P&C Insurance

Gertrude's television set was stolen from her home. She bought it five years ago, which is half the TV's expected 10-year lifespan. A similar TV costs $1,200 today. Using the actual cash value loss valuation method, how much will Gertrude recover for this loss? -$1,200 less deductible -$600 less deductible -$800 less deductible -salvage value

$600 less deductible

Excelsior Insurance Company wrote premiums of $100 million last year and incurred expenses of $40 million in that same time period. What is this insurer's expense ratio? -25% -40% -75% -80%

40%

Donaldson Insurance Company had earned premiums of $100 million last year and incurred losses of $75 million in that same time period. What is this insurer's loss ratio? -75% -25% -100% -7.5%

75%

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between an open perils policy and a named perils policy? -A named perils policy covers many more causes of loss than an open perils policy. -A named perils policy requires the policyowner to show the cause of loss is covered, while the insurer has the burden of proving that the loss is excluded with an open perils policy. -A named peril policy excludes certain types of peril, while an open perils policy covers virtually every possible cause of loss. -Open peril policies are less expensive than named peril policies.

A named perils policy requires the policyowner to show the cause of loss is covered, while the insurer has the burden of proving that the loss is excluded with an open perils policy.

How does an insurance rate differ from an insurance premium? -A rate is the price of insurance for each unit of exposure. A premium is a periodic payment for insurance coverage. -There is essentially no difference between them. -A rate is the final calculation of what the cost of insurance will be. -Premiums include loss costs and expenses, but rates do not.

A rate is the price of insurance for each unit of exposure. A premium is a periodic payment for insurance coverage.

Which of the following statements regarding written and oral binders is correct? -Only a written binder is legally binding, but an oral binder is acceptable as long as the insurer finds no errors in the application. -Both types are legally binding, but a written binder is preferable because it reduces the likelihood of a dispute over terms. -Only a written binder is legally binding, and oral binders should be avoided because they can later be denied by the insurer. -Neither type is legally binding, but a written binder is preferable because it is easier to defend if the insurer later declines to accept it.

Both types are legally binding, but a written binder is preferable because it reduces the likelihood of a dispute over terms.

Samantha causes an auto accident. An injured party makes a claim against her for $30,000. She discovers that she has two concurrent policies that provide coverage. The limit of liability for Company A's policy is $50,000 while the limit of liability for Company B's policy is $100,000. How will the companies pay the claim? -Each company pays one-half of the claim, or $15,000. -Company A pays $10,000 and Company B pays $20,000. -Company A pays the entire $30,000 because it is within the limit of liability of $50,000. -Company B pays the entire $30,000 because it has the greater limit of liability.

Company A pays $10,000 and Company B pays $20,000.

With respect to the tort of negligence, all the following statements regarding the different types of damages are correct EXCEPT: -Special damages are awarded to an injured party for measurable losses. -Compensatory damages is another term for punitive damages. -General damages are awarded to an injured party to compensate for pain and suffering which cannot be measured in dollars and cents. -Punitive damages are amounts a defendant is required to pay as punishment for committing a civil wrong in a deliberate manner.

Compensatory damages is another term for punitive damages.

All of the following statements regarding the rights of a mortgagee under the standard mortgage clause in a property insurance policy are correct EXCEPT: -Payment for loss to the mortgaged property is made to the mortgagee as well as the insured. -Exclusions that apply to the insured do not apply to the mortgagee. -The mortgagee remains covered if the policy is voided by some act of the insured. -The mortgagee will have advance written notice of a policy cancellation.

Exclusions that apply to the insured do not apply to the mortgagee.

When the city fire department inspects his house after a fire, the inspector tells the insured that city ordinances require him to update the electrical system when he repairs the damage. How will a homeowners policy respond to the costs for updating the electrical system? -It covers the costs associated with ordinance compliance, but not for repairing the fire damage. -It excludes the fire and all related costs. -It covers the fire and all related costs. -It eliminates coverage for the additional costs needed to comply with the new ordinance.

It eliminates coverage for the additional costs needed to comply with the new ordinance.

Carol buys a policy in her name to insure a neighbor's home because he is unable to afford the coverage. The home is destroyed by a fire and Carol tries to collect the insurance proceeds. Will she be able to collect them? -Yes, because she paid for the policy. -No, because she did not have an insurable interest in the home. -No, because she committed fraud. -Yes, because the insurance was a gift to the neighbor.

No, because she did not have an insurable interest in the home.

Ron bought a homeowners policy for the house he and his wife Sue own jointly. Sue noticed that only Ron's name is listed as an insured in the declarations. What should she do, if anything, to make sure she is also recognized as an insured? -She must have her name added through an endorsement to the policy to obtain coverage. -Nothing. The named insured's spouse is also considered a named insured in a homeowners policy. -She must buy a separate homeowners policy in her name. -She must qualify for coverage before she can be added to the policy.

Nothing. The named insured's spouse is also considered a named insured in a homeowners policy.

Which of the following correctly explains the difference between the stated amount loss valuation method and the agreed value method? -Policyowner may recover less than the listed amount under the stated amount method, and would recover the listed amount under the agreed value method. -Policyowner would recover the same amount with both approaches. -Policyowner would recover the listed amount under the stated amount method and may receive less than the listed amount under the agreed value. -Policyowner may recover less than the listed amount under the stated amount method and may receive more than the listed amount under the agreed value.

Policyowner may recover less than the listed amount under the stated amount method, and would recover the listed amount under the agreed value method.

Which of the following federal regulations requires a violent act-or an act that is dangerous to human life, property, or infrastructure-to be insured as a covered peril on certain commercial P&C insurance policies? -Fair Credit Reporting Act -Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act -Terrorism Risk Insurance Act -Federal Trade Commission Act

Terrorism Risk Insurance Act

Which of the following federal regulations requires a violent act-or an act that is dangerous to human life, property, or infrastructure-to be insured as a covered peril on certain commercial P&C insurance policies? Fair Credit Reporting Act Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act Terrorism Risk Insurance Act Federal Trade Commission Act

Terrorism Risk Insurance Act

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between an insurance rate and an insurance premium? -They are the same thing, and the terms may be used interchangeably. -The insurance rate is what the policyowner pays for the insurance and the insurance premium is an accounting term used in determining the insurer's loss ratios. -The insurance rate is the price of insurance for each unit of exposure and the premium is what the policyowner pays for the insurance. -The insurance rate is the premium minus a profit factor.

The insurance rate is the price of insurance for each unit of exposure and the premium is what the policyowner pays for the insurance.

Which of the following statements comparing the mortgage clause and a loss payable clause in a property insurance policy covering real property is correct? -Both clauses are identical with respect to the rights granted to the loss payee and the mortgagee. -The loss payee has greater rights under the policy than the mortgagee. -The mortgage clause is simply another name for the loss payable clause. -The mortgagee has more rights under the mortgage clause than the loss payee has under the loss payable clause.

The mortgagee has more rights under the mortgage clause than the loss payee has under the loss payable clause.

All of the following statements regarding property insurance policy endorsements are correct EXCEPT: -An endorsement may add exclusions to an insurance policy. -An endorsement may expand the coverage provided in the basic policy. -An endorsement may clarify the terms of an insurance policy by adding new definitions. -The wording in an insurance policy takes precedence over the wording in an endorsement attached to that policy.

The wording in an insurance policy takes precedence over the wording in an endorsement attached to that policy.

All of the following persons are entitled to coverage under a property insurance policy EXCEPT: -a mortgagee -a bailee -a loss payee -an additional insured

a bailee

Incent is a building carpenter. One of his customers has requested a document that shows evidence Vincent has liability insurance coverage in place. What type of document does Vincent need? -a policy -a certificate of insurance -an endorsement -a binder

a certificate of insurance

In determining the degree of care that is required by a property owner for the safety of people on his or her property, which of the following would be considered a trespasser? -a neighbor who "crashes" a party at the property owner's home -an online merchandize delivery person -a door-to-door salesperson -a visiting guest

a neighbor who "crashes" a party at the property owner's home

The terms "named insured" and "insured" have distinct meanings in a property or liability insurance policy. Which of the following would NOT qualify as an insured under an insurance policy? -employees of an insured business while in the course and scope of their employment -a teenage girl with a driver's license who lives with her parents -a trespasser who removes apples from a tree in the named insured's backyard -a person who drives the insured auto with permission of the named insured

a trespasser who removes apples from a tree in the named insured's backyard

The very fact of owning wolves in captivity makes the owner responsible for injuries that may occur to others from the wolves even if the owner has not been negligent, due to the doctrine of: -absolute (strict) liability -vicarious liability -negligent liability -civil liability

absolute (strict) liability

All of the following sources of information are commonly used in the underwriting review process EXCEPT: -loss history data -motor vehicle record (MVR) -academic records -credit information

academic records

When Mr. Huan's piano was damaged by vandals who broke into his house, the insurance company subtracted $200 for depreciation when it made its settlement offer. On what basis did the insurer value Mr. Huan's loss? -replacement value -market value -actual cash value -agreed value

actual cash value

Robin has a valuable porcelain collection she wants to insure. Because it's difficult to assess the collection's value, Robin and her insurer have worked out a schedule listing the value of each insured item. What valuation method have they used? -agreed value -actual cash value -market value -replacement cost

agreed value

A property or liability insurance policy may provide secondary coverages along with the main coverage in its insuring agreement through all of the following EXCEPT: -alternative payments -coverage extensions -additional coverages -supplementary payments

alternative payments

Jane's insurance policy contains a stated amount valuation provision. This provision states that she will receive the lowest of three amounts if her covered property is stolen or destroyed. Which of the following is NOT one of those three amounts? -the property's actual cash value at the time of the loss -an amount agreed upon by the insurer and Jane -the cost to repair or replace the property with similar property -the dollar amount of insurance specified in the policy schedule

an amount agreed upon by the insurer and Jane

Which of the following property insurance policy provisions describes the circumstances under which policy ownership may possibly be transferred to another party? -loss payable clause -assignment provision -no benefit to bailee provision -mortgage clause

assignment provision

Ed's home is located on several acres of land. Ed used to farm a portion of the land and keeps an old tiller machine on the property. Children from a nearby neighborhood often play on the tiller. One day a child is seriously injured while playing on the tiller. On what grounds, if any, may the child's parents sue Ed for the injuries? -intentional tort -attractive nuisance -vicarious liability -strict liability

attractive nuisance

All of the following parties can be protected by a property or casualty insurance policy without the need for a special endorsement EXCEPT: -secured creditors -bailees -mortgage holders -loss payees

bailees

In addition to a property owner, what other parties might have an insurable interest in the property? -next-door neighbor -local municipality -local political representative -bank or mortgage holder

bank or mortgage holder

All of the following are examples of a peril EXCEPT: -fire that destroys or damages property -flood that destroys or damages personal property stored in a basement -blocked exit in a burning building delaying entry to firefighters -collision of two automobiles

blocked exit in a burning building delaying entry to firefighters

Leaving snow and ice on one's sidewalk demonstrates which of the following elements of negligence? -duty of care -breach of the duty of care -causation -damages

breach of the duty of care

After Jackson's Hardware Store is closed for business, a thief breaks in and steals merchandise and cash that was left in the cash register. Which peril caused this loss? -robbery -mysterious disappearance -burglary -embezzlement

burglary

With respect to property insurance underwriting, what type of rating system is used when insureds share similar characteristics? -individual rating -class rating -group rating -state-based rating

class rating

Rob submitted a $10,000 liability claim against Steve's auto insurance policy, alleging Steve was negligent in causing an accident that traumatized Rob. When Steve's insurer paid Rob's claim, it only paid $8,000 because it had determined that Rob was 20 percent responsible for the accident. What defense against negligence did the insurer use? -gross negligence -comparative negligence -assumption of risk -contributory negligence

comparative negligence

Which of the following defenses to negligence argues that because the plaintiff's actions partly contributed to the accident, the plaintiff should bear a proportional share of the responsibility for his or her injury? -assumption of risk -contributory negligence -comparative negligence -vicarious liability

comparative negligence

Which section of an insurance policy sets forth the rules that determine what is required to qualify for coverage under the policy? -declarations -definitions -conditions -exclusions

conditions

Which of the following defenses to negligence acknowledges that while the defendant's actions directly led to the accident, the plaintiff's own actions contributed to his or her injury? -strict liability -contributory negligence -vicarious liability -assumption of risk

contributory negligence

Jackson Hardware has a basic property policy. Which of the following perils is NOT typically covered under such a policy? -riot -earthquake -smoke -sprinkler leakage

earthquake

The part of a property or liability insurance policy that modifies standard coverage is called the: -declarations -definitions -endorsements -insuring agreement

endorsements

Steam boiler explosions are covered under which of the following types of property insurance policies? -equipment breakdown policy -mechanical breakdown policy -flood insurance policy -ordinance or law endorsement

equipment breakdown policy

Which section of a property insurance policy lists perils that are NOT covered? -insuring agreement -definitions -exclusions -policy conditions

exclusions

Lucy tells you she is the only person authorized to cancel her insurance policy or make changes. Her spouse and other members of her household, who are also insured under the policy, do NOT have this authority. Lucy is the policy's: -named insured -first named insured -insured -additional insured

first named insured

Because ownership of a dog increases the likelihood of incurring a liability claim, dog ownership represents a: -peril -hazard -cause of loss -condition

hazard

Sara's insurance application was declined because of information provided in a consumer report. She is entitled to receive all the following information about the coverage denial EXCEPT: -the fact that her application was declined based on the information in the report -the name of the reporting agency -the address and phone number of the reporting agency -identification of the investigator who collected the information

identification of the investigator who collected the information

Malcolm Enterprises sustains a serious fire loss to its factory. Operations are suspended for several weeks while repairs are made. During this time, Malcolm Enterprises cannot produce the goods they sell and will lose considerable income. How would you describe the loss of income? -proximate loss -direct loss -covered loss -indirect loss

indirect loss

Washington Insurance Company has established the cost of a liability insurance policy at $8.00 per $1,000 of coverage purchased. Which of the following terms correctly describes that $8 value? -contract fee -base premium -exposure factor -insurance rate

insurance rate

All of the following are elements of negligence EXCEPT: -duty of care -breach of the duty of care -intent -damages

intent

All of the following are elements of the tort of negligence EXCEPT: -breach of duty of care -causation -intent -damages

intent

Which of the following property insurance exclusions would eliminate coverage for damage to house siding caused by drops of condensation falling from a window air conditioner? -leakage or seepage exclusion -mechanical breakdown exclusion -wear and tear exclusion -flood exclusion

leakage or seepage exclusion

Which of the following property insurance policy clauses ensures that a loss payee will be included in any claim payment related to the insured property? -loss payable clause -mortgage clause -additional insured endorsement -bailee provision

loss payable clause

An insurer's profitability is determined by its combined ratio, which is equal to the insurer's: -incurred losses minus premium reserves -expense ratio minus net reserves -incurred expenses plus written premium -loss ratio plus expense ratio

loss ratio plus expense ratio

What property insurance exclusion, if any, might eliminate coverage for clean-up costs associated with a mice infestation in a home? -none; the loss would be covered -maintenance or wear-and-tear -building ordinance or law -artificially generated electrical current

maintenance or wear-and-tear

Sheila lives in New Mexico in a home constructed of adobe. What basic type of construction is her home? -frame -masonry veneer -masonry -superior (non-combustible or fire-resistive)

masonry

Allie was shopping at the mall on a busy Saturday afternoon. She wore a bracelet with expensive charms attached to it, which she set down on a store counter as she was examining new charms. When she looked up, the bracelet was gone. Which of the following types of crime perils applies to this loss? -theft -burglary -robbery -mysterious disappearance

mysterious disappearance

Zach is named on the declarations page of his homeowners insurance policy, but his wife is not. Which of the following terms correctly applies to Zach's wife in the policy? -additional insured -beneficiary -an insured -named insured

named insured

Jack takes his computer to Atlas Computer Repair to have it repaired. The computer is damaged while at the repair shop. Atlas tells Jack that his homeowners coverage will cover Atlas since Atlas is a third-party beneficiary of the policy. What provision in Jack's homeowners policy will eliminate coverage in this situation? -loss payee clause -no benefit to bailee clause -liberalization clause -definitions

no benefit to bailee clause

A pipe suddenly bursts in a basement and floods an area where new carpeting was recently installed. What exclusion, if any, might eliminate coverage? -leakage or seepage -flood -none, because the loss would be covered -wear and tear

none, because the loss would be covered

Chad's home suffered severe water damage while he was negotiating its sale. The real estate sales contract had only been signed by Chad at the time the damage occurred. Who will be able to collect insurance to repair this damaged property? -only Chad, the current owner of the property -both Chad and the buyer -only the buyer -the buyer and the buyer's mortgage company

only Chad, the current owner of the property

Sean posts a notice on the bulletin board at his apartment complex to advertise the sale of his car, noting that he will transfer the remaining eight months of his auto insurance policy to the new owner. How may Sean assign his auto insurance policy? -only with the written consent of the insurer -only if the purchaser agrees to this transfer -only if the purchaser pays additional consideration for this assignment -only if the seller purchases eight months of coverage for the buyer

only with the written consent of the insurer

To identify what perils they cover, property insurance policies use either the named perils approach or the: -specified perils approach -unspecified perils approach -open perils approach -closed perils approach

open perils approach

Although the direct damage to a building caused by an explosion may be covered under a property insurance policy, what exclusion might rule out coverage for costs that are necessary to comply with current building codes? -nuclear hazard exclusion -wear-and-tear exclusion -ordinance or law exclusion -mechanical breakdown exclusion

ordinance or law exclusion

All of the following are purposes of exclusions in property and liability insurance policies EXCEPT: -eliminate or reduce overlapping coverage -remove coverage that is not needed by a typical insured -provide an incentive to prevent losses -provide coverage for otherwise uninsurable risks

provide coverage for otherwise uninsurable risks

All of the following may have an insurable interest in certain property EXCEPT: -property owner -bank or other mortgage holder -finance company that financed the purchase of the insured property -real estate agent who sold the property

real estate agent who sold the property

What type of property are buildings, land, and structures attached to land? -personal property -business personal property -real property -intellectual property

real property

Mrs. Grant's home suffered a fire. The contractor tells Mrs. Grant it will cost $10,000 to repair the damage and restore her home so it's exactly the same as it was before the fire. What valuation basis did the contractor explain to Mrs. Grant? -replacement value -market value -actual cash value -agreed value

replacement value

What are the two types of compensatory damages? -special and punitive -special and general -general and punitive -specific and general

special and general

Liability that exists simply because an act or situation is inherently dangerous by its very nature, thus making a person responsible for a plaintiff's injuries or damage even when the person has not been careless or negligent, is called: -vicarious liability -strict (absolute) liability -implied liability -absolute negligence

strict (absolute) liability

Exclusions in an insuring agreement can apply to all of the following EXCEPT: -perils -types of property covered -types of losses -strict liability

strict liability

Which of the following types of liability holds an insured legally responsible if another party is injured or damaged because its operations, or other conditions pertaining to the insured, are considered inherently dangerous? -vicarious liability -property damage liability -bodily injury liability -strict liability

strict liability

In a residential neighborhood where most of the homeowners have small children, which of the following structures in a homeowner's yard could be the attractive nuisance? -decorative fountain -detached garage -swimming pool -brick patio

swimming pool

Matt is planning a vacation in Greece. He wonders if his casualty insurance policy will cover a loss in Greece. Which provision within the policy should he check to answer this question? -liberalization clause -assignment provision -loss payable clause -territory provision

territory provision

In a property or casualty insurance policy, the term "you" refers to: -the first named insured -the insurance company -every insured covered under the policy -the insurance agent

the first named insured

In a property insurance policy, the term "we" refers to: -all members of the named insured's household -the insurance company -the insurance agent's staff -the state insurance department

the insurance company

Under the terms of an insurance policy's liberalization clause, an insurer may revise a standard policy form at the time of renewal for all the following reasons EXCEPT: -new exposures -court decisions -the insurer's need to make the policy more profitable -the need to clarify the insurer's intentions

the insurer's need to make the policy more profitable

Which of the following parties has insurable interest in a home owned by Frank? -Frank's daughter -the mortgagee of Frank's home -the prior owner of Frank's home -the realtor attempting to sell Frank's home

the mortgagee of Frank's home

For a loss to be covered under a property insurance policy, a covered peril must be: -the immediate cause of the loss -the sole cause of the loss -the direct cause of the loss -the proximate cause of the loss

the proximate cause of the loss

Nimiroski Motors failed to use a reasonable degree of care in protecting the vehicles parked in its lot overnight. It failed to lock the gate to the fence and turn on the outdoor lights in the lot. As a result, Oscar's car was vandalized. He most likely claimed Nimiroski Motors was guilty of: -the tort of negligence -a crime -fraud -breach of contract

the tort of negligence

In a property insurance policy, which of the following is the purpose for the building ordinance or law exclusion? -to require buildings to first comply with all local building codes before they can be insured -to eliminate coverage for extra expenses, over and above the cost of replacing damaged property, that might be necessary to comply with local ordinances -to require insured property to be brought into compliance with local ordinances before the policy can be renewed -to cancel coverage if the insurer learns that an insured property does not comply with local building codes

to eliminate coverage for extra expenses, over and above the cost of replacing damaged property, that might be necessary to comply with local ordinances

Which of the following causes of loss would typically be covered under a standard property insurance policy? -overflowed river -tornado -earthquake -nuclear power plant meltdown

tornado

Liability insurance involves an area of law known as: -criminal law -common law -tort law -punitive law

tort law

Santucci Brothers Grocery employs a high school student to deliver groceries. When the student accidentally runs over a customer's dog when pulling into the customer's driveway, which of the following terms accurately describes Santucci Brothers' legal responsibility for the employee's action? -vicarious liability -strict liability -unintentional negligence -contributory negligence

vicarious liability

A business insurance policy shows the following persons as named insureds, listed in this order: Bernie Burns, Chet Cooper, and Alice Adams. Which of the three named insureds is authorized to change or cancel the policy? -Bernie only -Bernie or Chet only -Alice only -Bernie, Chet, and Alice equally

Bernie only

Tricia hosts a lawn party. She knows property owners are obligated to protect people on their property from harm and that different degrees of care are required depending upon the circumstances. To whom does Tricia owe the greatest duty to exercise care? -Benny, a freelance photographer who sneaks onto the property to photograph the guests -Jill, a passerby who is attracted by the festivities on the lawn and enters to watch -David, a pollster who gains entrance to the party to question Tricia -Candy, who is delivering floral centerpieces ordered by Tricia

Candy, who is delivering floral centerpieces ordered by Tricia

Edie crashes her car and submits a claim to the insurance company. When the insurance company learns that the car is owned by, and titled to, Edie's 20-year-old boyfriend, it denies her claim. For what specific reason is the claim denied? -Edie isn't 21 years old. -Her boyfriend didn't give her written permission to submit the claim. -The car isn't real property. -Edie doesn't have insurable interest in the car.

Edie doesn't have insurable interest in the car.

When Mr. and Mrs. Unger lived in New Hampshire, they didn't buy earthquake insurance because they believed they were unlikely to suffer an earthquake loss. When they moved to California, however, they bought earthquake coverage immediately because of their high exposure to earthquakes in that state. What underwriting principle do their actions characterize? -adverse selection -misrepresentation -redlining -field underwriting

adverse selection

Which of the following causes of loss are generally excluded from an open perils property insurance policy? -lightning -hail -smoke -flood

flood

Which of the following property insurance policy provisions states where coverage does and does not apply? liberalization policy period policy territory assignment

policy territory

A customer slips and falls on a wet floor in a store, and incurs damages consisting of emergency room charges, doctor bills, X-rays, and lost earnings from her job when she couldn't work for two weeks. All of these are examples of: -general damages -punitive damages -special damages -speculative damages

special damages

When defending against a plaintiff's liability suit, all the following are common defenses to negligence EXCEPT: -unintentional negligence -assumption of risk -contributory negligence -comparative negligence

unintentional negligence

Monty, an employee of Happiness Bakery, is sending text messages on his phone while driving the company truck to deliver baked goods. He crashes into the car in front of him, injuring the driver, who sues Monty and Happiness Bakery. On what grounds could Happiness Bakery be held liable? -comparative negligence -strict liability -unintentional tort -vicarious liability

vicarious liability

All of the following are described in the cancellation provision in property and casualty insurance policies EXCEPT: -why the policy may be canceled -who may cancel the policy -when the policy may be canceled -where the policy may be canceled

where the policy may be canceled