; used after a noun or pronoun to show that the person or thing mentioned is the only one;; used after a noun or pronoun to emphasize one particular thing;; to do something without help from anyone;; to stop annoying somebody or trying to get their attention;; to stop touching, changing, or moving something;; used after a statement to emphasize that because the first thing is not true or possible, the next thing cannot be true or possible either;; to be independent or not connected with other people, organizations or ideas;; to be not near other objects or buildings;; used to say that you will have to wait for some time to find out the result of a situation

certainly (adverb)

without doubt;; of course

automatically (adverb)

without needing a person to operate controls;; without thinking;; in a way that always happens as a result of a particular action or situation

easily (adverb)

without problems or difficulty;; very probably; very likely;; without doubt; definitely;; quickly; more quickly than is usual

employment (noun)

work, especially when it is done to earn money; the state of being employed;; the situation in which people have work;; the act of employing somebody;; the use of something

dedicated (adjective)

working hard at something because it is very important to you;; designed to do only one particular type of work; used for one particular purpose only

concerned (adjective)

worried and feeling concern about something;; interested in something;; used to give your personal opinion on something

ego (noun)

your sense of your own value and importance;; the part of the mind that is responsible for your sense of who you are (= your identity)

eleven (number)

11;; a team of eleven players for football (soccer ), cricket or hockey;; at the last possible moment; just in time

eighteen (number)

18

eighty (number)

80;; numbers, years or temperatures from 80 to 89;; between the ages of 80 and 89

eight (number)

8;; a team of eight people who row1 a long narrow boat in races; the boat they row1

blessing (noun)

God's help and protection, or a prayer asking for this;; approval of or permission for something;; something that is good or helpful;; something that seems to be a problem at first, but that has good results in the end;; to be grateful for the good things in your life

buck (noun)

a US, Australian or New Zealand dollar; a South African rand; an Indian rupee;; a male deer, hare or rabbit (also called a buck rabbit);; a deer, whether male or female;; a young man;; used in some expressions to refer to the responsibility or blame for something;; if you get more, better, etc. bang for your buck, you get better value for the money you spend or the effort you put in to something;; to look/feel extremely good;; to earn money quickly and easily

bubble (noun)

a ball of air or gas in a liquid, or a ball of air inside a solid substance such as glass;; a round ball of liquid, containing air, produced by soap and water;; a small amount of a feeling that somebody wants to express;; a good or lucky situation that is unlikely to last long;; there is a sudden end to a good or lucky situation;; to bring an end to somebody's hopes, happiness, etc.

dam (noun)

a barrier that is built across a river in order to stop the water from flowing, used especially to make a reservoir (= a lake for storing water) or to produce electricity;; the mother of some animals, especially horses

assumption (noun)

a belief or feeling that something is true or that something will happen, although there is no proof;; the act of taking or beginning to have power or responsibility

doctrine (noun)

a belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, a political party, etc.;; a statement of government policy

expectation (noun)

a belief that something will happen because it is likely;; a hope that something good will happen;; a strong belief about the way something should happen or how somebody should behave

cycle (noun)

a bicycle or motorcycle;; the fact of a series of events being repeated many times, always in the same order;; a complete set or series, for example of movements in a machine

bike (noun)

a bicycle;; a motorcycle;; a rude way of telling somebody to go away

bee (noun)

a black and yellow flying insect that can sting. Bees live in large groups and make honey (= a sweet sticky substance that is good to eat).;; a meeting in a group where people combine work, competition and pleasure;; very busy;; an excellent person or thing;; the basic facts about sex, especially as told to children;; to think or talk about something all the time and to think that it is very important

directory (noun)

a book containing lists of information, usually in alphabetical order, for example people's telephone numbers or the names and addresses of businesses in a particular area;; a file containing a group of other files or programs in a computer

album (noun)

a book in which you keep photographs, stamps, etc.;; a collection of pieces of music released as a single item, usually on a CD or on the Internet

dictionary (noun)

a book that gives a list of the words of a language in alphabetical order and explains what they mean, or gives a word for them in a foreign language;; a book that explains the words that are used in a particular subject;; a list of words in electronic form, for example stored in a computer's spellchecker

diary (noun)

a book with spaces for each day of the year in which you can write down things you have to do in the future;; a book in which you can write down the experiences you have each day, your private thoughts, etc.

container (noun)

a box, bottle, etc. in which something can be stored or transported;; a large metal or wooden box of a standard size in which goods are packed so that they can easily be lifted onto a ship, train, etc. to be transported

brother (noun)

a boy or man who has the same mother and father as another person;; used for talking to or talking about other male members of an organization or other men who have the same ideas, purpose, etc. as yourself;; a male member of a religious group, especially a monk;; used by black people as a form of address for a black man;; (in the US) a member of a fraternity (= a club for a group of male students at a college or university)

cinema (noun)

a building in which films/movies are shown;; when you go to the cinema or to the movies, you go to a cinema/movie theater to see a film/movie;; films/movies as an art or an industry

factory (noun)

a building or group of buildings where goods are made

clinic (noun)

a building or part of a hospital where people can go for special medical treatment or advice;; a period of time during which doctors give special medical treatment or advice;; a private hospital or one that treats health problems of a particular kind;; a building shared by a group of doctors who work together;; an occasion in a hospital when medical students learn by watching a specialist examine and treat patients;; an occasion at which a professional person, especially a sportsman or sportswoman gives advice and training

church (noun)

a building where Christians go to worship;; a service or services in a church;; a particular group of Christians;; the ministers of the Christian religion; the institution of the Christian religion;; an organization that accepts a wide range of opinions

agency (noun)

a business or an organization that provides a particular service especially on behalf of other businesses or organizations;; a government department that provides a particular service;; as a result of the action of somebody/something

company (noun)

a business organization that makes money by producing or selling goods or services;; a group of people who work or perform together;; the fact of being with somebody else and not alone;; guests in your house;; a group of people together;; a group of soldiers that is part of a battalion;; the people that somebody spends time with;; to be friends with people that others disapprove of;; together with or at the same time as somebody/something;; if you say that somebody is in good company, you mean that they should not worry about a mistake, etc. because somebody else, especially somebody more important, has done the same thing;; to stay with somebody so that they are not alone;; to leave somebody; to end a relationship with somebody;; to disagree with somebody about something;; used after being rude or critical about somebody to say that the people you are talking to are not included in the criticism;; used to suggest that it is better to be in a group of only two people than have a third person with you as well

dignity (noun)

a calm and serious manner that deserves respect;; the fact of being given honour and respect by people;; a sense of your own importance and value;; below what you see as your own importance or worth;; to demand to be treated with the respect that you think that you deserve

auto (noun)

a car

correction (noun)

a change that makes something more accurate than it was before;; the act or process of correcting something;; punishment

effect (noun)

a change that somebody/something causes in somebody/something else; a result;; a particular look, sound or impression that somebody, such as an artist or a writer, wants to create;; your personal possessions;; to cause something to come into use;; to come into use; to begin to apply;; used when you are stating what the facts of a situation are;; in use;; to start to produce the results that are intended;; to come into use; to begin to apply;; used to show that you are giving the general meaning of what somebody has said or written rather than the exact words;; producing a good, successful, dramatic, etc. result or impression;; not producing the result you intend or hope for;; starting now; starting from...

aluminium (noun)

a chemical element. Aluminium is a light, silver-grey metal used for making pans, etc.

carbon (noun)

a chemical element. Carbon is found in all living things, existing in a pure state as diamond and graphite.;; used when referring to the gas carbon dioxide in terms of the effect it has on the earth's climate in causing global warming;; a piece of carbon paper

copper (noun)

a chemical element. Copper is a soft reddish-brown metal used for making electric wires, pipes and coins;; brown coins that do not have much value;; a police officer

acid (noun)

a chemical, usually a liquid, that contains hydrogen and has a pH of less than seven. The hydrogen can be replaced by a metal to form a salt. Acids are usually sour and can often burn holes in or damage things they touch.

cousin (noun)

a child of your aunt or uncle;; a person who is in your wider family but who is not closely related to you;; a way of describing people from another country who are similar in some way to people in your own country;; a way of describing things that are similar or related in some way

decision (noun)

a choice or judgement that you make after thinking and talking about what is the best thing to do;; the ability to decide something clearly and quickly;; the process of deciding something

distinction (noun)

a clear difference or contrast especially between people or things that are similar or related;; the quality of being excellent or important;; the quality of being something that is special;; the separation of people or things into different groups;; a special mark/grade or award that is given to somebody, especially a student, for excellent work

diamond (noun)

a clear precious stone of pure carbon, the hardest substance known. Diamonds are used in jewellery and also in industry, especially for cutting glass.;; a shape with four straight sides of equal length and with angles that are not right angles;; one of the four suits (= sets) in a pack / deck of cards. The cards are marked with red diamond shapes.;; a card of this suit;; the space inside the lines that connect the four bases; also used to mean the whole baseball field

cent (noun)

a coin and unit of money worth 1% of the main unit of money in many countries, for example of the US dollar or of the euro;; to give your opinion about something, even if other people do not want to hear it

archive (noun)

a collection of historical documents or records of a government, a family, a place or an organization; the place where these records are stored

exhibition (noun)

a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public;; the act of showing something, for example works of art, to the public;; the act of showing a skill, a feeling, or a kind of behaviour;; an amount of money that is given as a prize to a student;; to behave in a bad or stupid way in public

enterprise (noun)

a company or business;; a large project, especially one that is difficult;; the development of businesses by the people of a country rather than by the government;; the ability to think of new projects and make them successful

airline (noun)

a company that provides regular flights to take passengers and goods to different places

analogy (noun)

a comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features; a feature that is similar;; the process of comparing one thing with another thing that has similar features in order to explain it

contest (noun)

a competition in which people try to win something;; a struggle to gain control or power;; used to say that one side in a competition is so much stronger or better than the other that it is sure to win easily

championship (noun)

a competition to find the best player or team in a particular sport;; the position of being a champion;; the football (soccer ) league in England and Wales that has the second best teams in it, after the Premier League

catalogue (noun)

a complete list of items, for example of things that people can look at or buy;; a long series of things that happen (usually bad things)

circle (noun)

a completely round flat shape;; the line that forms the edge of a circle;; a thing or a group of people or things shaped like a circle;; an upper floor of a theatre or cinema/movie theater where the seats are arranged in curved rows;; a group of people who are connected because they have the same interests, jobs, etc.;; to return to the situation in which you started, after a series of events or experiences;; to work hard at something or discuss something without making any progress;; to be busy doing something without achieving anything important or making progress

correlation (noun)

a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does

basket (noun)

a container for holding or carrying things. Baskets are made of thin strips of material that bends and twists easily, for example plastic, wire or wicker.;; the amount contained in a basket;; a facility on a website that records the items that you select to buy;; the net and the metal ring it hangs from, high up at each end of a basketball court; a point that is scored by throwing the ball through this net;; a number of different goods or currencies;; to rely on one particular course of action for success rather than giving yourself several different possibilities

bag (noun)

a container made of paper or plastic, that opens at the top, used especially in shops/stores;; a strong container made from cloth, plastic, leather, etc., usually with one or two handles, used to carry things in when shopping or travelling;; the amount contained in a bag;; a large amount or a large number of something;; dark circles or loose folds of skin under the eyes, as a result of getting old or lack of sleep;; an insulting word for an unpleasant or bad-tempered older woman;; all the birds, animals, etc. shot or caught on one occasion;; (not) something that you are interested in or good at;; with all your possessions, especially secretly or suddenly;; a set of methods or equipment that somebody can use;; a very thin person or animal;; to be very nervous;; if something is in the bag, it is almost certain to be won or achieved;; to suddenly make somebody responsible for something important, such as finishing a difficult job, that is really your responsibility;; to tell a secret carelessly or by mistake;; to leave a person or place permanently, especially after a disagreement;; to succeed in doing something difficult by making an extra effort or doing something clever or surprising

box (noun)

a container made of wood, cardboard, metal, etc. with a flat stiff base and sides and often a lid, used especially for holding solid things;; a box and its contents;; a small area in a theatre or court separated off from where other people sit;; a small shelter used for a particular purpose;; a small square or rectangle drawn on a page or computer screen for people to put information in;; the television;; an area on a sports field that is marked by lines and used for a particular purpose;; a piece of plastic that a man wears over his sex organs to protect them while he is playing a sport, especially cricket;; a small evergreen tree or bush with thick dark leaves, used especially for garden hedges;; the hard wood of this bush;; a set of methods or equipment that somebody can use;; to hit somebody with your hand on the side of their head as a punishment;; to think about something, or how to do something, in a way that is new, different or shows imagination;; to do exactly the right things to please somebody

bin (noun)

a container that you put waste in;; a large container, usually with a lid, for storing things in

decline (noun)

a continuous decrease in the number, value, quality, etc. of something

argument (noun)

a conversation or discussion in which two or more people disagree, often angrily;; a reason or set of reasons that somebody uses to show that something is true or correct;; the act of disagreeing in a conversation or discussion using a reason or set of reasons

colony (noun)

a country or an area that is governed by people from another, more powerful, country;; a group of people who go to live permanently in a colony;; a group of people from the same place or with the same work or interests who live in a particular city or country or who live together;; a small town set up by an employer or an organization for its workers;; a group of plants or animals that live together or grow in the same place

ally (noun)

a country that has agreed to help and support another country, especially in case of a war;; a person who helps and supports somebody who is in a difficult situation, especially a politician;; the group of countries including Britain and the US that fought together in the First and Second World Wars

bird (noun)

a creature that is covered with feathers and has two wings and two legs. Most birds can fly.;; a way of referring to a young woman;; a person of a particular type, especially somebody who is strange or unusual in some way;; to not be important or practical;; the wanted person has escaped;; it is better to keep something that you already have than to risk losing it by trying to get much more;; the basic facts about sex, especially as told to children;; a view of something from a high position looking down;; people of the same sort (are found together);; the person who takes the opportunity to do something before other people will have an advantage over them;; to shout at somebody as a sign of disapproval; to be shouted at;; to make a rude sign at somebody with your middle finger; to have this sign made at you;; to achieve two things at the same time with one action;; used to say that somebody told you something but you do not want to say who it was

animal (noun)

a creature that is not a bird, a fish, a reptile, an insect or a human;; any living thing that is not a plant or a human;; any living creature, including humans;; a person who behaves in a cruel or unpleasant way, or who is very dirty;; a particular type of person, thing, organization, etc.

atrocity (noun)

a cruel and violent act, especially in a war

anniversary (noun)

a date that is an exact number of years after the date of an important or special event

bowl (noun)

a deep round dish with a wide open top, used especially for holding food or liquid;; the amount contained in a bowl;; the part of some objects that is shaped like a bowl;; a large round theatre without a roof, used for concerts, etc. outdoors;; a heavy wooden ball that is used in the games of bowls and bowling;; a game played on an area of very smooth grass, in which players take turns to roll bowls as near as possible to a small ball;; The balls are heavier on one side so they travel in a curve. Bowls has been popular in Britain for about 600 years and there is a famous story from 1588 about Sir Francis Drake and a game of bowls. According to the story, he was told during the game that the Spanish Armada was coming, but he said, 'There is time to win this game and beat the Spaniards, too.' Bowls is now usually played by older people.;; a game of American football played after the main season between the best teams

battery (noun)

a device that is placed inside a car engine, clock, radio, etc. and that produces the electricity that makes it work;; a large number of things or people of the same type;; a number of large guns that are used together;; a large number of small cages that are joined together and are used for keeping chickens, etc. in on a farm;; the crime of attacking somebody physically;; to get back your strength and energy by resting for a while

contrast (noun)

a difference between two or more people or things that you can see clearly when they are compared or put close together; the fact of comparing two or more things in order to show the differences between them;; a person or thing that is clearly different from somebody/something else;; differences in colour or in light and dark, used in photographs and paintings to create a special effect;; the amount of difference between light and dark in a photograph or the picture on a television screen

constituency (noun)

a district that elects its own representative to parliament;; the people who live in and vote in a particular district;; a particular group of people in society who are likely to support a person, an idea or a product

bill (noun)

a document that shows how much you owe somebody for goods or services;; a piece of paper that shows how much you have to pay for the food and drinks that you have had in a restaurant;; a piece of paper money;; a written suggestion for a new law that is presented to a country's parliament so that its members can discuss it;; In Britain a bill must be discussed in the House of Commons and the House of Lords before it can become a law. In the US it must be discussed either in the House of Representatives or the Senate. If enough people vote for it there, it is discussed in the other house of Congress, and if it is passed it goes to the President, who decides whether or not it should become a law. see also Act of Parliament;; a programme of entertainment at a theatre, etc.;; a notice in a public place to advertise an event;; the hard pointed or curved outer part of a bird's mouth;; having the type of bill mentioned;; the stiff front part of a cap that sticks out above your eyes;; a report that says somebody is healthy or that something is in good condition;; to be what is needed in a particular situation or for a particular purpose;; to be responsible for paying the cost of something

entrance (noun)

a door, gate, passage, etc. used for entering a room, building or place;; the act of entering a room, building or place, especially in a way that attracts the attention of other people;; the right or opportunity to enter a building or place;; the act of becoming involved in something;; permission to become a member of a club, society, university, etc.

cocktail (noun)

a drink usually made from a mixture of one or more spirits (= strong alcoholic drinks) and fruit juice. It can also be made without alcohol;; a dish of small pieces of food, usually served cold;; a mixture of different substances, usually ones that do not mix together well

burden (noun)

a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work;; a heavy load that is difficult to carry

breach (noun)

a failure to do something that must be done by law;; an action that breaks an agreement to behave in a particular way;; a break in a relationship between people or countries;; an opening that is created during a military attack or by strong winds or seas;; to do somebody's job or work when they are suddenly or unexpectedly unable to do it

celebrity (noun)

a famous person;; the state of being famous

defect (noun)

a fault in something or in the way it has been made which means that it is not perfect

doubt (noun)

a feeling of being uncertain about something or not believing something;; to be uncertain;; in a way that shows that something is completely certain;; to accept that somebody has told the truth or has not done something wrong because you cannot prove that they have not told the truth/have done something wrong;; to have reasons why you are not certain about whether something is good or whether something good will happen;; used to give advice to somebody who cannot decide what to do;; used when you are saying that something is probable;; used when you are saying that something is certainly true;; used when you are giving your opinion and emphasizing the point that you are making

delight (noun)

a feeling of great pleasure;; something that gives you great pleasure

distress (noun)

a feeling of great worry or unhappiness; great suffering;; suffering and problems caused by not having enough money, food, etc.;; a situation in which a ship, plane, etc. is in danger or difficulty and needs help;; a woman who needs help

attraction (noun)

a feeling of liking somebody, especially sexually;; an interesting or enjoyable place to go or thing to do;; a feature, quality or person that makes something seem interesting and enjoyable, and worth having or doing;; a force that pulls things towards each other

battle (noun)

a fight between armies, ships or planes, especially during a war; a violent fight between groups of people;; a competition, an argument or a struggle between people or groups of people trying to win power or control;; a determined effort that somebody makes to solve a difficult problem or succeed in a difficult situation;; used to say that people or groups have shown which side they intend to support in an argument or contest that is going to begin;; to fight or argue with somebody;; to try to do something that you will probably never succeed in doing;; to be able to win an argument or get what you want without anyone's help;; the most important or difficult part of achieving something;; to begin fighting somebody

documentary (noun)

a film or a radio or television programme giving facts about something

adaptation (noun)

a film/movie, book or play that is based on a particular piece of work but that has been changed for a new situation;; the process of changing something, for example your behaviour, to suit a new situation

dust (noun)

a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of sand, earth, etc.;; the fine powder of dirt that forms in buildings, on furniture, floors, etc.;; a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of a particular substance;; to fail, or to be defeated or destroyed;; to die;; to leave somebody far behind;; to wait for a situation to become clear or certain

envelope (noun)

a flat paper container used for sending letters in;; a flat container made of plastic for keeping papers in;; to go beyond the limits of what is allowed or thought to be possible

dish (noun)

a flat shallow container for cooking food in or serving it from;; the plates, bowls, cups, etc. that have been used for a meal and need to be washed;; food prepared in a particular way as part of a meal;; any object that is shaped like a dish or bowl;; a sexually attractive person

electricity (noun)

a form of energy from charged elementary particles, usually supplied as electric current through cables, wires, etc. for lighting, heating, driving machines, etc.;; a feeling of great emotion, excitement, etc.

application (noun)

a formal (often written) request for something, such as a job, permission to do something or a place at a college or university;; the practical use of something, especially a theory, discovery, etc.;; an act of putting or spreading something, such as paint or medical creams, onto something else;; the act of making a rule, etc. operate or become effective;; a program designed to do a particular job; a piece of software;; determination to work hard at something; great effort

appointment (noun)

a formal arrangement to meet or visit somebody at a particular time, especially for a reason connected with their work;; the act of choosing a person for a job or position of responsibility; the fact of being chosen for a job, etc.;; a job or position of responsibility

debate (noun)

a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting or in a parliament. In a debate two or more speakers express opposing views and then there is often a vote on the issue.;; an argument or a discussion expressing different opinions

appeal (noun)

a formal request to a court or to somebody in authority for a judgement or a decision to be changed;; a quality that makes somebody/something attractive or interesting;; an urgent and deeply felt request for money, help or information, especially one made by a charity or by the police;; an indirect suggestion that any good, fair or reasonable person would act in a particular way

exam (noun)

a formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at school or college, to see how much you know about a subject, or what you can do;; a medical test of a particular part of the body

buddy (noun)

a friend;; used to speak to a man you do not know;; a partner who does an activity with you so that you can help each other

adult (noun)

a fully grown person who is legally responsible for their actions;; a fully grown animal

basketball (noun)

a game played by two teams of five players, using a large ball which players try to throw into a high net hanging from a ring;; the ball used in this game

baseball (noun)

a game played especially in the US by two teams of nine players, using a bat (1) and ball. Each player tries to hit the ball and then run around four bases before the other team can return the ball.;; the ball used in this game;; expert knowledge about baseball;; technical information about any subject

bottle (noun)

a glass or plastic container, usually round with straight sides and a narrow neck, used especially for storing liquids;; the amount contained in a bottle;; alcoholic drink;; a bottle used to give milk to a baby; the milk from such a bottle (used instead of mother's milk);; courage or confidence, for example to do something that is dangerous or unpleasant

coalition (noun)

a government formed by two or more political parties working together;; a group formed by people from several different groups, especially political ones, agreeing to work together for a particular purpose;; the act of two or more groups joining together

cloud (noun)

a grey or white mass made of very small drops of water, that floats in the sky;; a large mass of something in the air, for example dust or smoke, or a number of insects flying all together;; something that makes you feel sad or anxious;; a network of servers (= computers that control or supply information to other computers) on which data and software can be stored or managed and to which users have access over the Internet;; every sad or difficult situation has a positive side;; to be thinking about something that is not connected with what you are doing;; to have ideas, plans, etc. that are not realistic;; extremely happy;; if somebody is under a cloud, other people think that they have done something wrong and are suspicious of them

cabinet (noun)

a group of chosen members of a government, which is responsible for advising and deciding on government policy;; a piece of furniture with doors, drawers and/or shelves, that is used for storing or showing things

empire (noun)

a group of countries or states that are controlled by one ruler or government;; a group of commercial organizations controlled by one person or company

collection (noun)

a group of objects, often of the same sort, that have been collected;; a group of objects or people;; an act of taking something away from a place; an act of bringing things together into one place;; a group of poems, stories or pieces of music published together as one book, disc, etc.;; an act of collecting money to help a charity or during a church service; the money collected;; a range of new clothes or items for the home that are designed, made and offered for sale, often for a particular season

embassy (noun)

a group of officials led by an ambassador who represent their government in a foreign country;; the building in which an embassy works

category (noun)

a group of people or things with particular features in common

committee (noun)

a group of people who are chosen, usually by a larger group, to make decisions or to deal with a particular subject

council (noun)

a group of people who are elected to govern an area such as a city or county;; the organization that provides services in a city or county, for example education, houses, libraries, etc.;; a group of people chosen to give advice, make rules, do research, provide money, etc.;; (especially in the past) a formal meeting to discuss what action to take in a particular situation

congregation (noun)

a group of people who are gathered together in a church to worship God, not including the priest and choir;; a group of people who regularly attend a particular place of worship

assembly (noun)

a group of people who have been elected to meet together regularly and make decisions or laws for a particular region or country;; the meeting together of a group of people for a particular purpose; a group of people who meet together for a particular purpose;; a meeting of the teachers and students in a school, usually at the start of the day, to give information, discuss school events or say prayers together;; the process of putting together the parts of something such as a vehicle or piece of furniture

club (noun)

a group of people who meet together regularly, for a particular activity, sport, etc.;; the building or rooms that a particular club uses;; a professional sports organization that includes the players, managers, owners and members;; a place where people, especially young people, go and listen to music, dance, etc.;; (especially in Britain) an organization and a place where people can meet together socially or stay;; an organization that sells books, CDs, etc. cheaply to its members;; a heavy stick with one end thicker than the other, that is used as a weapon;; one of the four sets of cards (called suits ) in a pack / deck of cards. The clubs have a black design shaped like three black leaves on a short stem.;; one card from the suit called clubs;; to be pregnant;; used when something bad that has happened to somebody else has also happened to you

delegation (noun)

a group of people who represent the views of an organization, a country, etc.;; the process of giving somebody work or responsibilities that would usually be yours

choir (noun)

a group of people who sing together, for example in church services or public performances;; the part of a church where the choir sits during services

class (noun)

a group of students who are taught together;; an occasion when a group of students meets to be taught;; a series of classes on a particular subject;; a group of students who finish their studies at school, college or university in a particular year;; one of the groups of people in a society that are thought of as being at the same social or economic level;; the way that people are divided into different social and economic groups;; a group of people, animals or things that have similar characteristics or qualities;; an elegant quality or a high level of skill that is impressive;; each of several different levels of comfort that are available to travellers in a plane, etc.;; one of the levels of achievement in a British university degree exam;; a group into which animals, plants, etc. that have similar characteristics are divided, below a phylum;; the people in society who like to give their opinions on political or social issues

cluster (noun)

a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together;; a group of people, animals or things close together;; a group of consonants which come together in a word or phrase, for example /str/ at the beginning of string

dozen (noun)

a group of twelve of the same thing;; a group of approximately twelve people or things;; a lot of people or things;; used to say that there is not much real difference between two possible choices;; to talk, etc. without stopping;; very common and therefore not valuable

clause (noun)

a group of words that includes a subject and a verb, and forms a sentence or part of a sentence;; an item in a legal document that says that a particular thing must or must not be done

array (noun)

a group or collection of things or people, often one that is large or impressive;; a way of organizing and storing related data in a computer memory;; a set of numbers, signs or values arranged in rows and columns

chamber (noun)

a hall in a public building that is used for formal meetings;; one of the parts of a parliament;; a room used for the particular purpose that is mentioned;; a space in the body, in a plant or in a machine, which is separated from the rest;; a space under the ground which is almost completely closed on all sides;; a bedroom or private room

coal (noun)

a hard black mineral that is found below the ground and burnt to produce heat;; a piece of coal, especially one that is burning;; to take goods to a place where there are already plenty of them; to supply something where it is not needed;; to criticize somebody severely because they have done something wrong;; to criticize somebody severely because they have done something wrong

chocolate (noun)

a hard brown sweet food made from cocoa beans, used in cooking to add flavour to cakes, etc. or eaten as a sweet/candy;; a sweet/candy that is made of or covered with chocolate;; a dark brown colour

anchor (noun)

a heavy metal object that is attached to a rope or chain and dropped over the side of a ship or boat to keep it in one place;; a person or thing that gives somebody a feeling of safety

cliff (noun)

a high area of rock with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or ocean;; to decrease quickly and suddenly in quantity or quality

bell (noun)

a hollow metal object, often shaped like a cup, that makes a ringing sound when hit by a small piece of metal inside it; the sound that it makes;; an electrical device which makes a ringing sound when a button on it is pushed; the sound that it makes, used as a signal or a warning;; if you say that alarm bells are ringing, you mean that people are starting to feel worried and suspicious;; to call somebody by telephone;; used to show that you do not believe what somebody has just said;; to sound familiar to you, as though you have heard it before;; in perfect condition

columnist (noun)

a journalist who writes regular articles for a newspaper or magazine

cruise (noun)

a journey by sea, visiting different places, especially as a holiday/vacation

estimate (noun)

a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size, amount, cost, etc. of something;; a statement of how much a piece of work will probably cost

contradiction (noun)

a lack of agreement between facts, opinions, actions, etc.;; the act of saying that something that somebody else has said is wrong or not true; an example of this;; a statement containing two words that contradict each other's meaning

city (noun)

a large and important town;; a town that has been given special rights by a king or queen, usually one that has a cathedral;; a town that has been given special rights by the state government;; all the people who live in a city;; Britain's financial and business centre, in the oldest part of London;; used after other nouns to say that a place is full of a particular thing;; (in Britain) an honour that is given to somebody by a city as a reward for work they have done

cow (noun)

a large animal kept on farms to produce milk or beef;; the female of the elephant, whale and some other large animals;; an offensive word for a woman;; an unpleasant person, thing or situation;; to become very angry or anxious about something;; for a very long time; for ever

desert (noun)

a large area of land that has very little water and very few plants growing on it. Many deserts are covered by sand.

estate (noun)

a large area of land, usually in the country, that is owned by one person or family;; an area of land with a lot of houses or factories of the same type on it;; all the money and property that a person owns, especially everything that is left when they die

chicken (noun)

a large bird that is often kept for its eggs or meat;; meat from a chicken;; a situation in which it is difficult to tell which one of two things was the cause of the other;; used to say that if somebody says or does something bad or wrong, it will affect them badly in the future;; you should not be too confident that something will be successful, because something may still go wrong;; to play a game in which people do something dangerous for as long as they can to show how brave they are. The person who stops first has lost the game.;; to be very busy and active trying to do something, but not very organized, with the result that you do not succeed

corporation (noun)

a large business company;; an organization or a group of organizations that is recognized by law as a single unit;; a group of people elected to govern a large town or city and provide public services

blanket (noun)

a large cover, often made of wool, used especially on beds to keep people warm;; a thick layer or covering of something

cave (noun)

a large hole in the side of a hill or under the ground

crowd (noun)

a large number of people gathered together in a public place, for example in the streets or at a sports game;; a particular group of people;; ordinary people, not special or unusual in any way

conference (noun)

a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views;; a meeting at which people have formal discussions;; a group of sports teams that play against each other in a league

army (noun)

a large organized group of soldiers who are trained to fight on land;; the part of a country's armed forces that fights on land;; a large number of people or things, especially when they are organized in some way or involved in a particular activity

block (noun)

a large piece of a solid material that is square or rectangular in shape and usually has flat sides;; a tall building that contains flats or offices; buildings that form part of a school, hospital, etc. which are used for a particular purpose;; a group of buildings with streets on all sides;; the length of one side of a piece of land or group of buildings, from the place where one street crosses it to the next;; a large area of land;; an area of land for building a house on;; a quantity of something or an amount of time that is considered as a single unit;; something that makes movement or progress difficult or impossible;; a movement that stops another player from going forward;; (in the past) the piece of wood on which a person's head was cut off as a punishment;; a person who is new to a place, an organization, etc.;; a person who is very similar to their mother or father in the way that they look or behave;; to be sold, especially at an auction (= a sale in which items are sold to the person who offers the most money);; to have a lot of experience;; used to threaten somebody that you will hit them;; to risk losing your job, damaging your reputation, etc. by doing or saying something

cooker (noun)

a large piece of equipment for cooking food, containing an oven and gas or electric rings on top

abundance (noun)

a large quantity that is more than enough;; in large quantities

bus (noun)

a large road vehicle that carries passengers, especially one that travels along a fixed route and stops regularly to let people get on and off;; a set of wires that carries information from one part of a computer system to another;; to make somebody else suffer in order to save yourself or gain an advantage for yourself

barrel (noun)

a large round container, usually made of wood or metal, with flat ends and, usually, curved sides;; the contents of or the amount contained in a barrel; a unit of measurement in the oil industry equal to between 120 and 159 litres;; the part of a gun like a tube through which the bullets are fired;; very amusing; a lot of fun;; used to emphasize how easy it is to do something;; including everything;; (to put/have somebody) in a situation in which they must accept or do what you want;; to have to use whatever things or people you can get, because there is not much choice available

castle (noun)

a large strong building with thick high walls and towers, built in the past by kings or queens, or other important people, to defend themselves against attack;; any of the four pieces placed in the corner squares of the board at the start of the game, usually made to look like a castle;; (to have) plans or dreams that are not likely to happen or come true;; a person's home is a place where they can be private and safe and do as they like

bath (noun)

a large, long container that you put water in and then get into to wash your whole body;; the water in a bath/ bathtub, ready to use;; an act of washing your whole body by sitting or lying in water;; a public building where you can go to swim;; a public place where people went in the past to wash or have a bath;; a container with a liquid such as water or a dye in it, in which something is washed or placed for a period of time. Baths are used in industrial, chemical and medical processes.;; to lose money on a business agreement

attorney (noun)

a lawyer, especially one who can act for somebody in court;; a person who is given the power to act on behalf of another in business or legal matters

beam (noun)

a line of light, electric waves or particles;; a long piece of wood, metal, etc. used to support weight, especially as part of the roof in a building;; a wooden bar that is used in the sport of gymnastics for people to move and balance on;; a wide and happy smile;; not correct; wrong

curve (noun)

a line or surface that bends gradually; a smooth bend;; a ball that moves in a curve when it is thrown to the batter;; in advance of or behind a particular trend

circuit (noun)

a line, route or journey around a place;; the complete path of wires and equipment along which an electric current flows;; a series of games or matches in which the same players regularly take part;; a track for cars or motorcycles to race around;; a series of places or events of a particular kind at which the same people appear or take part;; a regular journey made by a judge to hear court cases in each of the courts of law in a particular area

drink (noun)

a liquid for drinking; an amount of a liquid that you drink;; alcohol or an alcoholic drink; something that you drink on a social occasion;; a social occasion where you have alcoholic drinks;; alcoholic drink;; something that somebody enjoys very much

agenda (noun)

a list of items to be discussed at a meeting;; a plan of things to be done, or problems to be addressed;; the intention behind what somebody says or does, that is often secret

about (adverb)

a little more or less than; a little before or after;; nearly; very close to;; in many directions; here and there;; in no particular order; in various places;; doing nothing in particular;; able to be found in a place;; facing the opposite direction;; almost; very nearly;; approximately;; able to go outside again after an illness;; travelling around a place;; used to say that you have finished telling somebody about something and there is nothing to add

creature (noun)

a living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animal;; a person, considered in a particular way;; a person or thing that depends completely on somebody else and is controlled by them

discourse (noun)

a long and serious treatment or discussion of a subject in speech or writing;; the use of language in speech and writing in order to produce meaning; language that is studied, usually in order to see how the different parts of a text are connected

banana (noun)

a long curved fruit with a thick yellow skin and soft flesh, that grows on trees in hot countries;; to become angry, crazy or silly

counter (noun)

a long flat surface over which goods are sold or business is done in a shop/store, bank, etc.;; a flat surface in a kitchen for preparing food on;; a small disc used for playing or scoring in some board games;; an electronic device for counting something;; a response to somebody/something that opposes their ideas, position, etc.;; goods, especially medicines, for sale over the counter can be bought without a prescription (= written permission from a doctor to buy a medicine) or special licence;; goods that are bought or sold under the counter are sold secretly and sometimes illegally

corridor (noun)

a long narrow passage in a building, with doors that open into rooms on either side;; a passage on a train;; a long narrow strip of land belonging to one country that passes through the land of another country; a part of the sky over a country that planes, for example from another country, can fly through;; a long narrow strip of land that follows the course of an important road or river;; the higher levels of government, where important decisions are made

belt (noun)

a long narrow piece of leather, cloth, etc. that you wear around the waist;; a continuous band of material that moves round and is used to carry things along or to drive machinery;; an area with particular characteristics or where a particular group of people live;; an act of hitting something/somebody hard;; unfair or cruel;; taking more actions than are really necessary to make sure that something succeeds or works as it should;; to have already achieved or obtained something;; to spend less money because there is less available

drought (noun)

a long period of time when there is little or no rain

banner (noun)

a long piece of cloth with a message on it that is carried between two poles or hung in a public place to show support for something;; claiming to support a particular set of ideas;; as part of a particular group or organization

carrot (noun)

a long pointed orange root vegetable;; a reward promised to somebody in order to persuade them to do something;; if you use the carrot and stick approach, you persuade somebody to try harder by offering them a reward if they do, or a punishment if they do not

bench (noun)

a long seat for two or more people, usually made of wood;; a judge in court or the seat where he/she sits; the position of being a judge or magistrate;; (in the British parliament) a seat where a particular group of politicians sit;; the seats where players sit when they are not playing in the game

canal (noun)

a long straight passage dug in the ground and filled with water for boats and ships to travel along; a smaller passage used for carrying water to fields, crops, etc.;; a tube inside the body through which liquid, food or air can pass

board (noun)

a long thin piece of strong hard material, especially wood, used, for example, for making floors, building walls and roofs and making boats;; a piece of wood, or other strong material, that is used for a special purpose;; a group of people who have power to make decisions and control a company or other organization;; used in the name of some organizations;; the meals that are provided when you stay in a hotel, guest house, etc.; what you pay for the meals;; exams that you take when you apply to go to college in the US;; the stage in a theatre;; the low wooden wall surrounding the area where a game of ice hockey is played;; involving everyone or everything in a company, an industry, etc.;; to be rejected or ignored; to be no longer possible;; on or in a ship, an aircraft or a train;; giving your support to an idea or a project;; to win all the prizes, etc. in a competition;; to accept and understand an idea or a suggestion

boy (noun)

a male child or a young male person;; a young son;; a boy or young man who does a particular job;; a way of talking about somebody who comes from a particular place, etc.;; a group of male friends who often go out together;; a way of talking with affection about your country's soldiers;; used as an offensive way of addressing a black man, especially in the past;; it is not healthy to spend all your time working; you need to relax too;; the police;; you should not be surprised when boys or men behave in a noisy or rough way as this is part of typical male behaviour;; people use the expression jobs for the boys when they are criticizing the fact that somebody in power has given work to friends or relatives;; from when somebody was young to when they were old or older;; to show or prove who is brave, skilful, etc. and who is not

boyfriend (noun)

a man or boy that somebody has a romantic or sexual relationship with

businessman (noun)

a man who works in business, especially at a high level;; a man who is skilful in business and financial matters

cross (noun)

a mark or an object formed by two lines crossing each other (X or +); the mark (X) is often used on paper to show something;; a long vertical piece of wood with a shorter piece across it near the top. In the past people were hung on crosses and left to die as a punishment.;; the cross that Jesus Christ died on, used as a symbol of Christianity;; an object, a design, a piece of jewellery, etc. in the shape of a cross, used as a symbol of Christianity;; a small decoration in the shape of a cross that is given to somebody as an honour for doing something very brave;; a mixture of two different things, breeds of animal, etc.;; a kick or hit of the ball across the field rather than up or down it;; to have a difficult problem that makes you worried or unhappy but that you have to deal with

dimension (noun)

a measurement in space, for example the height, width or length of something;; the size and extent of a situation;; an aspect, or way of looking at or thinking about something

depression (noun)

a medical condition in which a person feels very sad and anxious and often has physical symptoms such as being unable to sleep, etc.;; the state of feeling very sad and without hope;; a period when there is little economic activity and many people are poor or without jobs;; a part of a surface that is lower than the parts around it;; a weather condition in which the pressure of the air becomes lower, often causing rain

commissioner (noun)

a member of a commission (= an official group of people who are responsible for controlling something or finding out about something);; the head of a particular police force in some countries;; the head of a government department in some countries;; (in the US) an official chosen by a sports association to control it

councillor (noun)

a member of a council

error (noun)

a mistake, especially one that causes problems or affects the result of something;; to realize or admit that you have done something wrong and decide to change your behaviour;; the process of solving a problem by trying various methods until you find a method that is successful

drum (noun)

a musical instrument made of a hollow round frame with plastic or skin stretched tightly across one or both ends. You play it by hitting it with sticks or with your hands.;; a large container for oil or chemicals, shaped like a cylinder;; a thing shaped like a drum, especially part of a machine;; to speak with enthusiasm in support of somebody/something;; to behave in a different way from other people; to have different attitudes or ideas

element (noun)

a necessary or typical part of something;; a small amount of a quality or feeling;; a group of people who form a part of a larger group or society;; a simple chemical substance that consists of atoms of only one type and cannot be split by chemical means into a simpler substance. Gold, oxygen and carbon are all elements.;; one of the four substances: earth, air, fire and water, which people used to believe everything else was made of;; the weather, especially bad weather;; the basic principles of a subject that you have to learn first;; a natural or suitable environment, especially for an animal;; the part of a piece of electrical equipment that gives out heat;; doing what you are good at and enjoy;; in a situation that you are not used to and that makes you feel uncomfortable

challenge (noun)

a new or difficult task that tests somebody's ability and skill;; an invitation or a suggestion to somebody that they should enter a competition, fight, etc.;; a statement or an action that shows that somebody refuses to accept something and questions whether it is right, legal, etc.

advertisement (noun)

a notice, picture or film telling people about a product, job or service;; an example of something that shows its good qualities;; the act of advertising something and making it public

bunch (noun)

a number of things of the same type which are growing or fastened together;; a large amount of something; a large number of things or people;; a group of people;; long hair that is divided in two and tied at each side of the head;; a person or thing that is a little better than the rest of a group, although none are very good;; the best out of a group of people or things

chart (noun)

a page or sheet of information in the form of diagrams, lists of figures, etc.;; a detailed map of the sea;; a list, produced each week, of the songs or albums that have sold the most copies or been downloaded or listened to via streaming (2) the most frequently;; extremely high in level

backdrop (noun)

a painted piece of cloth that is hung behind the stage in a theatre as part of the scenery;; everything that can be seen around an event that is taking place, but which is not part of that event;; the general conditions in which an event takes place, which sometimes help to explain that event

branch (noun)

a part of a tree that grows out from the main stem and on which leaves, flowers and fruit grow;; a local office or shop/store belonging to a large company or organization;; a part of a government or other large organization that deals with one particular aspect of its work;; a division of an area of knowledge or a group of languages;; a smaller or less important part of a river, road, railway/railroad, etc. that leads away from the main part;; a group of members of a family who all have the same ancestors;; thoroughly and completely

corner (noun)

a part of something where two or more sides, lines or edges join;; with the number of corners mentioned; involving the number of groups mentioned;; the place inside a room or a box where two sides join; the area around this place;; a place where two streets join;; a sharp bend in a road;; a region or an area of a place (sometimes used for one that is far away or difficult to reach);; a difficult situation;; a free kick or hit that you take from the corner of your opponent's end of the field;; any of the four corners of a ring1; the supporters who help in the corner;; very near;; to support and encourage somebody; to have somebody who supports and encourages you;; to go across the corner of an area and not around the sides of it, because it is quicker;; to do something in the easiest, cheapest or quickest way, often by ignoring rules or leaving something out;; to defend your/somebody's position against other people;; to see something by accident or not very clearly because you see it from the side of your eye and are not looking straight at it;; a very difficult or dangerous situation;; to pass a very important point in an illness or a difficult situation and begin to improve

bay (noun)

a part of the sea, or of a large lake, partly surrounded by a wide curve of the land;; a marked section of ground either inside or outside a building, for example for a vehicle to park in, for storing things, etc.;; a curved area of a room or building that sticks out from the rest of the building;; a horse of a dark brown colour;; a deep noise, especially the noise made by dogs when hunting;; a herb used to give flavour to food, made of the leaves of the bay tree;; when an animal that is being hunted is at bay, it must turn and face the dogs and hunters because it is impossible to escape from them;; to prevent an enemy from coming close or a problem from having a bad effect

date (noun)

a particular day of the month, sometimes in a particular year, given in numbers and words;; a time in the past or future that is not a particular day;; an arrangement to meet somebody at a particular time;; a meeting that you have arranged with a boyfriend or girlfriend or with somebody who might become a boyfriend or girlfriend;; a boyfriend or girlfriend with whom you have arranged a date;; a sweet sticky brown fruit that grows on a tree called a date palm, common in N Africa and W Asia;; until now

aspect (noun)

a particular part or feature of a situation, an idea, a problem, etc.; a way in which it may be considered;; the appearance of a place, a situation or a person;; the direction in which a building, window, piece of land, etc. faces; the side of a building that faces a particular direction;; the form of a verb that shows, for example, whether the action happens once or repeatedly, is completed or still continuing

case (noun)

a particular situation or a situation of a particular type;; the true situation;; a situation that relates to a particular person or thing;; a matter that is being officially investigated, especially by the police;; a question to be decided in court;; a set of facts or arguments that support one side in a trial, a discussion, etc.;; a container or covering used to protect or store things; a container with its contents or the amount that it contains;; the fact of somebody having a disease or an injury; a person suffering from a disease or an injury;; a person who needs, or is thought to need, special treatment or attention;; the form of a noun, an adjective or a pronoun in some languages, that shows its relationship to another word;; used to say that one of two or more possibilities is true, but which one is true depends on the circumstances;; to criticize somebody all the time;; to be dealing with a particular matter, especially a criminal investigation;; a clear example of the problem, situation, etc. that is being discussed;; a situation in business, politics, etc. where there is a lot of competition and people are willing to harm each other in order to succeed;; used to tell somebody to stop criticizing you;; whatever happens or may have happened;; because of the possibility of something happening;; if something happens;; if that happens or has happened; if that is the situation;; used to say that you do not need to say any more about something because you think that you have proved your point;; used by lawyers in court to say that they have finished presenting their case

act (noun)

a particular thing that somebody does;; a law that has been passed by a parliament;; a way of behaving that is not sincere but is intended to have a particular effect on others;; one of the main divisions of a play, an opera, etc.;; one of several short pieces of entertainment in a show;; a performer or group of musicians;; an event caused by natural forces beyond human control, such as a storm, a flood or an earthquake;; to be/become involved in an activity that somebody else has started, especially to get something for yourself;; to start behaving in a moral or responsible way;; to go away or be impossible to find when people need or want you;; to organize yourself and your activities in a more effective way in order to achieve something;; a person who is so good or successful at something that it will be difficult for anyone else coming after them to be as good or successful;; while you are doing something;; to tell somebody with force that they must not do something

century (noun)

a period of 100 years;; any of the periods of 100 years before or after the birth of Christ;; a score of 100 runs by one player;; the time when a new century/year starts

day (noun)

a period of 24 hours;; the time between when it becomes light in the morning and when it becomes dark in the evening;; the hours of the day when you are awake, working, etc.;; a particular period of time or history;; part of your normal working life and not unusual;; very soon;; used to introduce the most important fact after everything has been considered;; in the past;; at a particular time in the past;; the moment in the early hours of the morning when it begins to get light;; to decide or agree to stop doing something;; to be successful against somebody/something;; easy to see or understand;; each day repeatedly (used especially when something is boring or annoying);; all the time; a little at a time and gradually;; every day for a long period of time;; the time when somebody will have to deal with the result of something that they have done wrong, or be punished for something bad that they have done;; to spend the last part of your life in a particular state or place;; everyone has good luck or success at some point in their life;; the time when you have to do something difficult or unpleasant;; the amount of fruit or vegetables that some organizations say you should eat in order to be healthy;; from the beginning;; with no thoughts or plans for the future;; if a situation changes from day to day, it changes often;; if a situation changes from one day to the next, it is uncertain and not likely to stay the same each day;; beginning on that day; from that time;; used to say that you prefer a particular thing or person to the one that has just been mentioned;; an earlier period of time in your life or in history that is seen as better/worse than the present;; a helpful, kind thing that you do;; to no longer be successful, powerful, etc.;; a friendly way of saying goodbye, especially to customers;; to be in poor condition;; (used when talking about somebody's age) at least;; used when you are very surprised at something you have never heard or seen before;; when you have had time to think calmly about something; in the morning when things are clearer;; during the part of somebody's life when they were most successful, famous, etc.;; when somebody was young;; now, in the modern world;; used to say that it is too soon to be sure how a situation will develop;; used when several unfortunate or unpleasant things happen on the same day;; after the time when an action could be successful;; the whole length of the day;; used to say that although you have failed or had a bad experience, you will continue;; to make somebody feel very happy on a particular day;; to make a particular enjoyable activity last for a whole day instead of only part of it;; all the time; continuously;; a person or thing that makes people excited for a short time but does not last very long;; to refuse to speak to somebody because you do not like or respect them;; to not have much time;; during a particular period of time when somebody lived;; that is served on a particular day in a restaurant;; used to emphasize what you are saying when you are surprised, shocked or annoyed;; at some time in the future, or on a particular day in the past;; before a long time has passed;; a day when there are a lot of mistakes and a lot of things go wrong;; common, popular or suitable at a particular time or for a particular occasion;; recently;; to say hello to somebody and have a short conversation with them;; very obvious;; used to say that a complicated task will take a long time and needs patience;; the time when you are young and do not have much experience of life;; to prevent failure or defeat, when this seems certain to happen;; to save something, especially money, for a time when you will really need it;; at an unknown time in the future;; a person or thing will not continue to live, exist or be successful for much longer;; to not think about what will happen in the future;; used when you are saying that something is very unlikely to happen;; used to talk about the present, especially when you are comparing it with the past;; used to suggest that a time in the past was happier or better than now;; exactly;; even now, when a lot of time has passed

decade (noun)

a period of ten years, especially a continuous period, such as 1910-1919 or 2000-2009

delay (noun)

a period of time when somebody/something has to wait because of a problem that makes something slow or late;; a situation in which something does not happen when it should; the act of delaying

era (noun)

a period of time, usually in history, that is different from other periods because of particular characteristics or events;; a length of time which is a division of an aeon

ancestor (noun)

a person in your family who lived a long time ago;; an animal that lived in the past which a modern animal has developed from;; an early form of a machine which later became more developed

companion (noun)

a person or an animal that travels with you or spends a lot of time with you;; a person who has similar tastes, interests, etc. to your own and whose company you enjoy;; a person who shares in your work, pleasures, sadness, etc.;; a person, usually a woman, employed to live with and help somebody, especially somebody old or ill/sick;; one of a pair of things that go together or can be used together;; used in book titles to describe a book giving useful facts and information on a particular subject

customer (noun)

a person or an organization that buys something from a shop/store or business;; used after an adjective to describe a particular type of person

competitor (noun)

a person or an organization that competes against others, especially in business;; a person who takes part in a competition

donor (noun)

a person or an organization that makes a gift of money, clothes, food, etc. to a charity, etc.;; a person who gives blood or a part of his or her body to be used by doctors in medical treatment

contractor (noun)

a person or company that has a contract to do work or provide goods or services for another company

employer (noun)

a person or company that pays people to work for them

counterpart (noun)

a person or thing that has the same position or function as somebody/something else in a different place or situation

exception (noun)

a person or thing that is not included in a general statement;; a thing that does not follow a rule;; people say that something is the exception that proves the rule when they are stating something that seems to be different from the normal situation, but they mean that the normal situation remains true in general;; to allow somebody not to follow the usual rule on one occasion;; to object strongly to something; to be angry about something;; except; not including;; used to emphasize that the statement you are making is always true and everyone or everything is included

asset (noun)

a person or thing that is valuable or useful to somebody/something;; a thing of value, especially property, that a person or company owns, which can be used or sold to pay debts

colleague (noun)

a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business

consumer (noun)

a person who buys goods or uses services

collector (noun)

a person who collects things, either as a hobby or as a job;; the chief officer of a district in some S Asian countries

athlete (noun)

a person who competes in sports;; a person who competes in sports such as running and jumping;; a person who is good at sports and physical exercise

artist (noun)

a person who creates works of art, especially paintings or drawings;; a professional entertainer such as a singer, a dancer or an actor

dancer (noun)

a person who dances or whose job is dancing

driver (noun)

a person who drives a vehicle;; a club with a wooden head;; software that controls the sending of data between a computer and a piece of equipment that is attached to it, such as a printer;; one of the main things that influence something or cause it to make progress;; to be the person in control of a situation

critic (noun)

a person who expresses opinions about the good and bad qualities of books, music, etc.;; a person who expresses disapproval of somebody/something and talks about their bad qualities, especially publicly

beneficiary (noun)

a person who gains as a result of something;; a person who receives money or property when somebody dies

executive (noun)

a person who has an important job as a manager of a company or an organization;; a group of people who run a company or an organization;; the part of a government responsible for putting laws into effect

doctor (noun)

a person who has been trained in medical science, whose job is to treat people who are ill/sick or injured;; a place where a doctor sees patients;; a person who has received the highest university degree;; used as a title or form of address for a dentist;; exactly what somebody wants or needs

counsellor (noun)

a person who has been trained to advise people with problems, especially personal problems;; a lawyer;; a person who is in charge of young people at a summer camp

creator (noun)

a person who has made or invented a particular thing;; God

citizen (noun)

a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country;; a person who lives in a particular place

enemy (noun)

a person who hates somebody or who acts or speaks against somebody/something;; a country that you are fighting a war against; the soldiers, etc. of this country;; anything that harms something or prevents it from being successful;; to be the cause of your own problems

aide (noun)

a person who helps another person, especially a politician, in their job

assistant (noun)

a person who helps or supports somebody, usually in their job;; a student at university or college who spends time in a foreign country teaching his or her own language in a school

commentator (noun)

a person who is an expert on a particular subject and talks or writes about it on television or radio, or in a newspaper;; a person who describes an event while it is happening, especially on television or radio

delegate (noun)

a person who is chosen or elected to represent the views of a group of people and vote and make decisions for them;; a person who attends a conference

eligible (adjective)

a person who is eligible for something or to do something, is able to have or do it because they have the right qualifications, are the right age, etc.;; an eligible young man or woman is thought to be a good choice as a husband/wife, usually because they are rich or attractive

editor (noun)

a person who is in charge of a newspaper, magazine, etc., or part of one, and who decides what should be included;; a person who prepares a book to be published, for example by checking and correcting the text, making improvements, etc.;; a person who prepares a film/movie, radio or television programme for being shown or broadcast by deciding what to include, and what order it should be in;; a person who works as a journalist for radio or television reporting on a particular area of news;; a person who chooses texts written by one or by several writers and prepares them to be published in a book;; a program that allows you to change stored text or data

boss (noun)

a person who is in charge of other people at work and tells them what to do;; a person who is in charge of a large organization;; to make it clear to somebody that you have more power and authority than they have

commander (noun)

a person who is in charge of something, especially an officer in charge of a particular group of soldiers or a military operation;; an officer of fairly high rank in the British or American navy;; (in Britain) a London police officer of high rank

casualty (noun)

a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident;; a person that suffers or a thing that is destroyed when something else takes place;; the part of a hospital where people who need urgent treatment are taken

employee (noun)

a person who is paid to work for somebody

deputy (noun)

a person who is the next most important person below a business manager, a head of a school, a political leader, etc. and who does the person's job when he or she is away;; the name for a member of parliament in some countries;; (in the US) a police officer who helps the sheriff of an area

candidate (noun)

a person who is trying to be elected or is applying for a job;; a person taking an exam;; a person or group that is considered suitable for something or that is likely to get something or to be something

enthusiast (noun)

a person who is very interested in something and spends a lot of time doing it;; a person who approves of something and shows enthusiasm for it

consultant (noun)

a person who knows a lot about a particular subject and is employed to give advice about it to other people;; a hospital doctor of the highest rank who is a specialist in a particular area of medicine

applicant (noun)

a person who makes a formal request for something (= applies for it), especially for a job, a place at a college or university, etc.

entrepreneur (noun)

a person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks

coordinator (noun)

a person who organizes the different parts of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well

actor (noun)

a person who performs on the stage, on television or in films/movies, especially as a profession

correspondent (noun)

a person who reports news from a particular country or on a particular subject for a newspaper or a television or radio station;; a person who writes letters to another person

economist (noun)

a person who studies or writes about economics

capitalist (noun)

a person who supports capitalism;; a person who owns or controls a lot of wealth and uses it to produce more wealth

contender (noun)

a person who takes part in a competition or tries to win something

amateur (noun)

a person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment, not as a job;; a person who is not skilled

coach (noun)

a person who trains a person or team in sport;; a person who gives private lessons to somebody, often to prepare them for an exam;; a comfortable bus for carrying passengers over long distances;; a large closed vehicle with four wheels, pulled by horses, used in the past for carrying passengers;; the cheapest seats in a plane;; to spoil something, for example a plan

client (noun)

a person who uses the services or advice of a professional person or organization;; a computer that is linked to a server

activist (noun)

a person who works to achieve political or social change, especially as a member of an organization with particular aims

contributor (noun)

a person who writes articles for a magazine or a book, or who talks on a radio or television programme or at a meeting;; a person or thing that provides money to help pay for something, or support something;; something that helps to cause something

author (noun)

a person who writes books or the person who wrote a particular book;; the person who creates or starts something, especially a plan or an idea

composer (noun)

a person who writes music, especially classical music

dealer (noun)

a person whose business is buying and selling a particular product;; a person who sells illegal drugs;; the person who gives out the cards in a card game

engineer (noun)

a person whose job involves designing and building engines, machines, roads, bridges, etc.;; a person who is trained to repair machines and electrical equipment;; a person whose job is to control and repair engines, especially on a ship or an aircraft;; a person whose job is driving a railway/railroad engine;; a soldier trained to design and build military structures

analyst (noun)

a person whose job involves examining facts or materials in order to give an opinion on them

architect (noun)

a person whose job is designing buildings;; a person who is responsible for planning or creating an idea, an event or a situation;; a person who designs or puts together a program or computer system

broadcaster (noun)

a person whose job is presenting or talking on television or radio programmes;; a company that sends out television or radio programmes

agent (noun)

a person whose job is to act for, or manage the affairs of, other people in business, politics, etc.;; a person whose job is to arrange work for an actor, musician, sports player, etc. or to find somebody who will publish a writer's work;; a person or thing that has an important effect on a situation;; a chemical or a substance that produces an effect or a change or is used for a particular purpose;; the person or thing that does an action (expressed as the subject of an active verb, or in a 'by' phrase with a passive verb)

designer (noun)

a person whose job is to decide how things such as clothes, furniture, tools, etc. will look or work by making drawings, plans or patterns

accountant (noun)

a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts

clerk (noun)

a person whose job is to keep the records or accounts in an office, shop/store etc.;; an official in charge of the records of a council, court, etc.;; a person whose job is dealing with people arriving at or leaving a hotel

administrator (noun)

a person whose job is to manage and organize the public or business affairs of a company or an institution, or a person who works in an office dealing with records, accounts, etc.

diplomat (noun)

a person whose job is to represent his or her country in a foreign country, for example, in an embassy;; a person who is skilled at dealing with other people

dentist (noun)

a person whose job is to take care of people's teeth;; a place where a dentist sees patients

educator (noun)

a person whose job is to teach or educate people;; a person who is an expert in the theories and methods of education

expert (noun)

a person with special knowledge, skill or training in something

daughter (noun)

a person's female child;; a woman who belongs to a particular place or country, etc.

detective (noun)

a person, especially a police officer, whose job is to examine crimes and catch criminals;; a person employed by somebody to find out information about somebody/something

champion (noun)

a person, team, etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sport;; a person who fights for, or speaks in support of, a group of people or a belief

disability (noun)

a physical or mental condition that means you cannot use a part of your body completely or easily, or that you cannot learn easily;; the state of not being able to use a part of your body completely or easily; the state of not being able to learn easily

drawing (noun)

a picture made using a pencil or pen rather than paint;; the art or skill of making pictures, plans, etc. using a pen or pencil

curtain (noun)

a piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window;; a very thin piece of cloth that you hang at a window, which allows light to enter but stops people outside from being able to see inside;; a piece of cloth that is hung up as a screen in a room or around a bed, for example;; a piece of thick, heavy cloth that hangs in front of the stage in the theatre;; a thing that covers, hides or protects something;; to be a situation without hope or that you cannot escape from;; to finish or mark the end of something

camera (noun)

a piece of equipment for taking photographs, moving pictures or television pictures;; in a judge's private room, without the press or the public being present;; being filmed or shown on television

chair (noun)

a piece of furniture for one person to sit on, with a back, a seat and four legs;; the position of being in charge of a meeting or committee; the person who holds this position;; the position of being in charge of a department in a university

bed (noun)

a piece of furniture for sleeping on;; the bottom of a river, the sea, etc.;; an area of ground in a garden/yard or park for growing flowers, vegetables, etc.;; a layer of something that other things lie or rest on;; a layer of clay, rock, etc. in the ground;; (not) an easy or a pleasant situation;; to die because you are old or ill/sick;; to be bad-tempered for the whole day for no particular reason;; to have sex with somebody;; used to refer to sexual activity;; to go to bed and stay there because you are ill/sick;; to urinate in your bed by accident;; you must accept the results of your actions

desk (noun)

a piece of furniture like a table, usually with drawers in it, that you sit at to read, write, work, etc.;; a place where you can get information or be served at an airport, a hotel, etc.;; an office at a newspaper, television company, etc. that deals with a particular subject

cupboard (noun)

a piece of furniture with doors and shelves used for storing dishes, food, clothes, etc.;; a space in a wall with a door that reaches the ground, used for storing things;; used to say that there is no money for something;; affection that somebody, especially a child, shows towards somebody else in order to get something;; something shocking, embarrassing, etc. that has happened to you or your family in the past that you want to keep secret

coat (noun)

a piece of outdoor clothing that is worn over other clothes to keep warm or dry. Coats have sleeves and may be long or short.;; a jacket that is worn as part of a suit;; the fur, hair or wool that covers an animal's body;; a layer of paint or some other substance that covers a surface;; to do only what you have enough money to do and no more

app (noun)

a piece of software that you can download to a device such as a smartphone or tablet (4), for example to look up information or to play a game

dress (noun)

a piece of women's clothing that is made in one piece and covers the body down to the legs, sometimes reaching to below the knees, or to the ankles;; clothes for either men or women

bat (noun)

a piece of wood with a handle, made in various shapes and sizes, and used for hitting the ball in games such as baseball, cricket and table tennis;; an animal like a mouse with wings, that flies and feeds at night (= it is nocturnal). There are many types of bat.;; trying to hit the ball with a bat;; not able to see well;; very fast;; if you do something off your own bat, it is your own idea and you do it without help or encouragement from anyone else;; immediately; without delay

door (noun)

a piece of wood, glass, etc. that is opened and closed so that people can get in and out of a room, building, car, etc.; a similar thing in a cupboard/closet;; the space when a door is open;; the area close to the entrance of a building;; a house, room, etc. that is a particular number of houses, rooms, etc. away from another;; the amount of money made by selling tickets for an event;; so ill/sick that you may die;; if a lot of people beat a path to somebody's door, they are all interested in something that person has to sell, or can do or tell them;; without the public being allowed to attend or know what is happening; in private;; to work at the entrance to a theatre, club, etc., for example collecting tickets from people as they enter;; in an unfair or indirect way;; to try to prevent or avoid loss or damage when it is already too late to do so;; to stop trading;; to try to prevent or avoid loss or damage when it is already too late to do so;; to make it unlikely that something will happen;; (to provide) the means of getting or reaching something; (to create) the opportunity for something;; from building to building;; at an early stage, especially in a game or competition;; to manage to enter an organization, a field of business, etc. that could bring you success;; to have enough money to avoid going hungry; to stop somebody feeling hungry;; to say that somebody is responsible for something that has gone wrong;; to make sure that there is still the possibility of doing something;; used to tell somebody never to come to your home again;; to provide opportunities for somebody to do something and be successful;; not inside a building;; to ask somebody to leave, because they are no longer welcome;; to shut a door hard when somebody is trying to come in;; to refuse to talk to somebody or meet them, in a rude way;; directly to somebody's house

article (noun)

a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine;; a separate item in an agreement or a contract;; a particular item or separate thing, especially one of a set;; the words a and an (the indefinite article) or the (the definite article)

description (noun)

a piece of writing or speech that says what somebody/something is like; the act of writing or saying in words what somebody/something is like;; of some, etc. type;; to be like a particular person or thing;; to be too extreme, shocking, etc. to believe/describe

critique (noun)

a piece of written criticism of a set of ideas, a work of art, etc.

dairy (noun)

a place on a farm where milk is kept and where butter and cheese are made;; a company that sells milk, eggs, cheese and other milk products;; a small local shop;; milk, eggs, cheese and other milk products

accommodation (noun)

a place to live, work or stay in;; somewhere to live or stay, often also providing food or other services;; an agreement or arrangement between people or groups with different opinions which is acceptable to everyone; the process of reaching this agreement

destination (noun)

a place to which somebody/something is going or being sent

battlefield (noun)

a place where a battle is being fought or has been fought;; a subject that people feel strongly about and argue about

camp (noun)

a place where people live temporarily in tents or temporary buildings;; a place where young people go on holiday/vacation and take part in various activities or a particular activity;; a place where people are kept in temporary buildings or tents, especially by a government and often for long periods;; a place where soldiers live while they are training or fighting;; a group of people who have the same ideas about something and oppose people with other ideas;; one of the sides in a competition and the people connected with it;; to be involved in or connected with two different or opposing groups

airport (noun)

a place where planes land and take off and that has buildings for passengers to wait in

bar (noun)

a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinks;; a long wide wooden surface where drinks, etc. are served;; a place in which a particular kind of food or drink is the main thing that is served;; a piece of something with straight sides;; a long straight piece of metal or wood. Bars are often used to stop somebody from getting through a space.;; a long narrow area, usually at the top or side of a computer screen, that contains links or pull-down (2) menus or displays information about the website or program that you are using;; the crossbar of a goal;; a band of colour or light;; a thing that stops somebody from doing something;; one of the short sections of equal length that a piece of music is divided into, and the notes that are in it;; the profession of barrister (= a lawyer in a higher court);; To be called to the Bar is to be received into the profession of barrister after training for the Bar. In Britain the Bar is governed by the Bar Council. The head of the Bar of England and Wales and the Bar of Northern Ireland is called the Attorney General, and the head of the Scottish Bar is called the Dean of Faculty.;; the profession of any kind of lawyer;; a unit for measuring the pressure of the atmosphere, equal to a hundred thousand newtons per square metre;; a piece of metal with wire wrapped around it that becomes red and hot when electricity is passed through it;; in prison;; to set a new, lower standard of quality or performance;; to have nothing to do with something;; to set a new, higher standard of quality or performance;; to set a standard of quality or performance

cafe (noun)

a place where you can buy drinks and simple meals. Alcohol is not usually served in British or American cafes.;; a small shop/store that sells sweets, newspapers, food, etc. and usually stays open later than other shops/stores

arena (noun)

a place with a flat open area in the middle and seats around it where people can watch sports and entertainment;; an area of activity that concerns the public, especially one where there is a lot of opposition between different groups or countries

arrangement (noun)

a plan or preparation that you make so that something can happen;; the way things are done or organized;; an agreement that you make with somebody that you can both accept;; a group of things that are organized or placed in a particular order or position; the act of placing things in a particular order;; a piece of music that has been changed, for example for another instrument to play

cotton (noun)

a plant grown in warm countries for the soft white hairs around its seeds that are used to make cloth and thread;; In the 19th century the cotton industry made the north-west of England one of the richest areas in the world. The cotton arrived at the port of Liverpool, was made into clothes in factories in Lancashire, and the clothes could be sent to other countries from Liverpool. The new inventions of the Industrial Revolution meant that the Lancashire factories could produce cotton goods and sell them around the world at lower prices than local goods. In the 20th century many other countries developed their own cotton industries, and most of the Lancashire factories closed.In the US, the production of cotton was greatly improved after Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin (= a machine for separating the seeds of a cotton plant from the cotton). The economy of the South was strongly based on cotton in the 19th century, and this led to the Civil War because the cotton plantations (= large farms) kept slaves. When the boll weevil insects destroyed many cotton fields in the early 20th century, Southern farmers began to grow other crops.;; the cloth made from the cotton plant;; thread that is used for sewing;; a soft mass of white material that is used for cleaning the skin or a wound

bush (noun)

a plant that grows thickly with several hard stems coming up from the root;; a thing that looks like a bush, especially an area of thick hair or fur;; an area of wild land that has not been cleared, especially in Africa and Australia; in New Zealand an area where the forest has not been cleared;; to talk about something for a long time without coming to the main point;; it is better to keep something that you already have than to risk losing it by trying to get much more

crop (noun)

a plant that is grown in large quantities, especially as food;; the amount of grain, fruit, etc. that is grown in one season;; a group of people who do something at the same time; a number of things that happen at the same time;; a short whip used by horse riders;; a very short hairstyle;; hair that is short and thick;; a part of a bird's throat shaped like a bag where food is stored before it passes into the stomach

drama (noun)

a play for the theatre, television or radio;; plays considered as a form of literature;; an exciting event;; the fact of being exciting;; to make a small problem or event seem more important or serious than it really is

comedy (noun)

a play or film/movie that is intended to be funny, usually with a happy ending; plays and films/movies of this type;; an amusing aspect of something

defender (noun)

a player who must stop the other team from scoring in games such as football (soccer ), hockey, etc.;; a person who defends and believes in protecting something

deadline (noun)

a point in time by which something must be done

cop (noun)

a police officer;; used by somebody who is caught doing something wrong, to say that they admit that they are wrong;; not very good

chance (noun)

a possibility of something happening, especially something that you want;; a suitable time or situation when you have the opportunity to do something;; an unpleasant or dangerous possibility;; the way that some things happen without any cause that you can see or understand;; happening in a way that was lucky, although it was not planned;; to have the possibility of succeeding or achieving something;; used especially in questions, to ask whether something is true, possible, etc.;; it is likely that...;; people say chance would be a fine thing to show that they would like to do or have the thing that somebody has mentioned, but that they do not think that it is very likely;; used for saying that you do not believe something is likely to happen;; a small chance of being successful if a great effort is made;; to give somebody/something some opportunity to do something;; to be equally likely to do or not do something;; there is no possibility;; to have no chance at all;; to have no chance at all;; to have no chance at all;; because of the possibility of something happening, although it is unlikely;; a reasonable chance of success;; to have the possibility of succeeding or achieving something;; to decide to do something, knowing that it might be the wrong choice;; to take a risk or to use the opportunities that you have and hope that things will happen in the way that you want;; with the hope of using a particular situation in order to gain some advantage for yourself

award (noun)

a prize such as money, etc. for something that somebody has done;; an increase in the amount of money somebody earns;; the amount of money that a court decides should be given to somebody who has won a case; the decision to give this money;; the official decision to give something (such as a diploma ) to somebody;; money that students get to help pay for living costs while they study or do research

difficulty (noun)

a problem; a thing or situation that causes problems;; the state or quality of being hard to do or to understand; the effort that something involves;; how hard something is

education (noun)

a process of teaching, training and learning, especially in schools or colleges, to improve knowledge and develop skills;; a particular kind of teaching or training;; the institutions or people involved in teaching and training;; the subject of study that deals with how to teach;; an interesting experience that teaches you something

commodity (noun)

a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold;; a thing that is useful or has a useful quality

chef (noun)

a professional cook, especially the most senior cook in a restaurant, hotel, etc.

browser (noun)

a program that lets you look at or read documents on the World Wide Web;; a person who looks through books, magazines, etc. or at things for sale, but may not seriously intend to buy anything

commitment (noun)

a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support somebody/something; the fact of committing yourself;; the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an activity;; a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do;; agreeing to use money, time or people in order to achieve something

casino (noun)

a public building or room where people play gambling games for money

auction (noun)

a public event at which things are sold to the person who offers the most money for them

demonstration (noun)

a public meeting or march at which people show that they are protesting against or supporting somebody/something;; an act of showing or explaining how something works or is done;; an act of giving proof or evidence for something;; an act of showing a feeling or an opinion

ceremony (noun)

a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions;; formal behaviour; traditional actions and words used on particular formal occasions;; to behave formally;; in a very rough or informal way

concert (noun)

a public performance of music;; working together with somebody/something

endorsement (noun)

a public statement or action showing that you support somebody/something;; a statement made in an advertisement, usually by somebody famous or important, saying that they use and like a particular product;; details of a driving offence recorded on somebody's driving licence

allegation (noun)

a public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal

diversity (noun)

a range of many people or things that are very different from each other;; the quality or fact of including a range of many people or things

boundary (noun)

a real or imagined line that marks the limits or edges of something and separates it from other things or places; a dividing line;; a hit of the ball that crosses the boundary of the playing area and scores extra points

complaint (noun)

a reason for not being satisfied; a statement that somebody makes saying that they are not satisfied;; the act of complaining;; an illness, especially one that is not serious, and often one that affects a particular part of the body

excuse (noun)

a reason, either true or invented, that you give to explain or defend your behaviour;; a good reason that you give for doing something that you want to do for other reasons;; a very bad example of something;; a note written by a parent or doctor to explain why a student cannot go to school or somebody cannot go to work

consequence (noun)

a result of something that has happened;; importance;; a game in which each player writes the first line of a story on a piece of paper and then passes it to the next player who writes the second line, and so on. Each player folds the paper so that the next player cannot see what is already written. The result is a number of crazy and often funny stories. The stories follow a pattern that always begins with the names of two people and ends with the sentence 'And the consequence was...';; as a result of something

car (noun)

a road vehicle with an engine and four wheels that can carry a small number of passengers;; a separate section of a train;; a coach/car on a train of a particular type

bicycle (noun)

a road vehicle with two wheels that you ride by pushing the pedals with your feet

cell (noun)

a room for one or more prisoners in a prison or police station;; a small room without much furniture in which a monk or nun lives;; the smallest unit of living matter that can exist on its own. All plants and animals are made up of cells.;; each of the small sections that together form a larger structure, for example a honeycomb;; a device for producing an electric current, for example by the action of chemicals or light;; a small group of people who work as part of a larger political organization, especially secretly;; one of the small squares in a spreadsheet computer program in which you enter a single piece of data

bedroom (noun)

a room for sleeping in;; having the number of bedrooms mentioned

bathroom (noun)

a room in which there is a bath/ bathtub, a washbasin and often a toilet;; a room in which there is a toilet, a sink and sometimes a bath/ bathtub or shower

basement (noun)

a room or rooms in a building, partly or completely below the level of the ground

classroom (noun)

a room where a class of children or students is taught

draft (noun)

a rough written version of something that is not yet in its final form;; a written order to a bank to pay money to somebody;; In the US the draft is administered by US government's Selective Service System. Formerly young people were required by law to serve in the armed forces. This requirement was replaced in 1973 by a system in which people may join the forces only if they wish to. However, young men must still add their names to the draft list when they are 18, in case of a future military emergency. People who tried to avoid the draft, especially during the Vietnam War, were known as draft dodgers. note at national service;; a system in which professional teams in some sports choose players each year from among college students

apple (noun)

a round fruit with shiny red or green skin and firm white flesh;; a child usually behaves in a similar way to his or her parent(s);; a person or thing that is loved more than any other;; used to describe a situation in which two people or things are completely different from each other;; used to say that something is typical of America;; one bad person who has a bad effect on others in a group

ball (noun)

a round object used for throwing, hitting or kicking in games and sports;; a round object or a thing that has been formed into a round shape;; a kick, hit or throw of the ball in some sports;; a throw by the pitcher that is outside the strike zone (= the area between the batter's upper arms and knees);; the part underneath the big toe or the thumb;; a testicle;; a large formal party with dancing;; a problem that prevents you from doing what you would like to do;; it is your/somebody's responsibility to take action next;; a person who is full of energy and enthusiasm;; to take responsibility for getting something done;; to make a mistake and spoil something that you are responsible for;; to make something start happening; to make sure that something continues to happen;; to enjoy yourself a lot;; to be capable of doing a job very well; to be intelligent;; to continue to give your attention to what is most important;; to be aware of and understand what is happening and able to react quickly;; to develop an idea or plan that already exists;; to play with a ball;; to be willing to work with other people in a helpful way, especially so that somebody can get what they want;; the whole thing; everything

candle (noun)

a round stick of wax with a piece of string (called a wick ) through the middle which is lit to give light as it burns;; to become very tired by trying to do too many things and going to bed late and getting up early;; is not as good as somebody or something else;; the advantages to be gained from doing something are not great enough, considering the effort or cost involved

dictator (noun)

a ruler who has complete power over a country, especially one who has gained it using military force;; a person who behaves as if they have complete power over other people, and tells them what to do

academy (noun)

a school or college for special training;; a type of official organization which aims to encourage and develop art, literature, science, etc.;; a secondary school in Scotland;; a private school in the US;; a secondary school in England which has a great deal of independence from local authority control

experiment (noun)

a scientific test that is done in order to study what happens and to gain new knowledge;; a new activity, idea or method that you try out to see what happens or what effect it has

conspiracy (noun)

a secret plan by a group of people to do something harmful or illegal

department (noun)

a section of a large organization such as a government, business, university, etc.;; to be something that somebody is responsible for or knows a lot about

bean (noun)

a seed, or pod containing seeds, of a climbing plant, eaten as a vegetable. There are several types of bean and the plants that they grow on are also called beans.;; a seed from a coffee plant, or some other plants;; having a lot of energy;; something that is not worth much;; to have no money;; to know nothing about a subject;; to tell somebody something that should be kept secret or private

bishop (noun)

a senior priest in charge of the work of the Church in a city or district;; There are bishops in the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Episcopal and Eastern Orthodox churches. They are in charge of the work of other priests in a diocese (= a city or district). On ceremonial occasions a bishop wears a tall pointed hat, called a mitre, and carries a long decorated stick, or staff. When talked about, a bishop has the title 'the Right Reverend' or, in the Roman Catholic Church, 'the Most Reverend'. A bishop is usually addressed as 'Your Grace'. In Britain some senior bishops are members of the House of Lords. In 1989, the first female bishop was appointed, in the Episcopal Church of the United States. In 2014, the Anglican church voted to allow women to become bishops.;; a piece used in the game of chess that is shaped like a bishop's hat and can move any number of squares in a diagonal line

chapter (noun)

a separate section of a book, usually with a number or title;; a period of time in a person's life or in history;; all the priests of a cathedral or members of a religious community;; a local branch of a society, club, etc.;; the exact details of something, especially the exact place where particular information may be found;; a series of unfortunate events

carriage (noun)

a separate section of a train for carrying passengers;; a road vehicle, usually with four wheels, that is pulled by one or more horses and was used in the past to carry people;; the act or cost of transporting goods from one place to another;; a moving part of a machine that supports or moves another part, for example on a typewriter;; the way in which somebody holds and moves their head and body

chain (noun)

a series of connected metal rings, used for pulling or fastening things; a length of chain used for a particular purpose;; a series of connected things or people;; a group of shops/stores or hotels owned by the same company;; a thing that restricts somebody's freedom or ability to do something;; a situation in which a number of people selling and buying houses must each complete the sale of their house before buying from the next person;; a problem that prevents you from doing what you would like to do;; one of the stages in a process or a line of argument;; the point at which a system or an organization is most likely to fail

dream (noun)

a series of images, events and feelings that happen in your mind while you are asleep;; a wish to have or be something, especially one that seems difficult to achieve;; a state of mind or a situation in which things do not seem real or part of normal life;; a beautiful or wonderful person or thing;; far more, better, etc. than you could ever have imagined or hoped for;; to work very well;; to happen without problems, in the way that you had planned;; used to tell somebody that something they are hoping for is not likely to happen;; so unpleasant that you cannot believe it is true;; to have a way of life that seems perfect

course (noun)

a series of lessons or lectures on a particular subject;; a period of study at a college or university that leads to an exam or a qualification;; a direction or route followed by a ship or an aircraft;; the general direction in which somebody's ideas or actions are moving;; a way of acting in or dealing with a particular situation;; the way something develops or should develop;; any of the separate parts of a meal;; an area of land or water where races are held;; the direction a river moves in;; a series of medical treatments, pills, etc.;; a continuous layer of bricks, stone, etc. in a wall;; to be in a situation which is almost certain to cause a disagreement or argument;; to be moving in a direction in which it is likely that you will crash into somebody/something;; to be just what you would expect to happen or expect somebody to do in a particular situation;; the act of matching people with suitable jobs or tasks;; going through a particular process;; when enough time has passed;; at the right time and not before;; as things usually happen;; during;; (as) the usual and correct thing to do;; (to take/find) an acceptable course of action that avoids two extreme positions;; used to emphasize that what you are saying is true or correct;; used as a polite way of giving somebody permission to do something;; used as a polite way of agreeing with what somebody has just said;; used to show that what you are saying is not surprising or is generally known or accepted;; used to emphasize the fact that you are saying 'no';; likely to achieve or do something because you have already started to do it;; to tell a lie or to do something in order to prevent the police, etc. from finding out the truth about a crime;; to develop in the usual way and come to the usual end;; to continue doing something until it has finished or been completed, even though it is difficult

dance (noun)

a series of movements and steps that are usually performed to music; a particular example of these movements and steps;; the art of dancing, especially for entertainment;; an act of dancing;; a social event at which people dance;; a piece of music for dancing to;; to cause somebody a lot of trouble or worry;; if you make a song and dance about something, you complain or talk about it too much when this is not necessary;; a long explanation about something, or excuse for something

campaign (noun)

a series of planned activities that are intended to achieve a particular social, commercial or political aim;; a series of attacks and battles that are intended to achieve a particular military aim during a war

cancer (noun)

a serious disease in which growths of cells, also called cancers, form in the body and kill normal body cells. The disease often causes death.;; an evil or dangerous thing that spreads quickly

book (noun)

a set of printed pages that are fastened inside a cover so that you can turn them and read them;; a written work published in printed or electronic form;; a set of sheets of paper that are fastened together inside a cover and used for writing in;; a set of things that are fastened together like a book;; the written records of the financial affairs of a business;; a section of a large written work;; a record of bets made on whether something will happen, somebody will win a race, etc.;; used to say that somebody is pleased/annoyed with you;; to punish somebody for doing something wrong and make them explain their behaviour;; following rules and instructions in a very strict way;; to stop doing something because you no longer believe you will be successful or will find a solution;; a subject or person that you know nothing about;; to change facts or figures dishonestly or illegally;; used to say that you should not form an opinion about somebody/something from their appearance only;; every available method, whether it is honest or not;; the record of great achievements in history;; used when you are giving your opinion;; (to be) on an organization's list, for example of people who are available for a particular type of work;; if you describe somebody or their life as an open book, you mean that you can easily understand them and know everything about them;; to understand easily what somebody is thinking or feeling;; to be convenient or useful for you/somebody;; to copy somebody's behaviour and do things in the same way that they do, because they are successful;; to punish somebody who has committed an offence as severely as possible

apartment (noun)

a set of rooms for living in, usually on one floor of a building;; a set of rooms used for a holiday/vacation;; a room in a house, especially a large or famous house

clash (noun)

a short fight between two groups of people;; an argument between two people or groups of people who have different beliefs and ideas;; the difference that exists between two things that are opposed to each other;; a situation in which two events happen at the same time so that you cannot go to or see them both;; the situation when two colours, designs, etc. look ugly when they are put together;; a loud noise made by two metal objects being hit together;; an occasion when two teams or players compete against each other

extract (noun)

a short passage from a book, piece of music, etc. that gives you an idea of what the whole thing is like;; a substance that has been obtained from something else using a particular process

essay (noun)

a short piece of writing by a student as part of a course of study;; a short piece of writing on a particular subject, written in order to be published;; an attempt to do something

cheer (noun)

a shout of joy, support or praise;; a special song or poem used by cheerleaders;; an atmosphere of happiness

diagram (noun)

a simple drawing using lines to explain where something is, how something works, etc.

balance (noun)

a situation in which different things exist in equal, correct or good amounts;; the ability to keep steady with an equal amount of weight on each side of the body;; the amount that is left after taking numbers or money away from a total;; an amount of money still owed after some payment has been made;; an instrument for weighing things, with a bar that is supported in the middle and has dishes hanging from each end;; (considering) the evidence on both sides of an argument, to find the most likely reason for or result of something;; if the future of something/somebody, or the result of something is/hangs in the balance, it is uncertain;; to make somebody/something unsteady and in danger of falling;; to make somebody surprised and no longer calm;; after considering all the information;; to make a situation equal or fair again;; to manage to find a way of being fair to two opposing things; to find an acceptable position which is between two things;; to affect the result of something in one way rather than another

disruption (noun)

a situation in which it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way; the act of stopping something from continuing in the normal way

competition (noun)

a situation in which people or organizations compete with each other for something that not everyone can have;; an event in which people compete with each other to find out who is the best at something;; the people who are competing against somebody

conflict (noun)

a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or argument;; a violent situation or period of fighting between two countries;; a situation in which there are opposing ideas, opinions, feelings or wishes; a situation in which it is difficult to choose;; a situation in which somebody has two jobs, aims, roles, etc. and cannot treat both of them equally and fairly at the same time

exploitation (noun)

a situation in which somebody treats somebody else in an unfair way, especially in order to make money from their work;; the use of land, oil, minerals, etc.;; the fact of using a situation in order to get an advantage for yourself

activity (noun)

a situation in which something is happening or a lot of things are being done;; a thing that you do for interest or pleasure, or in order to achieve a particular aim

confrontation (noun)

a situation in which there is an angry disagreement between people or groups who have different opinions

disagreement (noun)

a situation where people have different opinions about something and often argue;; a difference between two things that should be the same

dilemma (noun)

a situation which makes problems, often one in which you have to make a very difficult choice between things of equal importance;; in a situation in which you have to make a choice between things that are equally unpleasant

drift (noun)

a slow steady movement from one place to another; a gradual change or development from one situation to another, especially to something bad;; the movement of a ship or plane away from its direction because of currents or wind;; the movement of the sea or air;; a large pile of something, especially snow, made by the wind;; a large mass of something, especially flowers;; the general meaning of what somebody says or writes

cat (noun)

a small animal with soft fur that people often keep as a pet. Cats catch and kill birds and mice.;; a wild animal of the cat family;; to be the best thing, person, idea, etc.;; to be raining heavily;; said to somebody, especially a child, who stays silent when expected to speak, for example after being asked a question;; used to tell somebody not to ask questions or try to find out about things that do not concern them;; to tell a secret carelessly or by mistake;; very nervous;; very pleased with yourself;; used to describe a very difficult task, especially one that involves organizing people;; to look dirty and untidy;; when somebody says there's no room to swing a cat, they mean that a room is very small and that there is not enough space;; to have no chance at all;; to play a cruel game with somebody in your power by changing your behaviour very often, so that they become nervous and do not know what to expect;; to say or do something that is likely to cause trouble;; there are many different ways to achieve something;; people enjoy themselves more and behave with greater freedom when the person in charge of them is not there

balloon (noun)

a small bag made of very thin rubber that becomes larger and rounder when you fill it with air or gas. Balloons are brightly coloured and used as decorations or toys.;; a large balloon made of strong material that is filled with hot air or gas to make it rise in the air, usually carrying a basket for passengers;; to be very unsuccessful; to not be accepted by people;; when the trouble that you are expecting begins

adjustment (noun)

a small change made to something in order to correct or improve it;; a change in the way a person behaves or thinks

amendment (noun)

a small change or improvement that is made to a law or a document; the process of changing a law or a document;; a statement of a change to the Constitution of the US;; In the US the first ten amendments to the Constitution are called the Bill of Rights. Each amendment to the US Constitution needs a two-thirds majority in each House and must be approved by 75% of the states.

cup (noun)

a small container shaped like a bowl, usually with a handle, used for drinking tea, coffee, etc.;; the contents of a cup;; a unit for measuring quantity used in cooking in the US; a metal or plastic container used to measure this quantity;; a thing shaped like a cup;; a gold or silver cup on a stem, often with two handles, that is given as a prize in a competition;; a sports competition in which a cup is given as a prize;; one of the two parts of a bra that cover the breast;; a drink made from wine mixed with, for example, fruit juice;; a hollow in the ground that you must get the ball into;; a piece of plastic that a man wears over his sex organs to protect them while he is playing a sport;; having drunk too much alcohol;; not what somebody likes or is interested in;; nothing is completely certain until it really happens because things can easily go wrong

biscuit (noun)

a small flat dry cake for one person, usually sweet, and baked until crisp;; a soft bread roll, often eaten with gravy;; a pale yellowish-brown colour;; to be the most surprising, annoying, etc. thing that has happened or that somebody has done

coin (noun)

a small flat piece of metal used as money;; money made of metal;; the aspect of a situation that is the opposite of or contrasts with the one you have been talking about;; used to talk about two ways of looking at the same situation

band (noun)

a small group of musicians who play popular music together, often with a singer or singers;; a group of musicians who play brass and percussion instruments;; a group of people who do something together or who have the same ideas;; a thin flat strip or circle of any material that is put around things, for example to hold them together or to make them stronger;; a strip of colour or material on something that is different from what is around it;; a range of radio waves;; a range of numbers, ages, prices, etc. within which people or things are counted or measured

faction (noun)

a small group of people within a larger one whose members have some different aims and beliefs to those of the larger group;; opposition, disagreement, etc. that exists between small groups of people within an organization or political party;; films/movies, books, etc. that combine fact with fiction (= imaginary events)

cottage (noun)

a small house, especially in the country

detail (noun)

a small individual fact or item; a less important fact or item;; the small facts or features of something, when you consider them all together;; information about something;; a small part of a picture or painting; the smaller or less important parts of a picture, pattern, etc. when you consider them all together;; a group of soldiers given special duties;; to explain something fully

bullet (noun)

a small metal object that is fired from a gun;; to start to deal with an unpleasant or difficult situation which cannot be avoided;; to only just avoid getting hurt in a dangerous situation

clip (noun)

a small metal or plastic object used for holding things together or in place;; a piece of jewellery that fastens to your clothes;; the act of cutting something to make it shorter;; a short part of a film/movie that is shown separately;; a quick hit with your hand;; a set of bullets in a metal container that is placed in or attached to a gun for firing;; quickly

egg (noun)

a small oval object with a thin hard shell produced by a female bird and containing a young bird; a similar object produced by a female fish, insect, etc.;; a bird's egg, especially one from a chicken, that is eaten as food;; a cell that combines with a sperm to create a baby or young animal;; a situation in which it is difficult to tell which one of two things was the cause of the other;; a person who you can rely on to behave well;; to be made to look stupid;; to destroy something that would make you rich, successful, etc.;; to rely on one particular course of action for success rather than giving yourself several different possibilities;; used to say that something is definitely true;; to tell or show somebody how to do something that they can already do well, and probably better than you can;; something that has some good parts and some bad ones;; you cannot achieve something important without causing a few small problems

crystal (noun)

a small piece of a substance with many even sides, that is formed naturally when the substance becomes solid;; a clear mineral, such as quartz, used in making jewellery and decorative objects;; glass of very high quality;; a small piece of a mineral that some people believe has the power to bring health or happiness;; a piece of glass or plastic that covers the face of a watch

badge (noun)

a small piece of metal or plastic, with a design or words on it, that a person wears to show that they belong to an organization, support something, have achieved something, have a particular rank, etc.;; a piece of material that you sew onto clothes as part of a uniform;; a small piece of metal that you carry or wear to prove who you are, used, for example, by police officers;; something that shows that a particular quality is present

cabin (noun)

a small room on a ship in which you live or sleep;; one of the areas for passengers to sit in a plane;; a small house or shelter, usually made of wood

dot (noun)

a small round mark, especially one that is printed;; a symbol like a full stop/period used to separate parts of a domain name, a URL or an email address;; exactly on time or at the exact time mentioned;; a very long time ago

button (noun)

a small round piece of metal, plastic, etc. that is sewn onto a piece of clothing and used for fastening two parts together;; a small part of a machine that you press to make it work;; a small area on a computer screen that you click on to make it do something;; a badge, especially one with a message printed on it;; intelligent and quick to understand;; at exactly the right time or at the exact time mentioned;; exactly right;; to do exactly the right things to please somebody;; to make somebody react in either a positive or a negative way

butter (noun)

a soft yellow food made from cream, used in cooking and for spreading on bread;; used to say that somebody seems to be innocent, kind, etc. when they are not really;; easily; without meeting any difficulty

celebration (noun)

a special event that people organize in order to celebrate something;; the act of celebrating something

angel (noun)

a spirit who is believed to be a servant of God, and is sent by God to deliver a message or perform a task. Angels are often shown dressed in white, with wings.;; a person who is very good and kind; a child who behaves well;; used when you are talking to somebody and you are grateful to them;; a person who supports a business by investing money in it, especially somebody who supports a new small business with their own money;; people with little experience try to do the difficult or dangerous things which more experienced people would not consider doing

commentary (noun)

a spoken description of an event that is given while it is happening, especially on the radio or television;; a written explanation or discussion of something such as a book or a play;; a criticism or discussion of something

announcement (noun)

a spoken or written statement that informs people about something;; the act of publicly informing people about something

criterion (noun)

a standard or principle by which something is judged, or with the help of which a decision is made

chaos (noun)

a state of complete confusion and lack of order

civilization (noun)

a state of human society that is very developed and organized;; a society, its culture and its way of life during a particular period of time or in a particular part of the world;; all the people in the world and the societies they live in, considered as a whole;; a place that offers you the comfortable way of life of a modern society

confusion (noun)

a state of not being certain about what is happening, what you should do, what something means, etc.;; the fact of making a mistake about who somebody is or what something is;; a feeling of embarrassment when you do not understand something and are not sure what to do in a situation;; a confused situation in which people do not know what action to take

assertion (noun)

a statement saying that you strongly believe something to be true;; the act of stating, using or claiming something strongly

accusation (noun)

a statement saying that you think a person is guilty of doing something wrong, especially of committing a crime; the fact of accusing somebody

equation (noun)

a statement showing that two amounts or values are equal, for example 2x + y = 54;; the act of making something equal or considering something as equal (= of equating them);; a problem or situation in which several things must be considered and dealt with

confession (noun)

a statement that a person makes, admitting that they are guilty of a crime; the act of making such a statement;; a statement admitting something that you are ashamed or embarrassed about; the act of making such a statement;; a private statement to a priest about the bad things that you have done;; a statement of your religious beliefs, principles, etc.

denial (noun)

a statement that says something is not true or does not exist;; a refusal to allow somebody to have something they have a right to expect;; a refusal to accept that something unpleasant or painful is true

assurance (noun)

a statement that something will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it;; belief in your own abilities or strengths;; a type of insurance in which money is paid out when somebody dies or after an agreed period of time

explanation (noun)

a statement, fact, or situation that tells you why something happened; a reason given for something;; a statement or piece of writing that tells you how something works or makes something easier to understand

confirmation (noun)

a statement, letter, etc. that shows that something is true, correct or definite;; a ceremony at which a person becomes a full member of the Christian Church;; a Jewish ceremony similar to a bar mitzvah or bat mitzvah but usually for young people over the age of 16

aspiration (noun)

a strong desire to have or do something;; the action of pronouncing a word with a /h/ sound, as in house

curiosity (noun)

a strong desire to know about something;; an unusual and interesting thing;; used to tell somebody not to ask questions or try to find out about things that do not concern them

bias (noun)

a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side in an argument, often not based on fair judgement;; an interest in one thing more than others; a special ability;; the fact that the results of research or an experiment are not accurate because a particular factor has not been considered when collecting the information;; the bias of a piece of cloth is an edge cut diagonally across the threads

attachment (noun)

a strong feeling of affection for somebody/something;; belief in and support for an idea or a set of values;; a tool that you can fix onto a machine, to make it do another job;; the act of joining one thing to another; a thing that joins two things together;; a short time spent working with an organization such as a hospital, school or part of the armed forces;; a document that you send to somebody using email

enthusiasm (noun)

a strong feeling of excitement and interest in something and a desire to become involved in it;; something that you are very interested in and spend a lot of time doing

compassion (noun)

a strong feeling of sympathy for people who are suffering and a desire to help them

emotion (noun)

a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person's character that consists of feelings

belief (noun)

a strong feeling that something/somebody exists or is true; confidence that something/somebody is good or right;; an opinion about something; something that you think is true;; something that you believe, especially as part of your religion;; to be too extreme, shocking, etc. to believe/describe;; (in a way that is) too great, difficult, etc. to be believed;; as far as you know

canvas (noun)

a strong heavy rough material used for making tents, sails, etc. and by artists for painting on;; a piece of canvas used for painting on; a painting done on a piece of canvas, using oil paints;; in a tent

boot (noun)

a strong shoe that covers the foot and ankle and often the lower part of the leg;; the space at the back of a car that you put bags, cases, etc. in;; a quick hard kick;; to be/become too proud of yourself; to behave as if you are more important than you really are;; to be told that you must leave your job or that a relationship you are having with somebody is over;; used to say that a situation has changed so that somebody now has power or authority over the person who used to have power or authority over them;; used to invite somebody to take as much as they like of something such as food, drink, etc; help yourself;; to do somebody's job in an acceptable way when they are not there;; to show too much respect for somebody in authority because you want to please them;; to kick somebody very hard, especially when they are on the ground;; to attack somebody by criticizing them when they are in a difficult situation;; used to add a comment to something that you have said;; very strong and able to deal successfully with difficult conditions or situations;; not feeling or showing any emotion

desire (noun)

a strong wish to have or do something;; a strong wish to have sex with somebody;; a person or thing that is wished for

building (noun)

a structure such as a house or school that has a roof and walls;; the process and work of building

bridge (noun)

a structure that is built over a road, railway/railroad, river, etc. so that people or vehicles can cross from one side to the other;; a thing that provides a connection or contact between two different things;; the part of a ship where the captain and other officers stand when they are controlling and steering the ship;; a card game for two pairs of players who have to predict how many cards they will win. They score points if they succeed in winning that number of cards and lose points if they fail.;; the hard part at the top of the nose, between the eyes;; the part of a pair of glasses that rests on your nose;; a small piece of wood on a guitar, violin, etc. over which the strings are stretched;; a false tooth or false teeth, held permanently in place by being fastened to natural teeth on either side;; to do something that makes it impossible to return to the previous situation later;; to worry about a problem when it actually happens and not before;; used to say that something happened in the past and is now forgotten or no longer important

ballet (noun)

a style of dancing that tells a dramatic story with music but no talking or singing;; a story or work of art performed by a group of ballet dancers;; a group of dancers who work and perform ballet together

coup (noun)

a sudden change of government that is illegal and often violent;; the fact of achieving something that was difficult to do

boom (noun)

a sudden increase in trade and economic activity; a period of wealth and success;; a period when something such as a sport or a type of music suddenly becomes very popular and successful;; a long pole that the bottom of a sail is attached to and that you move to change the position of the sail;; a loud deep sound;; a floating barrier that is placed across a river or the entrance to a harbour to prevent ships or other objects from coming in or going out;; a long pole that carries a microphone or other equipment;; a situation in which a period of rapid economic growth is followed by one of sudden decline

emergency (noun)

a sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it

earthquake (noun)

a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface

deposit (noun)

a sum of money that is given as the first part of a larger payment;; a sum of money that is paid by somebody when they rent something and that is returned to them if they do not lose or damage the thing they are renting;; a sum of money that is paid into a bank account;; (in the British political system) the amount of money that a candidate in an election to Parliament has to pay, and that is returned if he/she gets enough votes;; a layer of a substance that has formed naturally underground;; a layer of a substance that has been left somewhere, especially by a river, flood, etc., or is found at the bottom of a liquid

contribution (noun)

a sum of money that is given to a person or an organization in order to help pay for something;; a sum of money that you pay regularly to your employer or the government in order to pay for benefits such as health insurance, a pension, etc.;; an action or a service that helps to cause or increase something;; an item that forms part of a book, magazine, broadcast, discussion, etc.;; the act of giving something, especially money, to help a person or an organization

debt (noun)

a sum of money that somebody owes;; the situation of owing money, especially when you cannot pay;; the fact that you should feel grateful to somebody because they have helped you or been kind to you;; to feel grateful to somebody for their help, kindness, etc.

amount (noun)

a sum of money;; a quantity of something;; a large quantity of something;; used for saying that something will have no effect

cake (noun)

a sweet food made from a mixture of flour, eggs, butter, sugar, etc. that is baked in an oven. Cakes are made in various shapes and sizes and are often decorated, for example with cream or icing.;; a food mixture that is cooked in a round flat shape;; to sell quickly or in great numbers;; to have the advantages of something without its disadvantages; to have both things that are available;; something extra and not essential that is added to an already good situation or experience and that makes it even better;; a thing that is very easy to do;; a share of the available money or benefits that you believe you have a right to;; to be the most surprising, annoying, etc. thing that has happened or that somebody has done

democracy (noun)

a system of government in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives;; a country which has this system of government;; fair and equal treatment of everyone in an organization, etc., and their right to take part in making decisions

code (noun)

a system of words, letters, numbers or symbols that represent a message or record information secretly or in a shorter form;; a system of computer programming instructions;; a set of moral principles or rules of behaviour that are generally accepted by society or a social group;; a system of laws or written rules that state how people in an institution or a country should behave

column (noun)

a tall, solid, vertical post, usually round and made of stone, which supports or decorates a building or stands alone as a monument;; a thing shaped like a column;; one of the vertical sections into which the printed page of a book, newspaper, etc. is divided;; a part of a newspaper or magazine which appears regularly and deals with a particular subject or is written by a particular writer;; a series of numbers or words arranged one under the other down a page;; a long, moving line of people or vehicles

assignment (noun)

a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part of their job or studies;; the act of giving something to somebody; the act of giving somebody a particular task

channel (noun)

a television station;; a band of radio waves used for broadcasting television or radio programmes;; a method or system that people use to get information, to communicate, or to send something somewhere;; an electric circuit that acts as a path for a signal;; a way of expressing ideas and feelings;; a passage that water can flow along, especially in the ground, on the bottom of a river, etc.;; a deep passage of water in a river or near the coast that can be used as route for ships;; a passage of water that connects two areas of water, especially two seas;; the area of sea between England and France, also known as the English Channel

chunk (noun)

a thick solid piece that has been cut or broken off something;; a fairly large amount of something;; a phrase or group of words which can be learnt as a unit by somebody who is learning a language. Examples of chunks are 'Can I have the bill, please?' and 'Pleased to meet you'.;; to vomit

carpet (noun)

a thick woven material made of wool, etc. for covering floors or stairs;; a piece of carpet used as a floor covering, especially when shaped to fit a room;; a thick layer of something on the ground;; called to see somebody in authority because you have done something wrong;; to try to stop people from finding out about something wrong, illegal, embarrassing, etc. that has happened or that you have done

disc (noun)

a thin flat round object;; a disk for a computer;; a structure made of cartilage between the bones of the back

arrow (noun)

a thin stick with a sharp point at one end, which is shot from a bow2;; a mark or sign like an arrow (➞), used to show direction or position

cigarette (noun)

a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco, for smoking

bargain (noun)

a thing bought for less than the usual price;; an agreement between two or more people or groups, to do something for each other;; to argue in an aggressive way and force somebody to agree on the best possible price or arrangement;; also; as well;; to make an agreement with somebody in which both sides have an advantage

compound (noun)

a thing consisting of two or more separate things combined together;; a substance formed by a chemical reaction of two or more elements in fixed amounts relative to each other;; a noun, an adjective or a verb made of two or more words or parts of words, written as one or more words, or joined by a hyphen. Travel agent, dark-haired and bathroom are all compounds.;; an area surrounded by a fence or wall in which a factory or other group of buildings stands

buffer (noun)

a thing or person that reduces a shock or protects somebody/something against difficulties;; one of two round metal devices on the front or end of a train, or at the end of a railway/railroad track, that reduce the shock if the train hits something;; an area in a computer's memory where data can be stored for a short time;; a silly old man;; if a plan, somebody's career, etc. hits the buffers, it suddenly stops being successful

event (noun)

a thing that happens, especially something important;; a planned public or social occasion;; one of the races or competitions in a sports programme;; after something has happened;; to understand something, or realize what you should have done, only after something has happened;; the birth of a baby;; used to emphasize or show that something is true or will happen in spite of other circumstances;; when the situation actually happened;; if something happens;; if that happens

advantage (noun)

a thing that helps you to be better or more successful than other people;; a quality of something that makes it better or more useful;; the first point scored after a score of 40-40.;; to give you an advantage; to change a situation in a way that gives you an advantage;; to make use of something well; to make use of an opportunity;; to make use of somebody/something in a way that is unfair or dishonest;; in a way that shows the best of somebody/something;; to use or change a bad situation so that it helps you

certainty (noun)

a thing that is certain;; the state of being certain

copy (noun)

a thing that is made to be the same as something else, especially a document or a work of art;; a single example of a book, newspaper, etc. of which many have been made;; written material that is to be printed in a newspaper, magazine, etc.; news or information that can be used in a newspaper article or advertisement;; a book used by students for writing exercises, etc. in

constraint (noun)

a thing that limits or restricts something, or your freedom to do something;; strict control over the way that you behave or are allowed to behave

complication (noun)

a thing that makes a situation more complicated or difficult;; a new problem or illness that makes treatment of a previous one more complicated or difficult

decoration (noun)

a thing that makes something look more attractive on special occasions;; a pattern, etc. that is added to something and that stops it from being plain;; the style in which something is decorated;; the act or process of decorating something such as the inside of a house by painting it, etc.;; a medal that is given to somebody as an honour

deed (noun)

a thing that somebody does that is usually very good or very bad;; a legal document that you sign, especially one that proves that you own a house or a building;; a helpful, kind thing that you do

achievement (noun)

a thing that somebody has done successfully, especially using their own effort and skill;; the act or process of achieving something;; a reward that you can earn in some video games by completing a challenge or level

alternative (noun)

a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities

crisis (noun)

a time of great danger, difficulty or confusion when problems must be solved or important decisions must be made;; a time when a problem, a bad situation or an illness is at its worst point

bread (noun)

a type of food made from flour, water and usually yeast mixed together and baked;; money;; if you say that something is the best thing since sliced bread, you think it is extremely good, interesting, etc.;; the basic things that you need to live, especially food;; you should be grateful for something, even if it is not as good, much, etc. as you really wanted; something is better than nothing;; to know where you can get an advantage for yourself;; to take away somebody's job so that they are no longer able to earn enough money to live

cheese (noun)

a type of food made from milk that can be either soft or hard and is usually white or yellow in colour; a particular type of this food;; what you ask somebody to say before you take their photograph;; an important and powerful person, especially in an organization;; if two people or things are like chalk and cheese or as different as chalk and cheese, they are completely different from each other;; used as a way of saying that you are sorry about something, usually ironically (= you really mean the opposite)

brand (noun)

a type of product made by a particular company;; a particular type or kind of something;; a mark made with a piece of hot metal, especially on farm animals to show who owns them

cap (noun)

a type of soft flat hat with a peak (= a hard curved part sticking out in front). Caps are worn especially by men and boys, often as part of a uniform;; a soft hat that fits closely and is worn for a particular purpose;; a soft hat with a square flat top worn by some university teachers and students at special ceremonies;; a cap given to somebody who is chosen to play for a school, country, etc.; a player chosen to play for their country, etc.;; a cover or top for a pen, bottle, etc.;; an artificial cover for a damaged tooth;; an upper limit on an amount of money that can be spent or borrowed by a particular institution or in a particular situation;; a small paper container with explosive powder inside it, used especially in toy guns;; the top of a mountain or a wave;; an action that you can be proud of;; to ask somebody for something, especially money, in a very polite way that makes you seem less important;; if you feel that a remark applies to you, you should accept it and take it as a warning or criticism

acre (noun)

a unit for measuring an area of land; 4 840 square yards or about 4 050 square metres

degree (noun)

a unit for measuring angles;; a unit for measuring temperature;; the amount or level of something;; the qualification obtained by students who successfully complete a university or college course;; a university or college course, normally lasting three years or more;; a level in a scale of how serious something is;; slowly and gradually;; extremely; to an extreme degree

boat (noun)

a vehicle (smaller than a ship) that travels on water, moved by oars, sails or a motor;; any ship;; to be in the same difficult situation;; to do something that makes it impossible to return to the previous situation later;; to be what somebody likes;; to be unable to take advantage of something because you are too late;; to spend a lot of money on enjoying yourself or celebrating something;; to do something that upsets a situation and causes problems

ambulance (noun)

a vehicle with special equipment, used for taking sick or injured people to a hospital

demand (noun)

a very firm request for something; something that somebody needs;; things that somebody/something makes you do, especially things that are difficult, make you tired, worried, etc.;; the desire or need of customers for goods or services which they want to buy or use;; because a lot of people have asked for something;; wanted by a lot of people;; done or happening whenever somebody asks

elephant (noun)

a very large animal with thick grey skin, large ears, two curved outer teeth called tusks and a long nose called a trunk. There are two types of elephant, the African and the Asian.;; a problem or question that everyone knows about but does not mention because it is easier not to discuss it

baby (noun)

a very young child or animal;; the youngest member of a family or group;; a person who behaves like a young child and is easily upset;; a word used to address somebody, especially your wife, husband or lover, in a way that expresses affection but that can be offensive if used by a man to a woman he does not know;; used to emphasize how easy it is to do something;; to be a plan or project that somebody is responsible for and cares about because they have created it;; to suddenly make somebody responsible for something important that is really your responsibility;; to sleep very well;; to lose something that you want at the same time as you are trying to get rid of something that you do not want

definitely (adverb)

a way of emphasizing that something is true and that there is no doubt about it;; in a way that is certain or that shows that you are certain

access (noun)

a way of entering or reaching a place;; the opportunity or right to use something or to see somebody/something

cult (noun)

a way of life, an attitude, an idea, etc. that has become very popular;; a small group of people who have extreme religious beliefs and who are not part of any established religion;; a system of religious beliefs and practices

accent (noun)

a way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country, area or social class a person comes from;; the emphasis that you should give to part of a word when saying it;; a mark on a letter to show that it should be pronounced in a particular way;; a special importance that is given to something

email (noun)

a way of sending messages and data to other people by means of computers connected together in a network;; a message sent by email

exit (noun)

a way out of a public building or vehicle;; an act of leaving, especially of an actor from the stage;; a place where vehicles can leave a road to join another road

bomb (noun)

a weapon designed to explode at a particular time or when it is dropped or thrown;; nuclear weapons (atomic or hydrogen bombs);; a lot of money;; a complete failure;; a long forward throw of the ball;; a container in which a liquid such as paint or insect poison is kept under pressure and released as a spray or as foam;; to be very good; to be the best;; to be very successful;; to go very fast

blog (noun)

a website where a person writes regularly about recent events or topics that interest them, usually with photos and links to other websites that they find interesting

bride (noun)

a woman on her wedding day, or just before or just after it

actress (noun)

a woman who performs on the stage, on television or in films/movies, especially as a profession

apology (noun)

a word or statement saying sorry for something that has been done wrong or that causes a problem;; information that you cannot go to a meeting or must leave early;; if you say that you make no apology/apologies for something, you mean that you do not feel that you have said or done anything wrong

charter (noun)

a written statement describing the rights that a particular group of people should have;; a written statement of the principles and aims of an organization;; an official document stating that a ruler or government allows a new organization, town or university to be established and gives it particular rights;; a law or policy that seems likely to help people do something bad;; the hiring of a plane, boat, etc.

child (noun)

a young human who is not yet an adult;; a son or daughter of any age;; a person who is strongly influenced by the ideas and attitudes of a particular time or person;; an adult who behaves like a child and is not mature or responsible;; to be very easy to do, so not even a child would find it difficult;; to be pregnant

alert (adjective)

able to think quickly; quick to notice things;; aware of something, especially a problem or danger

fair (adjective)

acceptable and appropriate in a particular situation;; treating everyone equally and according to the rules or law;; quite large in number, size or amount;; quite good;; pale in colour;; bright and not raining;; not too strong and blowing in the right direction;; beautiful;; in some situations any type of behaviour is acceptable to get what you want;; used to tell somebody to be reasonable in their judgement of somebody/something;; using dishonest methods if honest ones do not work;; a reasonable opportunity to show that you can do something;; used to say that an idea or suggestion seems reasonable;; (to allow somebody) the opportunity to give their opinion of something before deciding if they have done something wrong, often in court;; used, especially as an exclamation, to say that you think that an action, decision, etc. is acceptable and appropriate because it means that everyone will be treated fairly;; (to give somebody/get) fair treatment that gives you the same chance as somebody else;; (more than) an amount of something that is considered to be reasonable or acceptable;; not particularly good or bad;; used by somebody who is caught doing something wrong, to say that they admit that they are wrong

all right (adjective)

acceptable; in an acceptable manner;; safe and well;; only just good enough;; that can be allowed;; used to emphasize that there is no doubt about something;; a person that you think is sexually attractive;; used by or about somebody who is happy with their own life and does not care about other people's problems;; used to say that a performance, an event, etc. will be successful even if the preparations for it have not gone well

classic (adjective)

accepted or deserving to be accepted as one of the best or most important of its kind;; with all the features you would expect to find; very typical;; elegant, but simple and traditional in style or design; not affected by changes in fashion;; people say That's classic! when they find something very amusing, when they think somebody has been very stupid or when something annoying, but not surprising, happens

accordance (noun)

according to a rule or the way that somebody says that something should be done

apparently (adverb)

according to what you have heard or read; according to the way something appears

depend (verb)

according to;; used to say that you are not certain about something because other things have to be considered

correct (adjective)

accurate or true, without any mistakes;; right and suitable, so that something is done as it should be done;; taking care to speak or behave in a way that follows the accepted standards or rules

crime (noun)

activities that involve breaking the law;; an illegal act or activity that can be punished by law;; an act that you think is immoral or is a big mistake

acceptable (adjective)

agreed or approved of by most people in a society;; that somebody agrees is of a good enough standard or allowed;; not very good but good enough

community (noun)

all the people who live in a particular area, country, etc. when talked about as a group;; a group of people who share the same religion, race, job, etc.;; the feeling of sharing things and belonging to a group in the place where you live;; a group of plants and animals growing or living in the same place or environment

crew (noun)

all the people working on a ship, plane, etc.;; all the people working on a ship, plane etc. except the officers who are in charge;; a group of people with special skills working together;; a group of people;; a team of people who row1 boats in races;; the sport of rowing with other people in a boat

character (noun)

all the qualities and features that make a person, groups of people, and places different from others;; the way that something is, or a particular quality or feature that a thing, an event or a place has;; strong personal qualities such as the ability to deal with difficult or dangerous situations;; the interesting or unusual quality that a place or a person has;; a person, particularly an unpleasant or strange one;; an interesting or unusual person;; the opinion that people have of you, particularly of whether you can be trusted or relied on;; a person or an animal in a book, play or film/movie;; a letter, sign, mark or symbol used in writing, in printing or on computers;; typical/not typical of a person's character;; in the same style as something

constantly (adverb)

all the time; repeatedly

everything (pronoun)

all things;; the situation now; life generally;; the most important thing;; and so on; and other similar things

during (preposition)

all through a period of time;; at some point in a period of time

and (conjunction)

also; in addition to;; added to;; then; following this;; used before a verb instead of to, to show purpose;; used to introduce a comment or a question;; as a result;; used between repeated words to show that something is repeated or continuing;; used between repeated words to show that there are important differences between things or people of the same kind.

albeit (conjunction)

although

consistent (adjective)

always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc.;; happening in the same way and continuing for a period of time;; in agreement with something; not contradicting something;; having different parts that all agree with each other

active (adjective)

always busy doing things, especially physical activities;; involved in something; making a determined effort and not leaving something to happen by itself;; doing something regularly; functioning;; lively and full of ideas;; having or causing a chemical effect;; connected with a verb whose subject is the person or thing that performs the action

consistently (adverb)

always the same;; in a way that does not change and continues for a period of time;; in a way that has different parts that all agree with each other

comic (adjective)

amusing and making you laugh;; connected with comedy (= entertainment that is funny and that makes people laugh)

custom (noun)

an accepted way of behaving or of doing things in a society or a community;; the way a person always behaves;; the fact of a person or people buying goods or services at a shop/store or business

crash (noun)

an accident in which a vehicle hits something, for example another vehicle, usually causing damage and often injuring or killing the passengers;; a sudden loud noise made, for example, by something falling or breaking;; a sudden serious fall in the price or value of something; the occasion when a business, etc. fails;; a sudden failure of a machine or system, especially of a computer or computer system

collision (noun)

an accident in which two vehicles or people crash into each other;; a strong disagreement between two people or between opposing ideas, opinions, etc.; the meeting of two things that are very different;; to be in a situation which is almost certain to cause a disagreement or argument;; to be moving in a direction in which it is likely that you will crash into somebody/something

choice (noun)

an act of choosing between two or more possibilities; something that you can choose;; the right to choose or the possibility of choosing;; a person or thing that is chosen;; the number or range of different things from which to choose;; to have such a lot of things to choose from that it is very difficult to make a decision;; because you have chosen;; that is chosen by a particular group of people or for a particular purpose;; that you choose yourself;; used for saying that there is very little difference between two or more things that you can choose

arrival (noun)

an act of coming or being brought to a place;; a person or thing that comes to a place;; the time when a new technology or idea is introduced;; (of an accident victim or other patient) already dead when arriving at hospital;; very unlikely to be successful; not working when it is delivered

exchange (noun)

an act of giving something to somebody or doing something for somebody and receiving something in return;; a conversation or an argument;; the process of changing an amount of one currency (= the money used in one country) for an equal value of another;; an arrangement when two people or groups from different countries visit each other's homes or do each other's jobs for a short time;; a building where business people met in the past to buy and sell a particular type of goods

entry (noun)

an act of going into or getting into a place;; the right or opportunity to enter a place;; the right or opportunity to take part in something or become a member of a group;; something that you do, write or make to take part in a competition, for example answering a set of questions;; the act of taking part in a competition, race, etc.;; the total number of people who are taking part in a competition, race, etc.;; an item, for example a piece of information, that is written or printed in a dictionary, an account book, a diary, etc.;; the act of recording information in a computer, book, etc.;; a door, gate or passage where you enter a building; an entrance hall

expansion (noun)

an act of increasing or making something increase in size, amount or importance

edit (noun)

an act of making changes to text or data

embrace (noun)

an act of putting your arms around somebody as a sign of love or friendship;; the act of accepting an idea, a proposal, a set of beliefs, etc, especially when it is done with enthusiasm

attempt (noun)

an act of trying to do something, especially something difficult, often with no success;; an act of trying to kill somebody;; an effort to do better than something, such as a very good performance in sport

attack (noun)

an act of using violence to try to hurt or kill somebody;; an act of trying to kill or injure the enemy in war, using weapons such as guns and bombs;; strong criticism of somebody/something in speech or in writing;; an action that you take to try to stop or change something that you feel is bad;; a sudden, short period of illness, usually severe, especially an illness that you have often;; a sudden period of feeling an emotion such as fear;; the action of something such as an insect, or a disease, that causes damage to something/somebody;; the players in a team whose job is to try to score goals or points;; the actions that players take to try to score a goal or win the game

discovery (noun)

an act or the process of finding somebody/something, or learning about something that was not known about before;; a thing, fact or person that is found or learned about for the first time

descent (noun)

an action of coming or going down;; a slope going downwards;; a person's family origins

cue (noun)

an action or event that is a signal for somebody to do something;; a few words or an action in a play that is a signal for another actor to do something;; a long wooden stick with a leather tip, used for hitting the ball in the games of billiards, pool and snooker;; at exactly the moment you expect or that is appropriate;; to copy what somebody else does as an example of how to behave or what to do

craft (noun)

an activity involving a special skill at making things with your hands;; all the skills needed for a particular activity;; skill in making people believe what you want them to believe;; a boat or ship;; an aircraft or spacecraft

benefit (noun)

an advantage that something gives you; a helpful and useful effect that something has;; money provided by the government to people who need financial help because they are unemployed, ill/sick, etc.;; an advantage that you get from a company in addition to the money that you earn;; money from an insurance company;; an event such as a performance, a dinner, etc., organized in order to raise money for a particular person or charity;; especially in order to help or be useful to somebody;; to accept that somebody has told the truth or has not done something wrong because you cannot prove that they have not told the truth/have done something wrong

alliance (noun)

an agreement between countries, political parties, etc. to work together in order to achieve something that they all want;; a group of people, political parties, etc. who work together in order to achieve something that they all want

compromise (noun)

an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so that both sides are happy at the end;; a solution to a problem in which two or more things cannot exist together as they are, in which each thing is reduced or changed slightly so that they can exist together;; the act of reaching a compromise

engagement (noun)

an agreement to marry somebody; the period during which two people are engaged;; an arrangement to do something at a particular time, especially something official or something connected with your job;; fighting between two armies, etc.;; being involved with somebody/something in an attempt to understand them/it;; an arrangement to employ somebody; the process of employing somebody

beer (noun)

an alcoholic drink made from malt and flavoured with hops. There are many types of beer.;; a glass, bottle or can of beer

dose (noun)

an amount of a medicine or a drug that is taken once, or regularly over a period of time;; an amount of something;; very fast and easily;; the same bad treatment that you have given to others

allowance (noun)

an amount of money that is given to somebody regularly or for a particular purpose;; the amount of something that is allowed in a particular situation;; an amount of money that can be earned or received before you start paying tax;; to consider something, for example when you are making a decision or planning something;; to allow somebody to behave in a way that you would not usually accept, because of a problem or because there is a special reason

discount (noun)

an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of something

allocation (noun)

an amount of money, space, etc. that is given to somebody for a particular purpose;; the act of giving something to somebody for a particular purpose

cartoon (noun)

an amusing drawing in a newspaper or magazine, especially one about politics or events in the news;; a film/movie made by photographing a series of gradually changing drawings or models, so that they look as if they are moving;; a drawing made by an artist as a preparation for a painting

dog (noun)

an animal with four legs and a tail, often kept as a pet or trained for work, for example hunting or guarding buildings. There are many types of dog, some of which are wild.;; a male dog, fox or wolf;; greyhound racing;; a thing of low quality; a failure;; an offensive way of describing a woman who is not considered attractive;; used, especially after an adjective, to describe a man who has done something bad;; to be raining heavily;; an event that is planned only in order to impress people so that they will support or buy something;; a situation in business, politics, etc. where there is a lot of competition and people are willing to harm each other in order to succeed;; a person who stops other people from enjoying what he or she cannot use or does not want;; a thing that has been done badly;; an unhappy life, full of problems or unfair treatment;; everyone has good luck or success at some point in their life;; when a person already has a bad reputation, it is difficult to change it because others will continue to blame or suspect him/her;; to get into a very bad state;; alcohol that you drink in order to make you feel better when you have drunk too much alcohol the night before;; to be involved in a situation so that you will gain or lose according to the result;; to avoid mentioning a subject or something that happened in the past, in order to avoid any problems or arguments;; extremely hard;; in a very bad or cruel way;; very determined and refusing to give up;; to have no chance at all;; feeling very ill/sick; vomiting a lot;; used to describe a situation in which the most important aspect is being influenced and controlled by somebody/something that is not as important;; (you cannot) successfully make people change their ideas, methods of work, etc., when they have had them for a long time;; to allow somebody to suffer or be punished in an unfair way, as if they have no value;; if somebody can do a task for you, there is no point in doing it yourself

beast (noun)

an animal, especially one that is large or dangerous, or one that is unusual;; a person who is cruel and whose behaviour is uncontrolled;; an unpleasant person or thing;; a thing of a particular kind

county (noun)

an area of Britain, Ireland or the US that has its own government

district (noun)

an area of a country or town, especially one that has particular features;; one of the areas which a country, town or state is divided into for purposes of organization, with official boundaries (= borders)

domain (noun)

an area of knowledge or activity; especially one that somebody is responsible for;; lands owned or ruled by a particular person, government, etc., especially in the past;; a set of websites on the Internet which end with the same group of letters, for example '.com', '.org';; the range of possible values of a particular variable

country (noun)

an area of land that has or used to have its own government and laws;; an area of land, especially with particular physical features, suitable for a particular purpose or connected with a particular person or people;; the people of a country; the nation as a whole;; any area outside towns and cities, with fields, woods, farms, etc.;; directly across fields, etc.; not by a main road;; to hold an election to choose a new parliament;; used as a reply when somebody suggests that you should not do something

cemetery (noun)

an area of land used for burying dead people, especially one that is not beside a church

beach (noun)

an area of sand or small stones (called shingle), beside the sea or a lake

dispute (noun)

an argument or a disagreement between two people, groups or countries; discussion about a subject where there is disagreement

configuration (noun)

an arrangement of the parts of something or a group of things; the form or shape that this arrangement produces;; the equipment and programs that form a computer system and the way that these are set up to run

account (noun)

an arrangement that somebody has with a bank, etc. to keep money there, take some out, etc.;; a written record of money that is owed to a business and of money that has been paid by it;; an arrangement with a shop/store or business to pay bills for goods or services at a later time, for example in regular amounts every month;; a regular customer;; an arrangement that somebody has with a company that allows them to use the Internet, send and receive messages by email, etc.;; a written or spoken description of something that has happened;; an explanation or a description of an idea, a theory or a process;; a description of an event which gives you all the details in the order in which they happen;; according to what other people say;; according to what you say yourself;; to make somebody explain a mistake, etc. because they are responsible for it;; to do something or perform well or badly, especially in a contest;; not important;; if you buy something or pay on account, you pay nothing or only a small amount immediately and the rest later;; because of what you think somebody wants;; because of somebody/something;; not for any reason;; for yourself;; because you want to and you have decided, not somebody else;; because of the particular thing that has been mentioned;; to use something in a good or helpful way;; to hurt or punish somebody who has harmed or cheated you in the past;; to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when making a decision about something

booking (noun)

an arrangement that you make in advance to buy a ticket to travel somewhere, go to the theatre, etc.;; an arrangement for somebody to perform at a theatre, in a concert, etc.;; an act of the referee writing a player's name in a book, as a punishment because an offence has been committed

credit (noun)

an arrangement that you make, with a shop/store for example, to pay later for something you buy;; money that you borrow from a bank; a loan;; the status of being trusted to pay back money to somebody who lends it to you;; if you or your bank account are in credit, there is money in the account;; a sum of money paid into a bank account; a record of the payment;; a payment that somebody has a right to for a particular reason;; praise or approval because you are responsible for something good that has happened;; a person or thing whose qualities or achievements are praised and who therefore earns respect for somebody/something else;; the act of mentioning somebody who worked on a project such as a film/movie or a television programme;; a unit of study at a college or university (in the US, also at a school); the fact of having successfully completed a unit of study;; if something does credit to a person or an organization, they deserve to be praised for it;; to have achieved something;; used to introduce the good points about somebody/something, especially after the bad points have been mentioned;; making somebody deserve praise or respect

agreement (noun)

an arrangement, a promise or a contract made with somebody;; the state of sharing the same opinion or feeling;; the fact of somebody approving of something and allowing it to happen;; the state of having the same number, gender or person

cutting (noun)

an article or a story that you cut from a newspaper or magazine and keep;; a piece cut off a plant that will be used to grow a new plant;; a narrow open passage that is dug through high ground for a road, railway/railroad or canal

endeavour (noun)

an attempt to do something, especially something new or difficult

capitalism (noun)

an economic system in which a country's businesses and industry are controlled and run for profit by private owners rather than by the government

computer (noun)

an electronic machine that can store, organize and find information, do calculations and control other machines

episode (noun)

an event, a situation, or a period of time in somebody's life, a novel, etc. that is important or interesting in some way;; one part of a story that is broadcast on television or radio in several parts

demon (noun)

an evil spirit;; a person who does something very well or with a lot of energy;; something that causes a person to worry and makes them unhappy;; alcoholic drink

definition (noun)

an explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase, especially in a dictionary; the act of stating the meanings of words and phrases;; what an idea, etc. means;; the quality of being clear and easy to see

blast (noun)

an explosion or a powerful movement of air caused by an explosion;; a sudden strong movement of air;; a sudden loud noise, especially one made by a musical instrument that you blow, or by a whistle or a car horn;; strong criticism;; a very enjoyable experience that is a lot of fun;; a piece of advertising or information that is sent to a large number of people at the same time by email;; a person or thing from your past that you see, hear, meet, etc. again in the present;; with the greatest possible volume or power

bonus (noun)

an extra amount of money that is added to a payment, especially to somebody's wages or salary as a reward;; anything pleasant that is extra and more or better than you were expecting

concept (noun)

an idea or a principle that is connected with something abstract

drug (noun)

an illegal substance that some people smoke, inject, etc. for the physical and mental effects it has;; a substance used as a medicine or used in a medicine

disease (noun)

an illness affecting humans, animals or plants, often caused by infection;; something that is very wrong with people's attitudes, way of life or with society

breakthrough (noun)

an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement

accomplishment (noun)

an impressive thing that is done or achieved after a lot of work;; a skill or special ability;; the successful completing of something

conversation (noun)

an informal talk involving a small group of people or only two; the activity of talking in this way

clock (noun)

an instrument for measuring and showing time, in a room, on the wall of a building or on a computer screen (not worn or carried like a watch);; if you do something against the clock, you do it fast in order to finish before a particular time;; all day and all night without stopping;; to finish a task, race, etc. before a particular time;; to beat somebody at something;; to physically attack someone;; the time changes officially, for example at the beginning and end of summer;; to change the time shown by clocks, usually by one hour, when the time changes officially, for example at the beginning and end of summer;; to return to a situation that existed in the past; to remember a past age;; to return to old-fashioned methods or ideas;; a situation in which you have to do something or finish something very fast before it is too late;; if a sports team tries to run down/out the clock at the end of a game, it stops trying to score and just tries to keep hold of the ball to stop the other team from scoring;; to stop measuring time in a game or an activity that has a time limit;; to be careful not to work longer than the required time; to think more about when your work will finish than about the work itself

crown (noun)

an object in the shape of a circle, usually made of gold and precious stones, that a king or queen wears on his or her head on official occasions;; the government of a country, thought of as being represented by a king or queen;; the position or power of a king or queen;; a circle of flowers, leaves, etc. that is worn on somebody's head, sometimes as a sign of victory;; the position of winning a sports competition;; the top part of the head or a hat;; the highest part of something;; an artificial cover for a damaged tooth;; anything in the shape of a crown, especially as a decoration or a badge;; a unit of money in several European countries;; an old British coin worth five shillings (= now 25p);; the most attractive or valuable part of something

barrier (noun)

an object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward from one place to another;; a problem, rule or situation that prevents somebody from doing something, or that makes something impossible;; something that exists between one thing or person and another and keeps them separate;; a particular amount, level or number that it is difficult to get past

brush (noun)

an object made of short stiff hairs (called bristles ) or wires set in a block of wood or plastic, usually attached to a handle. Brushes are used for many different jobs, such as cleaning, painting and tidying your hair.;; an act of brushing;; a light touch made in passing something/somebody;; a short unfriendly meeting with somebody; an occasion when you nearly experience something unpleasant;; land covered by small trees or bushes;; the tail of a fox;; to be thought to have the same faults, etc. as somebody else;; very silly;; to describe something in a general way, ignoring the details

device (noun)

an object or a piece of equipment that has been designed to do a particular job;; a bomb or weapon that will explode;; a method of doing something that produces a particular result or effect;; a plan or trick that is used to get something that somebody wants;; to leave somebody alone to do as they wish, and not tell them what to do

clue (noun)

an object, a piece of evidence or some information that helps the police solve a crime;; a fact or a piece of evidence that helps you discover the answer to a problem;; some words or a piece of information that helps you find the answers to a crossword, a game or a question;; to know nothing about something or about how to do something;; to be very stupid

bombing (noun)

an occasion when a bomb is dropped or left somewhere; the act of doing this

breakdown (noun)

an occasion when a vehicle or machine stops working;; a failure of a relationship, discussion or system;; detailed information that you get by studying a set of figures;; the breaking of a substance into the parts of which it is made

certificate (noun)

an official document that may be used to prove that the facts it states are true;; an official document proving that you have completed a course of study or passed an exam; a qualification obtained after a course of study or an exam

audit (noun)

an official examination of business and financial records to see that they are true and correct;; an official examination of the quality or standard of something

commission (noun)

an official group of people who have been given responsibility to control something, or to find out about something, usually for the government;; an amount of money that is paid to somebody for selling goods and which increases with the amount of goods that are sold;; an amount of money that is charged by a bank, etc. for providing a particular service;; a formal request to somebody to design or make a piece of work such as a building or a painting;; an officer's position in the armed forces;; the act of doing something wrong or illegal;; available/not available to be used

association (noun)

an official group of people who have joined together for a particular purpose;; a connection or relationship between people or organizations;; an idea or a memory that is suggested by somebody/something; a mental connection between ideas;; a connection between things where one is caused by the other

declaration (noun)

an official or formal statement, especially about the plans of a government or an organization; the act of making such a statement;; a written or spoken statement, especially about what people feel or believe;; an official written statement giving information;; an official announcement of the number of votes each candidate has received in an election;; the act of ending an innings before all your players have batted

document (noun)

an official paper or book that gives information about something, or that can be used as evidence or proof of something;; a computer file that contains text that has a name that identifies it

enquiry (noun)

an official process to find out the cause of something or to find out information about something;; a request for information about somebody/something; a question about somebody/something;; the act of asking questions or collecting information about somebody/something;; a place where you can get information

ambassador (noun)

an official who lives in a foreign country as the senior representative there of his or her own country

contract (noun)

an official written agreement;; an agreement to kill somebody for money

assessment (noun)

an opinion or a judgement about somebody/something that has been thought about very carefully;; the act of judging or forming an opinion about somebody/something;; an amount that has been calculated and that must be paid

advice (noun)

an opinion or a suggestion about what somebody should do in a particular situation

consensus (noun)

an opinion that all members of a group agree with

command (noun)

an order given to a person or an animal;; an instruction given to a computer;; control and authority over a situation or a group of people;; a part of an army, air force, etc. that is organized and controlled separately; a group of officers who give orders;; your knowledge of something; your ability to do or use something, especially a language;; if you have a skill or an amount of something at your command, you are able to use it well and completely;; to be ready to obey somebody;; used to say that you are ready to do whatever somebody asks you to do

charity (noun)

an organization for helping people in need;; the aim of giving money, food, help, etc. to people who are in need;; kindness and sympathy towards other people, especially when you are judging them;; you should help and care for your own family, etc. before you start helping other people

bank (noun)

an organization that provides various financial services, for example keeping or lending money;; a supply of money or things that are used as money in some games, especially those in which gambling is involved;; an amount of something that is collected; a place where something is stored ready for use;; the side of a river, canal, etc. and the land near it;; a raised area of ground that slopes at the sides, often at the edge of something or dividing something;; an artificial slope built at the side of a road, so that cars can drive fast around bends;; a mass of cloud, snow, etc., especially one formed by the wind;; a row or series of similar objects, especially machines;; to make a lot of money easily and feel very pleased about it;; if you say something won't break the bank, you mean that it won't cost a lot of money, or more than you can afford

establishment (noun)

an organization, a large institution or a hotel;; the people in a society or a profession who have influence and power and who usually do not support change;; the act of starting or creating something that is meant to last for a long time

expedition (noun)

an organized journey with a particular purpose, especially to find out about a place that is not well known;; the people who go on an expedition;; a short trip that you make when you want or need something

database (noun)

an organized set of data that is stored in a computer and can be looked at and used in various ways

disaster (noun)

an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage;; a very bad situation that causes problems;; a complete failure;; a thing or person that is very likely to cause danger or a problem in the future because of the condition it is in or the way they behave

accident (noun)

an unpleasant event, especially in a vehicle, that happens unexpectedly and causes injury or damage;; something that happens unexpectedly and is not planned in advance;; a thing or person that is very likely to cause danger or a problem in the future because of the condition it is in or the way they behave;; people say accidents will happen to tell somebody who has had an accident, for example breaking something, that it does not matter and they should not worry;; in a way that is not planned or organized;; a series of unfortunate events

disorder (noun)

an untidy state; a lack of order or organization;; violent behaviour of large groups of people;; an illness that causes a part of the body to stop functioning correctly

adventure (noun)

an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience, journey or series of events;; excitement and the willingness to take risks, try new ideas, etc.

contention (noun)

angry disagreement between people;; a belief or an opinion that you express, especially in an argument;; a subject which causes disagreement and arguments between people;; with a chance of winning something;; without a chance of winning something

aggressive (adjective)

angry, and behaving in a threatening way; ready to attack;; acting with force and determination in order to succeed

bone (noun)

any of the hard parts that form the skeleton of the body of a human or an animal;; the hard substance that bones are made of;; having bones of the type mentioned;; a very thin person or animal;; the basic facts;; a subject which causes disagreement and arguments between people;; so honest or clearly expressed that it is likely to cause offence to some people;; to reduce something, such as costs, as much as you possibly can;; to be certain about something even though you do not have any direct proof and cannot explain why you are certain;; to be angry with somebody about something and want to discuss it with them;; to be honest and open about something; to not hesitate to do something;; to have none of the quality mentioned;; to develop a basic idea, etc. by giving more details to make it more complete;; extremely thin in a way that is not attractive or healthy;; to give somebody a small part of what they want as a way of showing that you want to help them, without offering them the main thing they want;; affecting you very strongly;; to work very hard

faculty (noun)

any of the physical or mental abilities that a person is born with;; a particular ability for doing something;; a department or group of related departments in a college or university;; all the teachers in a faculty of a college or university;; all the teachers of a particular university or college

bug (noun)

any small insect;; an infectious illness that is usually fairly mild;; an enthusiastic interest in something such as a sport or a hobby;; a small hidden device for listening to other people's conversations;; a fault in a machine, especially in a computer system or program

dirt (noun)

any substance that makes something dirty, for example dust, soil or mud;; loose earth or soil;; unpleasant or harmful information about somebody that could be used to damage their reputation, career, etc.;; to tell people unkind or unpleasant things about somebody, especially about their private life;; to be made to feel small, stupid, etc.;; to treat somebody with no respect at all

aircraft (noun)

any vehicle that can fly and carry goods or passengers

around (adverb)

approximately;; on every side; surrounding somebody/something;; moving in a circle;; measured in a circle;; in or to many places;; used to describe activities that have no real purpose;; present in a place; available;; active and well known in a sport, profession, etc.;; in a circle or curve to face another way or the opposite way;; to have gained knowledge and experience of the world

alignment (noun)

arrangement in a straight line;; political support given to one country or group by another

consequently (adverb)

as a result; therefore

according to (preposition)

as stated or reported by somebody/something;; following, agreeing with or depending on something;; to do only what you have enough money to do and no more

afterwards (adverb)

at a later time; after an event that has already been mentioned

always (adverb)

at all times; on every occasion;; for a long time; since you can remember;; for all future time;; if you say a person is always doing something, or something is always happening, you mean that they do it, or it happens, very often, and that this is annoying;; used to suggest a possible course of action;; as usually happens or is expected;; used to say that somebody cannot change

above (preposition)

at or to a higher place or position than something/somebody;; more than something; greater in number, level or age than somebody/something;; of greater importance or of higher quality than somebody/something;; too good or too honest to do something;; louder or clearer than another sound;; most important of all; especially;; having too high an opinion of yourself;; in addition to something

below (preposition)

at or to a lower level or position than somebody/something;; of a lower amount or standard than somebody/something;; of a lower rank or of less importance than somebody/something

behind (preposition)

at or towards the back of somebody/something, and often hidden by it or them;; making less progress than somebody/something;; giving support to or approval of somebody/something;; responsible for starting or developing something;; used to say that something is in somebody's past

eventually (adverb)

at the end of a period of time or a series of events

currently (adverb)

at the present time

elegant (adjective)

attractive and showing a good sense of style;; attractive and designed well;; clever but simple

appealing (adjective)

attractive or interesting;; showing that you want people to help you or to show you pity or sympathy

conscious (adjective)

aware of something; noticing something;; able to use your senses and mental powers to understand what is happening;; deliberate or controlled;; being particularly interested in something

brick (noun)

baked clay used for building walls, houses and other buildings; an individual block of this;; a plastic or wooden block, used as a toy for young children to build things with;; a friend that you can rely on when you need help;; to keep trying to do something that will never be successful;; to be unable to make any progress because there is a difficulty that stops you;; to say something that offends or embarrasses somebody, although you did not intend to;; very nervous;; very heavily; very severely;; to try to work without the necessary material, money, information, etc.

empirical (adjective)

based on experiments or experience rather than ideas or theories

abstract (adjective)

based on general ideas and not on any particular real person, thing or situation;; existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical reality;; not representing people or things in a realistic way, but expressing the artist's ideas about them

experimental (adjective)

based on new ideas, forms or methods that are used to find out what effect they have;; connected with scientific experiments

already (adverb)

before now or before a particular time in the past;; used to express surprise that something has happened so soon or so early;; used to emphasize that a situation or problem exists;; used to say that something is annoying or boring and that you want it to stop

cautious (adjective)

being careful about what you say or do, especially to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risks

cynical (adjective)

believing that people only do things to help themselves rather than for good or honest reasons;; not believing that something good will happen or that something is important;; not caring that something might hurt other people, if there is some advantage for you

ancient (adjective)

belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past;; very old; having existed for a very long time;; the people who lived in ancient times, especially the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans

contemporary (adjective)

belonging to the same time;; belonging to the present time

bold (adjective)

brave and confident; not afraid to say what you feel or to take risks;; that can be easily seen; having a strong clear appearance;; in a thick, dark type;; used especially when politely asking a question or making a suggestion which you hope will not offend anyone (although it may criticize them slightly);; without showing any respect, shame or fear

facility (noun)

buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purpose;; a special feature of a machine, service, etc. that makes it possible to do something extra;; a place, usually including buildings, used for a particular purpose or activity;; a natural ability to learn or do something easily

engaged (adjective)

busy doing something;; having agreed to marry somebody;; being used;; being used

accidentally (adverb)

by chance; in a way that was not planned

average (adjective)

calculated by adding several amounts together, finding a total, and dividing the total by the number of amounts;; typical or normal;; ordinary; not special

caution (noun)

care that you take in order to avoid danger or mistakes; not taking any risks;; a warning that is given by the police to somebody who has committed a crime that is not too serious;; a warning or a piece of advice about a possible danger or risk;; to stop caring about how dangerous something might be; to start taking risks

due (adjective)

caused by somebody/something; because of somebody/something;; arranged or expected;; when a sum of money is due, it must be paid immediately;; owed to somebody as a debt, because it is their right or because they have done something to deserve it;; owed something; deserving something;; that is suitable or right in the circumstances;; at the right time and not before;; used when you are going to disagree, usually quite strongly, with somebody

controversial (adjective)

causing a lot of angry public discussion and disagreement

damaging (adjective)

causing damage; having a bad effect on somebody/something

destructive (adjective)

causing destruction or damage

exciting (adjective)

causing great interest or excitement

deadly (adjective)

causing or likely to cause death;; extreme; complete;; extremely effective, so that no defence is possible;; very boring

bound (adjective)

certain or likely to happen, or to do or be something;; forced to do something by law, duty or a particular situation;; prevented from going somewhere or from working normally by the conditions mentioned;; travelling, or ready to travel, in a particular direction or to a particular place;; to be closely connected;; very busy with something; very interested or involved in something;; very determined to do something;; closely connected with something;; to feel that you must do something because of your sense of moral duty;; I feel sure

affordable (adjective)

cheap enough that people can afford to buy it or pay it

explicit (adjective)

clear and easy to understand;; saying something clearly, exactly and openly;; said, done or shown in an open or direct way, so that you have no doubt about what is happening

evident (adjective)

clear; easily seen

explicitly (adverb)

clearly or directly, so that the meaning is easy to understand;; openly or obviously, so that there is no doubt about what is happening

clothing (noun)

clothes, especially a particular type of clothes;; a person who seems to be friendly or harmless but is really an enemy

divine (adjective)

coming from or connected with God or a god;; wonderful; beautiful

essential (adjective)

completely necessary; extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity;; connected with the most important aspect or basic nature of somebody/something

absurd (adjective)

completely ridiculous; not logical and sensible;; things that are or that seem to be absurd

convinced (adjective)

completely sure about something;; believing strongly in a particular religion or set of political ideas

aesthetic (adjective)

concerned with beauty and art and the understanding of beautiful things;; made in an artistic way and beautiful to look at

corporate (adjective)

connected with a corporation;; forming a corporation;; involving or shared by all the members of a group

architectural (adjective)

connected with architecture

artistic (adjective)

connected with art or artists;; showing a natural skill in or enjoyment of art, especially being able to paint or draw well;; done with skill and imagination; attractive or beautiful;; the freedom of artists or writers to change facts in order to make a story, painting, etc. more interesting or beautiful

ethical (adjective)

connected with beliefs and principles about what is right and wrong;; morally correct or acceptable

chemical (adjective)

connected with chemistry;; produced by or using processes which involve changes to atoms or molecules;; using or connected with chemicals

communist (adjective)

connected with communism;; governed by or belonging to a Communist party

academic (adjective)

connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities;; involving a lot of reading and studying rather than practical or technical skills;; good at subjects involving a lot of reading and studying;; not connected to a real or practical situation and therefore not important

educational (adjective)

connected with education; providing education

electoral (adjective)

connected with elections

electrical (adjective)

connected with electricity; using or producing electricity

electric (adjective)

connected with electricity; using, produced by or producing electricity;; full of excitement; making people excited

evolutionary (adjective)

connected with evolution; connected with gradual development and change

diplomatic (adjective)

connected with managing relations between countries (= diplomacy);; having or showing skill in dealing with people in difficult situations

cognitive (adjective)

connected with mental processes of understanding

colonial (adjective)

connected with or belonging to a country that controls another country;; typical of or connected with the US at the time when it was still a British colony

ethnic (adjective)

connected with or belonging to a nation, race or people that shares a cultural tradition;; typical of a country or culture that is very different from modern Western culture and therefore interesting for people in Western countries

extremist (adjective)

connected with or belonging to extremists

alcoholic (adjective)

connected with or containing alcohol;; caused by drinking alcohol

criminal (adjective)

connected with or involving crime;; connected to the laws that deal with crime;; morally wrong

external (adjective)

connected with or located on the outside of something/somebody;; happening or coming from outside a place, an organization, your particular situation, etc.;; coming from or arranged by somebody from outside a school, a university or an organization;; connected with foreign countries

administrative (adjective)

connected with organizing the work of a business or an institution

civilian (adjective)

connected with people who are not members of the armed forces or the police

emotional (adjective)

connected with people's feelings (= with the emotions);; causing people to feel strong emotions;; showing strong emotions, sometimes in a way that other people think is unnecessary

comparative (adjective)

connected with studying things to find out how similar or different they are;; measured or judged by how similar or different it is to something else;; relating to adjectives or adverbs that express more in amount, degree or quality, for example better, worse, slower and more difficult

commercial (adjective)

connected with the buying and selling of goods and services;; making or intended to make a profit;; more concerned with profit and being popular than with quality;; paid for by the money charged for broadcasting advertisements

constitutional (adjective)

connected with the constitution of a country or an organization;; allowed or limited by the constitution of a country or an organization;; related to the body's ability to stay healthy, be strong and fight illness

continent (adjective)

connected with the control of your feelings, especially your desire to have sex;; able to control the bladder and bowels

cultural (adjective)

connected with the culture of a particular society or group, its customs, beliefs, etc.;; connected with art, literature, music, etc.

environmental (adjective)

connected with the natural conditions in which people, animals and plants live; connected with the environment;; connected with the conditions that affect the behaviour and development of somebody/something

civil (adjective)

connected with the people who live in a country;; connected with the state rather than with religion or with the armed forces;; involving personal legal matters and not criminal law;; polite in a formal way but possibly not friendly

ecological (adjective)

connected with the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their environment;; interested in and concerned about the ecology of a place

biological (adjective)

connected with the science of biology;; connected with the processes that take place within living things;; using enzymes (= chemical substances that are found in plants and animals) to get clothes, etc. clean

agricultural (adjective)

connected with the science or practice of farming

editorial (adjective)

connected with the task of preparing something such as a newspaper, a book or a television or radio programme, to be published or broadcast

economic (adjective)

connected with the trade, industry and development of wealth of a country, an area or a society;; producing enough profit to continue

dense (adjective)

containing a lot of people, things, plants, etc. with little space between them;; difficult to see through;; stupid;; difficult to understand because it contains a lot of information;; heavy in relation to its size

democratic (adjective)

controlled by representatives who are elected by the people of a country; connected with this system;; based on the principle that all members have an equal right to be involved in running an organization, etc.;; based on the principle that all members of society are equal rather than divided by money or social class;; connected with the Democratic Party in the US

dialogue (noun)

conversations in a book, play, or film/movie;; a formal discussion between two groups or countries, especially when they are trying to solve a problem, end a disagreement, etc.

accurate (adjective)

correct and true in every detail;; able to give completely correct information or to do something in an exact way;; an accurate throw, shot, weapon, etc. hits or reaches the thing that it was aimed at

exact (adjective)

correct in every detail;; very accurate and careful about details;; using accurate measurements and following set rules

expensive (adjective)

costing a lot of money

costly (adjective)

costing a lot of money, especially more than you want to pay;; causing problems or the loss of something

cheap (adjective)

costing little money or less money than you expected;; charging low prices;; low in price and quality;; unpleasant or unkind and rather obvious;; having a low status and therefore not deserving respect;; not liking to spend money;; so good or useful that the cost does not seem too much;; used to say that there is a situation in which it is not thought to be important if people somewhere die or are treated badly;; spending less money than you usually need to spend to do something

extensive (adjective)

covering a large area; great in amount;; including or dealing with a wide range of information

cattle (noun)

cows and bulls that are kept as farm animals for their milk or meat

address (noun)

details of where somebody lives or works and where letters, etc. can be sent;; a series of words and symbols that tells you where you can find something using a computer, for example on the Internet;; a formal speech that is made in front of an audience;; the correct title, etc. to use when you talk to somebody

ambitious (adjective)

determined to be successful, rich, powerful, etc.;; needing a lot of effort, money or time to succeed

contrary (adjective)

different from something; against something;; completely different in nature or direction

challenging (adjective)

difficult in an interesting way that tests your ability;; done in a way that invites people to disagree or argue with you, or shows that you disagree with them

confusing (adjective)

difficult to understand; not clear

corruption (noun)

dishonest or illegal behaviour, especially of people in authority;; the act or effect of making somebody change from moral to immoral standards of behaviour;; the form of a word or phrase that has become changed from its original form in some way

efficient (adjective)

doing something well and thoroughly with no waste of time, money or energy

deliberately (adverb)

done in a way that was planned, not by chance;; slowly and carefully

deliberate (adjective)

done on purpose rather than by accident;; done slowly and carefully

collective (adjective)

done or shared by all members of a group of people; involving a whole group or society;; used to refer to all members of a group

alcohol (noun)

drinks such as beer, wine, etc. that can make people drunk;; the clear liquid that is found in drinks such as beer, wine, etc. and is used in medicines, cleaning products, etc.

before (preposition)

earlier than somebody/something;; used to say that somebody/something is in a position in front of somebody/something;; used to say that somebody/something is ahead of somebody/something in an order or arrangement;; used to say that something is facing somebody in the future;; in the presence of somebody who is listening, watching, etc.;; used to say how somebody reacts when they have to face somebody/something

explosive (adjective)

easily able or likely to explode;; likely to cause violence or strong feelings of anger or hatred;; often having sudden violent or angry feelings;; increasing suddenly and rapidly;; sudden and loud

delicate (adjective)

easily damaged or broken;; not strong and easily becoming ill/sick;; small and having a beautiful shape or appearance;; made or formed in a very careful and detailed way;; showing or needing skilful, careful or sensitive treatment;; light and pleasant; not strong

distinct (adjective)

easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc.;; clearly different or of a different kind;; used to emphasize that you think an idea or situation definitely exists and is important

apparent (adjective)

easy to see or understand;; that seems to be real or true but may not be

clear (adjective)

easy to understand and not causing any confusion;; obvious and leaving no doubt at all;; having or feeling no doubt or confusion;; thinking in a sensible and logical way, especially in a difficult situation;; easy to see or hear;; that you can see through;; without cloud or mist;; without spots or marks;; bright and lively;; free from things that are blocking the way or covering the surface of something;; if you have a clear conscience or your conscience is clear, you do not feel guilty;; free from something that is unpleasant;; not touching something; a distance away from something;; whole or complete;; remaining when taxes, costs, etc. have been taken away;; produced with the central part of the tongue close to the top of the mouth. In many accents of English, clear /l/ is used before a vowel, as in leave.;; easy to see or understand;; not clear at all; not easy to understand;; a complete difference or separation;; there is no danger of being seen or caught;; to remain calm in a difficult situation;; to enable somebody to be successful in a particular area of activity because other people or groups have given up competing with them;; in a way that is very easy to understand

ear (noun)

either of the organs on the sides of the head that you hear with;; having the type of ears mentioned;; an ability to recognize and copy sounds well;; the top part of a grain plant, such as wheat, that contains the seeds;; to be waiting with interest to hear what somebody has to say;; to talk to somebody a lot about something, especially about a problem that you have;; to be forced to leave (a job, etc.);; to have a lot of something to deal with;; to hit somebody with your hand on the side of their head as a punishment;; to look at or listen to something/somebody carefully and with a lot of attention;; somebody hears about something, especially when other people already know about it;; a person thinks that other people are talking about them, especially in an unkind way;; a person is trying to listen to somebody else's conversation;; pleasant to listen to or look at;; to be ignored or not noticed by other people;; to think or imagine that other people are talking about you;; to hit somebody with your hand on the side of their head as a punishment;; to hit somebody/be hit on the head as a punishment;; to be forgotten quickly;; to have a lot of something, especially more than you need;; to be able to give somebody advice, influence them, etc. because they trust you;; to speak to somebody privately about something;; to be quick to notice or hear things;; to make sure that you always find out about the most recent developments in a particular situation;; to listen in a patient and sympathetic way to somebody;; to do something badly; to make a mess of something;; to succeed in making something good out of material that does not seem very good at all;; news or information that you are very pleased to hear;; to be very surprised at something you hear/see;; to play music by remembering how it sounds rather than by reading it;; to decide how to deal with a situation as it develops rather than by having a plan to follow;; to raise the ears;; to listen carefully, especially because you have just heard something interesting;; to make you feel that you can still hear something;; to refuse to listen to something;; to be smiling, etc. a lot because you are very pleased about something;; to ignore or refuse to listen to somebody/something;; used to warn people to be careful what they say because other people may be listening;; young and without much experience;; if somebody sends a person away with a flea in their ear, they tell them angrily to go away;; without giving your full attention to what is being said, etc.

arm (noun)

either of the two long parts that stick out from the top of the body and connect the shoulders to the hands;; the part of a piece of clothing that covers the arm;; the part of a chair, etc. on which you rest your arms;; a long narrow part of an object or a piece of machinery, especially one that moves;; a long narrow piece of water or land that is joined to a larger area;; a section of a large organization that deals with one particular activity;; with your hands on your hips and your elbows pointing away from your body;; very long;; a very small baby that cannot yet walk;; to be a soldier; to fight;; to take a risk although you will probably fail;; to cost/pay a lot of money;; to put one of your arms over the other one and hold them against your body;; to put your arms around somebody and hold them against your body;; used to say that somebody is willing to give up a lot in order to have or do something that they really want;; to avoid having a close relationship with somebody;; the power and/or authority of something;; something that gives somebody/something the help or encouragement they need;; to persuade or force somebody to do something;; if you welcome somebody with open arms, you are extremely happy and pleased to see them

eye (noun)

either of the two organs on the face that you see with;; having the type or number of eyes mentioned;; the ability to see;; a particular way of seeing something;; the hole in the end of a needle that you put the thread through;; a small thin piece of metal curved round, that a small hook fits into, used for fastening clothes;; a calm area at the centre of a storm, etc.;; a dark mark on a potato from which another plant will grow;; a person or thing that is loved more than any other;; to the horizon (= where the sky meets the land or sea);; to open and close your eyes quickly, in a way that is supposed to be attractive;; to be watching somebody/something carefully and with a lot of interest;; people all have different ideas about what is beautiful;; in somebody's presence; in front of somebody;; to have a lot of something to deal with;; a view of something from a high position looking down;; to look at or examine something quickly;; to attract somebody's attention;; to see somebody/something;; to look at or listen to something/somebody carefully and with a lot of attention;; pleasant to listen to or look at;; used to show that you do not believe somebody/something;; used to say that you should punish somebody by doing to them what they have done to you or to somebody else;; used to say that somebody has been greedy by taking more food than they can eat;; to look at somebody/something and get great pleasure;; to be seen only by a particular person;; to practise so that you are able to judge more clearly how fast and where the ball is going;; to be able to judge if things look attractive, valuable, etc.;; to be watching somebody carefully, especially to check that they do not do anything wrong;; to be thinking about asking somebody out, offering somebody a job, etc. because you think they are attractive, good at their job, etc.;; to be thinking about buying something;; to be aware of everything that is happening around you, even things that seem difficult or impossible to see;; to be able to notice or see everything;; to look at or watch something while doing something else, especially in a secret way so that other people do not notice;; to always be looking for the chance to have a new sexual relationship;; to be very obvious to somebody;; very quickly; in a short time;; in somebody's opinion or according to the way that they see the situation;; according to the law, most people in the world, etc.;; well known to many people through newspapers and television;; very quickly;; to watch somebody/something carefully;; to be quick to notice or hear things;; to take care of somebody/something and make sure that they are not harmed, damaged, etc.;; to continue to give your attention to what is most important;; to look for somebody/something while you are doing other things;; to look carefully for somebody/something;; to watch somebody/something carefully in case you need to take action;; to look straight at somebody without feeling embarrassed or ashamed;; to look at somebody in a way that shows that you find them sexually attractive;; if you meet somebody's eye(s), you look directly at them as they look at you; if two people's eyes meet, they look directly at each other;; if a sight meets your eyes, you see it;; your imagination;; the normal power of your eyes without the help of an instrument;; to show no surprise or embarrassment when something unusual happens;; to be very surprised at something you hear/see;; used to say that everyone was very emotional about something;; to not share the same views as somebody about something;; to find somebody/something so interesting, attractive, etc. that you watch them all the time;; a result, action, etc. that represents a defeat or disappointment for somebody/something;; to be in love with only one particular person;; to realize or make somebody realize the truth about something;; to be very attractive to look at;; to try to trick somebody; to hide your real actions or intentions from somebody;; to think about or see something the way that another person sees it;; to see something by accident or not very clearly because you see it from the side of your eye and are not looking straight at it;; to pretend that you have not noticed something so that you do not have to deal with it;; a person or thing that you are pleased to see; something that is very pleasant to look at;; to stop giving your attention to what is most important;; a person or thing is more complicated or interesting than you might think at first;; to pretend not to notice something bad that is happening, so you do not have to do anything about it;; being watched carefully by somebody;; if a person does not know about something that they would normally disapprove of, then it cannot hurt them;; with the hope of using a particular situation in order to gain some advantage for yourself;; fully aware of the possible problems or results of a particular course of action;; having enough experience to be able to do something easily;; with the intention of doing something

breast (noun)

either of the two round soft parts at the front of a woman's body that produce milk when she has had a baby;; the similar, smaller part on a man's body, which does not produce milk;; the top part of the front of your body, below your neck;; the part of a piece of clothing that covers your chest;; the front part of a bird's body;; meat from the front part of the body of a bird or an animal;; having the type of chest or breasts mentioned;; the part of the body where the feelings and emotions are thought to be;; to show that you feel sorry about something that you have done, especially in public and in an exaggerated way;; to tell the truth about something so that you no longer feel guilty

cheek (noun)

either side of the face below the eyes;; having the type of cheeks mentioned;; either of the buttocks;; talk or behaviour that people think is annoying, rude or lacking in respect;; very close to somebody/something;; to make somebody look healthy;; to make a deliberate decision to remain calm and not to act in an aggressive way when somebody has hurt you or made you angry;; if you say something with your tongue in your cheek, you are not being serious and mean it as a joke

blank (adjective)

empty, with nothing written, printed or recorded on it;; empty; with no pictures, marks or decoration;; showing no feeling, understanding or interest;; complete and total

animation (noun)

energy and enthusiasm in the way you look, behave or speak;; the process of making films/movies, videos and computer games in which drawings or models of people and animals seem to move;; a film/movie in which drawings of people and animals seem to move

evil (adjective)

enjoying harming others; morally bad and cruel;; having a harmful effect on people; morally bad;; connected with the Devil and with what is bad in the world;; extremely unpleasant;; the time when you have to do something difficult or unpleasant;; a person or spirit who is thought to have a good/bad influence over you;; an unpleasant drink that is a mixture of different things

adequate (adjective)

enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need

equivalent (adjective)

equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.

affair (noun)

events that are of public interest or political importance;; an event that people are talking about or describing in a particular way;; a sexual relationship between two people, usually when one or both of them are married to somebody else;; matters connected with a person's private business and financial situation;; a thing that somebody is responsible for (and that other people should not be concerned with);; an object that is unusual or difficult to describe;; a situation

everyone (pronoun)

every person; all people

being (noun)

existence;; a living creature;; your mind and all of your feelings

expertise (noun)

expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job

allegedly (adverb)

expressed as though something is a fact but without giving any proof

critical (adjective)

expressing disapproval of somebody/something and saying what you think is bad about them;; extremely important because a future situation will be affected by it;; serious, uncertain and possibly dangerous;; involving making fair, careful judgements about the good and bad qualities of somebody/something;; according to the judgement of critics of art, music, literature, etc.

backup (noun)

extra help or support that you can get if necessary;; a copy of a file, etc. that can be used if the original is lost or damaged

brilliant (adjective)

extremely clever or impressive;; very successful;; very intelligent or skilful;; very bright;; very good; excellent

excellent (adjective)

extremely good;; used to show that you are very pleased about something or that you approve of something

fabulous (adjective)

extremely good;; very great;; appearing in fables

crucial (adjective)

extremely important, because it will affect other things

enormous (adjective)

extremely large

data (noun)

facts or information, especially when examined and used to find out things or to make decisions;; information that is stored by a computer

default (noun)

failure to do something that must be done by law, especially paying a debt;; what happens or appears if you do not make any other choice or change;; a game or competition can be won by default if there are no other people, teams, etc. taking part;; if something happens by default, it happens because you have not made any other decision or choices which would make things happen in a different way;; because of a lack of something

cool (adjective)

fairly cold; not hot or warm;; making you feel pleasantly cool;; calm; not excited, angry or emotional;; not friendly, interested or enthusiastic;; used to show that you admire or approve of something because it is fashionable, attractive and often different;; people say Cool! or That's cool to show that they approve of something or agree to a suggestion;; calm and confident in a way that lacks respect for other people, but makes people admire you as well as disapprove;; used about a sum of money to emphasize how large it is;; very calm and controlled, especially in a difficult situation;; to deal with a situation in a calm way and not show what you are really feeling;; to consider a problem or possibility very carefully and without hurrying;; very fashionable

distant (adjective)

far away in space or time;; not like something else;; related to you but not closely;; not friendly; not wanting a close relationship with somebody;; not paying attention to something but thinking about something completely different;; a long time ago;; not a long time in the future but fairly soon

dad (noun)

father

alarm (noun)

fear and anxiety that somebody feels when something dangerous or unpleasant might happen;; a loud noise or a signal that warns people of danger or of a problem;; a device that warns people of a particular danger;; a ringing sound or a tune played by a clock or your phone after you have set it to play at a particular time to wake you up;; if you say that alarm bells are ringing, you mean that people are starting to feel worried and suspicious

afraid (adjective)

feeling fear; frightened because you think that you might be hurt or suffer;; worried about what might happen;; worried or frightened that something unpleasant, dangerous, etc. will happen to a particular person or thing;; used as a polite way of telling somebody something that is unpleasant or disappointing, or that you are sorry about

enthusiastic (adjective)

feeling or showing a lot of excitement and interest about somebody/something

excited (adjective)

feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasm;; nervous or upset and unable to relax;; feeling sexual desire

desperate (adjective)

feeling or showing that you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or others;; giving little hope of success; tried when everything else has failed;; needing or wanting something very much;; extremely serious or dangerous

ashamed (adjective)

feeling shame or embarrassment about somebody/something or because of something you have done;; unwilling to do something because of shame or embarrassment

confident (adjective)

feeling sure about your own ability to do things and be successful;; feeling certain that something will happen in the way that you want or expect

bored (adjective)

feeling tired and impatient because you have lost interest in somebody/something or because you have nothing to do;; to be extremely frightened or bored;; extremely bored

anxious (adjective)

feeling worried or nervous;; causing anxiety; showing anxiety;; wanting something very much

aggression (noun)

feelings of anger and hatred that may result in threatening or violent behaviour;; a violent attack or threats by one person against another person or by one country against another country

combat (noun)

fighting or a fight, especially during a time of war

entertainment (noun)

films/movies, music, etc. used to entertain people; an example of this;; the act of entertaining somebody

consecutive (adjective)

following one after another in a series, without interruption

briefly (adverb)

for a short time;; in few words

exclusively (adverb)

for only one particular person, group or use;; completely; without including anybody or anything else

because (conjunction)

for the reason that

basic (adjective)

forming the part of something that is most necessary and from which other things develop;; of the simplest kind or at the simplest level;; necessary and important to all people;; before anything extra is added

along (preposition)

from one end to or towards the other end of something;; in a line that follows the side of something long;; at a particular point on or beside something long

across (adverb)

from one side to the other side;; in a particular direction towards or at somebody/something;; opposite;; written from side to side

exotic (adjective)

from or in another country, especially a tropical one; seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countries

colourful (adjective)

full of bright colours or having a lot of different colours;; interesting or exciting; full of variety, sometimes in a way that is slightly shocking

bright (adjective)

full of light; shining strongly;; strong and easy to see;; cheerful and lively;; intelligent; quick to learn;; giving reason to believe that good things will happen; likely to be successful;; a good or pleasant part of something that is unpleasant or bad in all other ways;; very early in the morning;; intelligent and quick to understand;; the excitement of city life;; a lively and intelligent person, especially somebody young;; to be cheerful or positive about a bad situation, for example by thinking only of the advantages and not the disadvantages

amusing (adjective)

funny and enjoyable

ahead (adverb)

further forward in space or time; in front;; earlier;; winning; further advanced

broadly (adverb)

generally, without considering details;; if you smile broadly, you smile with your mouth stretched very wide because you are very pleased or amused

careful (adjective)

giving attention or thought to what you are doing so that you avoid hurting yourself, damaging something or doing something wrong;; giving a lot of attention to details;; not spending money on unimportant things;; used to warn somebody that they should take care to avoid danger or problems

detailed (adjective)

giving many details and a lot of information; paying great attention to details

enjoyable (adjective)

giving pleasure

bye (exclamation)

goodbye

considerable (adjective)

great in amount, size, importance, etc.

excessive (adjective)

greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate

constant (adjective)

happening all the time or repeatedly;; that does not change

current (adjective)

happening now; of the present time;; being used by or accepted by most people

common (adjective)

happening often; existing in large numbers or in many places;; shared by or belonging to two or more people or by the people in a group;; ordinary; not unusual or special;; typical of somebody from a low social class and not having good manners;; to be something that everyone knows, especially in a particular community or group;; ordinary; with no special features;; the ability of a powerful or famous person to talk to and understand ordinary people;; to be united with somebody about something that you both agree on, believe in or wish to achieve

annual (adjective)

happening or done once every year;; relating to a period of one year

direct (adjective)

happening or done without involving other people, actions, etc. in between;; going in the straightest line between two places without stopping or changing direction;; with nothing between something and the source of the heat or light;; saying exactly what you mean in a way that nobody can pretend not to understand;; exact;; related through parents and children rather than brothers, sisters, aunts, etc.

continuous (adjective)

happening or existing for a period of time without interruption;; spreading in a line or over an area without any spaces;; repeated many times

daily (adjective)

happening, done or produced every day;; connected with one day's work;; the basic things that you need to live, especially food

cheerful (adjective)

happy, and showing it by the way that you behave;; giving you a feeling of happiness

cruel (adjective)

having a desire to cause pain and suffering;; causing pain or suffering

deep (adjective)

having a large distance from the top or surface to the bottom;; having a large distance from the front edge to the furthest point inside;; used to describe or ask about the depth of something;; as far up or down as the point mentioned;; in the number of rows mentioned, one behind the other;; taking in or giving out a lot of air;; low;; strong and dark;; a person in a deep sleep is difficult to wake;; extreme or serious;; strongly felt;; showing great knowledge or understanding;; difficult to understand;; fully involved in an activity or a state;; if a person is deep, they hide their real feelings and opinions;; to or from a position far down or across the field;; in a difficult situation where there are two equally unpleasant or unacceptable choices;; to suddenly become very angry or emotional;; in trouble or difficulty;; in trouble;; to start or be made to start a new and difficult activity that you are not prepared for

covered (adjective)

having a layer or amount of something on it;; having a roof over it;; having a layer of the thing mentioned on or around something

curly (adjective)

having a lot of curls or a curved shape

crowded (adjective)

having a lot of people or too many people;; full of something

busy (adjective)

having a lot to do; perhaps not free to do something else because you are working on something;; spending a lot of time on something;; full of people, activity, vehicles, etc.;; full of work and activity;; being used;; too full of small details;; very busy;; to find enough things to do

cold (adjective)

having a lower than usual temperature; having a temperature lower than the human body;; not heated; cooled after being cooked;; without emotion; unfriendly;; seeming to lack warmth, in an unpleasant way;; not easy to find;; used in children's games to say that the person playing is not close to finding a person or thing, or to guessing the correct answer;; unconscious;; facts with nothing added to make them more interesting or pleasant;; to change your opinion about something often;; a person who seems unfriendly and without strong emotions;; to suddenly become nervous about doing something that you had planned to do;; to treat somebody in an unfriendly way;; to experience a sudden feeling of fear or anxiety;; acting in a way that is deliberately cruel; with no pity;; when you have had time to think calmly about something; in the morning when things are clearer;; to fail to affect or interest somebody;; to make somebody very frightened or fill them with horror;; to give reasons for not being in favour of something; to criticize something

coloured (adjective)

having a particular colour or different colours;; from a race that does not have white skin;; (in South Africa) having parents who are of different races

distinctive (adjective)

having a quality or characteristic that makes something different and easily noticed

curved (adjective)

having a round shape

curious (adjective)

having a strong desire to know about something;; strange and unusual

delicious (adjective)

having a very pleasant taste or smell;; extremely pleasant or enjoyable

beautiful (adjective)

having beauty; pleasing to the senses or to the mind;; very good or skilful

automatic (adjective)

having controls that work without needing a person to operate them;; done or happening without thinking;; always happening as a result of a particular action or situation

drunk (adjective)

having drunk so much alcohol that it is impossible to think or speak clearly;; in a great state of excitement because of a particular emotion or situation;; extremely drunk;; very drunk;; extremely drunk and noisy

competent (adjective)

having enough skill or knowledge to do something well or to the necessary standard;; of a good standard but not very good;; having the power to decide something

educated (adjective)

having had the kind of education mentioned; having been to the school, college or university mentioned;; having had a high standard of education; showing a high standard of education;; a guess that is based on some degree of knowledge, and is therefore likely to be correct

experienced (adjective)

having knowledge or skill in a particular job or activity;; having knowledge as a result of doing something for a long time, or having had a lot of different experiences

electronic (adjective)

having or using many small parts, such as microchips, that control and direct a small electric current;; concerned with electronic equipment

angry (adjective)

having strong feelings about something that you dislike very much or about an unfair situation;; red and infected;; dark and stormy

capable (adjective)

having the ability or qualities necessary for doing something;; having the ability to do things well

blue (adjective)

having the colour of a clear sky or the sea/ocean on a clear day;; looking slightly blue in colour because the person is cold or cannot breathe easily;; sad;; films/movies, jokes or stories that are blue are about sex;; (of an area in the US) having more people who vote for the Democratic candidate than the Republican one;; in a difficult situation where there are two equally unpleasant or unacceptable choices;; (to hit somebody until they are) covered with bruises (= blue, brown or purple marks on the body);; a complete difference or separation;; to try to do something as hard and as long as you possibly can but without success;; very rarely;; to scream loudly and for a long time, especially in order to protest about something

brown (adjective)

having the colour of earth or coffee;; having skin that is naturally brown or has been made brown by the sun;; thinking deeply so that you do not notice what is happening around you

advanced (adjective)

having the most modern and recently developed ideas, methods, etc.;; at a high or difficult level;; at a late stage of development;; used in polite expressions to describe somebody as 'very old'

black (adjective)

having the very darkest colour, like coal or the sky at night;; without light; completely dark;; belonging to a race of people who have dark skin; connected with black people;; without milk;; very dirty; covered with dirt;; full of anger or hatred;; without hope; very depressing;; evil or immoral;; dealing with unpleasant or terrible things, such as murder, in a humorous way;; (to hit somebody until they are) covered with bruises (= blue, brown or purple marks on the body);; not as bad as people say he/she/it is;; used to say that you should not criticize somebody for a fault that you have yourself

dual (adjective)

having two parts or aspects

assistance (noun)

help or support

backing (noun)

help;; material attached to the back of something in order to protect it or make it stronger;; (especially in pop music) music that accompanies the main singer or tune

extent (noun)

how large, important, serious, etc. something is;; the physical size of an area;; used to show how far something is true or how great an effect it has

copyright (noun)

if a person or an organization holds the copyright on a piece of writing, music, etc., they are the only people who have the legal right to publish, broadcast, perform it, etc., and other people must ask their permission to use it or any part of it

associated (adjective)

if one thing is associated with another, the two things are connected because they happen together or one thing causes the other;; if a person is associated with an organization, etc. they support it;; used in the name of a business company that is made up of a number of smaller companies

based (adjective)

if one thing is based on another, it uses it or is developed from it;; if a person or business is based in a particular place, that is where they live or work, or where the work of the business is done;; containing something as an important part or feature

deserve (verb)

if somebody/something deserves something, it is right that they should have it, because of the way they have behaved or because of what they are;; used to say that you admire somebody because they have done something difficult or unpleasant;; used to say that you think somebody has earned the bad things that happen to them;; you should help somebody who has helped you

bounce (verb)

if something bounces or you bounce it, it moves quickly away from a surface it has just hit or you make it do this;; to jump up and down on something;; to move a child up and down while he or she is sitting on your knee in order to entertain him or her;; to move up and down; to move something up and down;; to move up and down in a particular direction;; to move somewhere in a lively and cheerful way;; if a cheque bounces, or a bank bounces it, the bank refuses to accept it because there is not enough money in the bank account to pay it;; to tell somebody your ideas in order to find out what they think about them;; if an email bounces or the system bounces it, it returns to the person who sent it because the system cannot deliver it;; to force somebody to leave a job, team, place, etc.;; to leave a place or group of people;; to be so full of energy or so excited that you cannot keep still

contain (verb)

if something contains something else, it has that thing inside it or as part of it;; to keep your feelings under control;; to prevent something harmful from spreading or getting worse

arrest (verb)

if the police arrest somebody, the person is taken to a police station and kept there because the police believe they may be guilty of a crime;; to stop a process or a development;; to make somebody notice something and pay attention to it;; if somebody arrests, their heart stops beating

disagree (verb)

if two people disagree or one person disagrees with another about something, they have a different opinion about it;; if statements or reports disagree, they give different information

attract (verb)

if you are attracted by something, it interests you and makes you want it; if you are attracted by somebody, you like or admire them;; to make somebody/something come somewhere or take part in something;; to make people have a particular reaction;; if a magnet or gravity attracts something, it makes it move towards it;; used to say that people who are very different are often attracted to each other

determined (adjective)

if you are determined to do something, you have made a firm decision to do it and you will not let anyone prevent you;; showing a person's determination to do something;; very determined to do something

beneficial (adjective)

improving a situation; having a helpful or useful effect

differently (adverb)

in a different way from somebody/something

directly (adverb)

in a direct line or manner;; exactly in a particular position;; immediately;; soon

efficiently (adverb)

in a good and thorough way, with no waste of time, money or energy