P101D Chapter 3

Angelo realizes that sucking a pacifier is different from sucking a nipple. Angelo is in stage _____ of sensorimotor intelligence. two one four six

2

Sarah weighed 7 pounds at birth and now weighs 28 pounds. She is most likely: 2 years old. 4 years old. 18 months old. 36 months old.

2 years old

Tom is a 1-year-old boy who weighed eight pounds at birth. He is now likely to weigh about _____ pounds.

24

Seven-month-old Francisca is attempting to interact with her smiling mother. She is demonstrating an ability that typically first occurs in stage _____ of sensorimotor development. one two three five

3

Some experiments have revealed that children show evidence of memory as early as _____ months of age.

3

Matias is 7-months-old. If he is a typical baby, his parents can expect him to have reached the stage of language development where he is able to _____.

babble

Research supporting the behaviorist view of language acquisition shows that infants who know the most words had more _____ mothers.

responsive

Nine-year-old Naledi, who is severely underweight for her age, often eats only a bowl of rice a day. She is suffering from a form of malnutrition called _____.

wasting

Tyrese was sitting in his high chair and eating dry cereal on his own. Tyrese looked at the small pieces and was able to coordinate his fingers in order to pick up each piece and put it in his mouth. This is an example of _____ motor skills.

fine

Consider newborns in developed nations who survive their first month of life. About what proportion of these infants will fail to survive to adulthood? 1 in 100 1 in 1,000 1 in 10,000 1 in 500

1 in 1,000

Scholars have attempted to integrate theories of language development into one theory known as: hybrid theory. cognitive theory. grand theory. language acquisition theory.

hybrid theory

Crawling depends on coordination and _____ strength.

muscle

Sally's weight has tripled since she was born. This gain is typical of a child who is: 6 months old 2 years old 1 year old 3 years old

1 year

Sri is 2 years old. This means he is probably _____ times heavier than he was at birth.

4

At the age of two, Maude is 2' 8" tall. By the time she reaches adulthood, her height will likely be approximately: 5' 6" 5' 4' 10" 5' 10"

5'6"

Stage _____ of sensorimotor intelligence occurs between about 18 and 24 months of age. five three six

6

Which infant is MOST likely to remember that he or she had previously been able to make a mobile move by kicking his or her legs? An infant who is placed in the same room that he or she was in when the original experience with the mobile took place. An infant who is placed in a different room from the one where the original experience with the mobile took place. An infant who is shown the moving mobile as a reminder of the previous experience. An infant who is placed in the same room that he or she was in when the original experience with the mobile took place and who is shown the moving mobile as a reminder of the previous experience.

An infant who is placed in the same room that he or she was in when the original experience with the mobile took place and who is shown the moving mobile as a reminder of the previous experience.

According to _____, infant communication progresses because of the reinforcement of babbling. Ivan Pavlov B.F. Skinner Noam Chomsky Jerome Bruner

B.F. Skinner

The psychologist named _____ argued that language development reflects operant conditioning.

B.F. Skinner

Jeannie is 12-months-old and is participating in a study of language at a research university. Who is most likely to understand Jeannie's utterances? Dr. Ahmad, a 20-year expert in linguistics Leon, a third-year graduate student in linguistics LeAnn, Jeannie's grandmother who is visiting for the first time since Jeannie was born Cheryl, Jeannie's 29-year-old mother

Cheryl, Jeannie's 29-year-old mother

The linguistic theorist _____ coined the term "language acquisition device."

Chomsky

Which of the following statements about neurons is true? Most neurons are created before birth. About 25 percent of neurons are located in the cortex. There are no neurons in the brain stem. The rate of neuronal production peaks during the second year of life.

Most neurons are created before birth.

Dr. Donaldson believes that infants are active learners from birth, through their senses and motor skills. His views most closely align with those of: Lev Vygotsky. B.F. Skinner. Jean Piaget. Sigmund Freud.

Piaget

What is the proposed explanation for some babies initially learning verbs and nouns at different rates? Some cultures do not allow adjectives to be spoken to children. In some cultures, things are not given real names. Some languages place verbs in various places within sentences and their forms change in illogical ways, making them difficult to learn. Some languages do not use verbs.

Some languages place verbs in various places within sentences and their forms change in illogical ways, making them difficult to learn.

Which of the following statements regarding problems with immunization is NOT true? The hypothesis that the MMR vaccine causes autism has been disproved. The risks of disease are less than the risks associated with immunization. Doctors fear that the success of vaccines has made parents less vigilant. Because smallpox was eradicated worldwide as of 1971, the United States no longer requires children to receive the smallpox vaccine.

The risks of disease are less than the risks associated with immunization.

At home, 3-year-old Mathilde's parents speak both French and English, but Mathilde's grandmother only speaks English. If asked a question by her grandmother, Mathilde is likely to: not answer because she does not have language. answer using only English words. answer using only French words. answer using both French and English words.

answer using only English words

Anong, who is breast-feeding her infant daughter, had measles as a child. Her daughter will be protected from the disease because of the _____ in Anong's breast milk. antibodies vitamins iron sterility

antibodies

Janell is 12-months-old. If she is a typical baby, her parents can expect her to: be able to understand and speak some simple words. be able to understand simple words. be able to understand simple words and point. be able to communicate using two-word sentences.

be able to understand and speak some simple words

_____ emphasize that a mother or father who gives reinforcement will stimulate a child's communication skills. Cognitive psychologists Pragmatists Psychoanalysts Behaviorists

behaviorist

Binocular vision is absent at: 4 months. birth. 20 weeks. 6 months.

birth

Information-processing theory compares human thinking to: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. computer functioning. evolutionary theory. the principles of behaviorism.

computer functioning

Infants with bilingual mothers prefer both languages their mother speaks and are able to _____ between them.

differentiate

Jack is attempting to replicate an experiment in which some baby mice were licked and nuzzled by their mothers constantly and some were neglected. Jack noted that when a mother mouse licks her newborn babies, that action reduced methylation of a gene, allowing increased serotonin to be released by the hypothalamus. The serotonin not only increased momentary pleasure but also started a chain of epigenetic responses that reduced stress hormones from many parts of the brain and body. Jack's subsequent experiments with the mice seem to indicate that the effects were lifelong. Jack's experiment seems to imply that: every experience that a person has, especially in the early days and months, affects brain pattern. genetics is the decisive element in brain development. baby mice may show some delayed neuron growth but no lasting damage if normal nurturing proceeds after the experiment. rapid growth and refinement in axons, dendrites, and synapses occur in mammalian brains regardless of nature or nurture.

every experience that a person has, especially in the early days and months, affects brain pattern.

When infants master the pincer movement, they can: crawl. feed themselves. walk unassisted. sit without support.

feed themselves

Kissing is an example of a _____ motor skill.

fine

Word order, prefixes, suffixes, intonation, verb forms, pronouns, negations, prepositions, and articles are parts of a language's _____.

grammar

At 12 months, Toni was malnourished. His body stopped growing, but his brain did not. This supports the concept of: wasting. stunting. head-sparing. atrophy.

head-sparing

Meena cannot be vaccinated because of her allergies, but she is protected to some degree from catching childhood diseases because of _____ immunity, which means that at least 90 percent of people in her local community have been immunized. tribe group herd collective

herd

Juan is 15-months-old and calls his teddy bear his "bibi." This is an example of a: hybrid theory. babble. hologram. holophrase.

holophase

Stella had mumps when she was young, and started showing signs of schizophrenia at 20. Her parents now question their decision not to _____ her as a child because mumps seems to correlate with a higher risk of schizophrenia.

immunize

Ninety-three percent of children in the poorest nations now survive, while just a few decades ago many infants died. This is best explained by: the eradication of cholera. improvements in public health measures. an increase in breast-feeding. an increase in the number of health workers.

improvements in public health measures.

Professor Norman frequently uses examples of how computers analyze data to help the class understand how human memory works. Professor Norman evidently is an advocate of: dynamic perception theory. information-processing theory. Jean Piaget. James Gibson.

information-processing theory

Mike and Cynthia are bankers and both earn a great deal of money. They are determined not to deny their children anything that money can buy. Consequently, they have bought their children a multitude of spinning, buzzing, multitextured, and multicolored toys. Mike and Cynthia are convinced that their children will grow up to be geniuses. The text suggests such toys: may be a waste of time and money since infants can be overstimulated by them. are incredibly important to child development because most infants are bored by simple objects and facial expressions. help to explain why the richest people in the world have the smartest children. can harm a child because overstimulation can lead to permanent brain damage.

may be a waste of time and money since infants can be overstimulated by them.

The text suggests that immunization rate is ______ correlated with infant mortality rate.

negatively

The text suggests that years of maternal education is ______ correlated with fertility rate.

negatively

Emma baby-proofed all the lower cabinets in her kitchen when her son began to crawl. She knew his recognition, or _____, of stimuli was more advanced than his _____, or the ability to think about them. perception; sensation cognition; perception cognition; sensation perception; cognition

perception; cognition

The text suggests that infant mortality is ______ correlated with fertility rate.

positively

Rebecca is very organized. She has set aside specific hours for studying and knows when she has had enough to eat. This behavior can be explained by a mature: brain stem. primary motor cortex. auditory cortex. prefrontal cortex.

prefrontal cortex

Dead-heading a flower, or taking off the dead bloom to make way for new growth, is similar to the process in the brain called _____. This occurs when unused neurons and misconnected dendrites die to enable new brain activity.

pruning

Adam, who is a few weeks old, learned to distinguish patterns of sounds and syllables after: becoming accustomed to language rules. the second trimester of pregnancy. recognizing the rhythm of spoken words. being soothed by rhythmic sounds.

recognizing the rhythm of spoken words

Cries, movements, and facial expressions are examples of what developmentalists call _____.

reflexive communication

According to B. F. Skinner, infant communication progresses because of speech _____.

reinforcement

Any perceptual experience that helps people recollect an idea, a thing, or an event is known as a(n): explicit memory. implicit memory. memory cue. reminder session.

reminded session

Research has demonstrated that infants as young as three months can remember after two weeks if provided with a _____ session.

reminder

_____ circular reaction is characterized by infants' responses to people and objects.

secondary

Emma is learning to walk. When she loses her balance, she falls and stands up again. She is displaying an inborn drive known as _____.

self-righting

The response of a sensory system (eyes, ears, skin tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus is called: touch. sensation. sight. perception.

sensation

Two-month-old Maggie smiles indiscriminatingly at everyone she sees and puts everything she can grasp in her mouth. The reason she is not more selective is because: perception precedes sensation. cognition precedes perception. cognition precedes sensation. sensation precedes perception.

sensation precedes perception.

Jean Piaget's term to describe the way infants think by using their _____ and motor skills is sensorimotor intelligence. language memory senses reflexes

senses

Four-year-old Mosola, who lives in western Africa, is short for his age. He often has only one bowl of yams a day to eat. He could be suffering from the condition called _____.

stunting

Michael and Diane, who celebrated their wedding anniversary with a bottle of champagne and some vodka shots, will be sharing their bed with their 2-month-old daughter. Doctors fear this situation could put the infant in danger of: child abuse. sudden infant death. malnutrition. fetal alcohol syndrome.

sudden infant death

Jean Piaget's fifth and sixth stages make up the last major period of sensorimotor intelligence, marked by: deferred circular reactions. primary circular reactions. secondary circular reactions. tertiary circular reactions.

tertiary circular reactions.

Object permanence refers to: an opportunity for perception and action offered by something in the environment. the process of getting used to something after experiencing it repeatedly. the awareness that objects or people continue to exist when they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard. a child watching someone perform an action and then performing the same action at a later point in time.

the awareness that objects or people continue to exist when they can no longer be seen, touched, or heard.

When an infant's nutrition is so inadequate that it affects physical growth, which part of the body is "spared"? the lungs the heart the brain the liver

the brain