PAD 3003 Week 5
__________ ____________ was a precursor to human relation theory
Mary Follet
__________ ______________ wrote about this in the book "The Giving of Orders" Importance of effective leadership Leaders must be able to unify, resolve conflicts, motivate employees.
Mary Follet
who said in the book "The Giving of Orders": Importance of effective leadership Leaders must be able to unify, resolve conflicts, motivate employees.
Mary Follet
who wrote "Principles of Scientific Management"
Fredrick Taylor
Fredrick Taylor wrote ________________ _____ _______________ ___________________
Principles of scientific management
Don't ask don't tell became a law in
1994
Under policy, homosexuals (and bisexuals) may serve as long as they tell no one about their sexual orientation, refrain from ''homosexual acts'' and forgo homosexual marriage
don't ask, don't tell
max weber wrote ______________ ______ _____________
economics and society
max weber said "Bureaucracies are machine-like structures, with _________________ is at the heart"
efficiency
quality circle allows problems to be solved by ______________
everyone
who believed what worked for a factory could do the same for a homestead
lillian gilbreth
theory x is based on _____________
maslow
worker incentives theorized by chester barnard (MDIHOA)
material, desirable work conditions, ideal benefactions (believing their work matters), habit conformity, opportunity for participation, associational attractiveness,
who wrote "Economics and Society" said bureaucratic models have hierarchical elements, which makes authority (power / decision making) centralized.
max weber
scientific is also known as
taylorism
the 5 fundamental parts of organization (structural theory) ___________ and ______________ are outside of operating core hierarchical structure
techno, support
one of the 5 fundamental parts of organization (structural theory) analysts responsible for training, standardizing work procedures and general planning
technostructure
Theory Y vs. X Assumes individuals dislike work and avoid whenever possible Intense supervision necessary Due to shunning of responsibility Work motivated through economic factors, threats, punishment Classic weberian model, quasi military structure, authoritarian
theory X
theory X vs. Y Open Model Individuals enjoy work and embrace responsibility Capable of self-direction, not micromanaged Possess ingenuity to solve complex problems through creativity Workers should have the space to achieve individual goals through self-directed efforts
theory Y
MacArthur sent him over to revive Japan's economy as quickly as possible Needed to trade rather than rely on own resources to thrive, though it's poor reputation on quality was an issue a Statistician who was assigned to teach better quality control methods to Japanese industrial leaders in 1948 to teach continued process improvement via statistical methods
Deming
management science inquiry be concerned only with facts a part of neoclassical theory
Fact value dichotomy
Holzer and Schwester's big 10 (POSDCORB) is inspired by
Fayol
what great entrepreneur followed taylorism
Henry Ford
Theory _ = external controls
X
Theory _ = self direction
Y
Theory x is an ________________ style
authoritarian
A perfect ___________________ was something Max Weber actually feared! No moral choices, run like a machine
bureaucracy
who stresses that monetary and non-monetary incentives help to secure greater worker cooperation, in turn making an organization more stable and more likely to see greater worker performance. Gives 8 types of worker incentives.
chester barnard
who theorized quality circle
deming
Philosophy that everyone should plan, collect data, analyze, construct the work, keep circle rotating to maintain quality in the company
deming wheel
a part of the systems theory means organization collects and analyzes data regarding impact of its outputs
feedback mechanism
Father of the Scientific Management Movement
fredrick taylor
one type of worker incentive type that chester barnard theorized The ability to work with people that have compatible values Continual and improved working conditions (organizational culture) The opportunity to contribute to a vision of a company via large projects or general input The opportunity to feel comradery and social comfort within a work setting.
general
experiment where Western electric company examined impact of light amplification Found it wasn't that which made a difference but notion that workers knew they were being recorded, thus worked differently Attention matters most
hawthorn experiments
what two people were big on the neoclassical theory
herbet simon, robert merton
Mary follet was a precursor to _____________ ____________ _____________
human relation theory
a part of the systems theory Organizational resources
inputs
a type of system in structural theory Defined roles, hierarchical formal and top down
mechanistic
a type of system in structural theory better suited for stable environments
mechanistic
two types of systems in structural theory
mechanistic, organic
one of the 5 fundamental parts of organization (structural theory) Middle management, supervising operating core while taking direction from strategic
middle line
__________ __________ focused on fatigue, least amount of steps to complete a task
motion studies
theory that principles are merely proverbs, as none of the terms of truly scientific said being trained as a "machine" limits one's full capacities. Adaptability becomes limited, which is against what organizations are needed to be says bureaucracy goes against democracy
neoclassical theory
History of Don't ask Don't tell: in 1950, President Harry Truman signs "Uniform Code of Military Justice........Sets up discharge rules of people that engage in homosexual activity. in 1982, President Reagan states "homosexuality is incompatible with military service" People who engaged in homosexual behavior should be discharged
ok
a criticism of gulick and urwick is that administration is simply not that easy to breakdown
ok
one of the 5 fundamental parts of organization (structural theory) Front-line workers
operating core
a type of system in structural theory Worker roles and responsibilities less defined, communication is informal and bottom up, more decentralized
organic
a type of system in structural theory better suited for unstable environments with a lot of change
organic
It deals with welcoming new or outside elements into an organization's leadership decision-making structure. It's purpose is to help an organization identify and protect itself from outside threats. introduced by phillip selznick part of neoclassical theory
organizational co-optation
theory that attempts to ensure that worker interests are consistent with organizational interests, personified by the organizational leader's interests.
organizational economic theory
a part of the systems theory goods or services organization produces
output
who invented organizational co-optation
phillip selznick
Holzer and Schwester said there are these 5 elements of management (POCCC)
planning, organizing, command, control, coordination
Holzer and Schwester: Gulick POSDCORB stands for
planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, budgeting
theory that monetarily compensating agents in manner that influences the interests of agents allows interests of agents to converge with interest of principals Implement oversight mechanisms that make sure agents perform as expected
principal agent theory
What an organization does with resources a part of the systems theory
processes
a small group of employees that work on similar tasks and meet to solve work-related issues. deming theorized this NOT for venting
quality circle
____________ ______________ focused on welcoming outsiders in to prevent groupthink, a specialized kind of conformity that forms in highly cohesive groups, gets in way of critical analysis
robert merton
fredrick taylor believed in ___________________ ____________________ Scientifically select, train and develop each worker rather than passively leaving them to train themselves Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and workers actually perform the tasks
scientific management (taylorism)
holzer and schwester believed in the importance of ______________
specialization
one type of worker incentive type that chester barnard theorized Money and other material items Awards / Attention for a job well done Improved physical work conditions Ability to achieve and / or maintain pride in one's work
specific
two types of worker incentives that chester barnard theorized
specific, general
one of the 5 fundamental parts of organization (structural theory) Organization's upper level or executive leadership
strategic apex
theory that assumes organizations are rational in that they function to accomplish specific goals and objectives Every organization, there is believed to be a best structure, organization dysfunction can be corrected through structural changes
structural theory
one of the 5 fundamental parts of organization (structural theory) Public relations, legal aid, and other services (mail, food service, custodial)
support staff
theory that focused on organization comprised of several interconnected parts, designed to achieve broader organizational goals and objectives Looks at orgs in terms of inputs, processes outputs, and feedback mechanism Inputs feed to processes which feeds to outputs which generate feedback which cycle to org inputs
systems theory
