PAP Bio Ch.12 Review
What is a nucleotide?
A monomer made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
What enzyme joins nucleotides to synthesize a new, complementary strand of DNA?
DNA polymerase
The discovery that DNA codes genetic information includes contributions by all of the following scientists except
Mendel
All of the following scientists except ____ made discoveries that led to the double-helix model of DNA.
Morgan
What is replication?
The duplication of DNA before cell division
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase studied a bacteriophage that was composed of a DNA core and a protein coat. They used radioactive isotopes of phosphorus and sulfur to distinguish DNA from protein. Which of the following best describes the question that Hershey and Chase wanted to answer?
Which kind of molecule carries genetic information?
Mitosis and cytokinesis are the two main stages of cell division in a...
eukaryotic cell.
Which component of DNA specifies the traits of an organism?
nitrogenous base pairs
The nucleic acid DNA is composed of...
sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous bases.
What did Hershey and Chase use to confirm Avery's results and convince scientists that genes are made up of DNA?
A really cool looking virus that would make a great Halloween costume, A Bacteriophage, A specific type of virus that only infects bacteria
What best defines a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
What is a bacteriophage?
A virus that infects a bacterium
What did the Hershey-Chase experiment show about bacteriophages?
Bacteriophages inject only DNA into bacteria.
What term defines the nearly perfect fit between A-T and C-G nucleotides?
Base pairing
Avery and a team of scientists performed research by observing bacterial transformation. What did they discover is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?
DNA
After Griffith and Avery, Hershey and Chase researched genetic material. Their discovery supported Avery's conclusion about the chemical nature of DNA. What did they discover?
DNA is the material that stores and transmits genetic information.
What term names the process during which DNA is copied prior to cell division?
DNA replication
What model of DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick?
Double-helix mode
What is responsible for holding the two strands of the DNA double helix together?
Hydrogen bonds
The macromolecules that make up nucleic acids contain which of the following elements?
Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus
What is a statement that best describes the role of DNA polymerase?
It joins individual nucleotides to produce new strands of DNA.
What is one of the roles of DNA polymerase during replication?
It joins nucleotides to synthesize a complementary strand of DNA.
What is a true statement about nucleic acids and nucleotides?
Nucleic acids are composed of subunits called nucleotides.
Which of the following sets of terms lists the structures from smallest to largest?
Nucleotides, nucleic acids, genes, chromosomes
Which statement best describes the role of DNA replication in the cell cycle of eukaryotes?
Replication is completed before the cell enters mitosis.
What phase in the process of DNA replication results in two copies of DNA?
S Phase
How does a bacteriophage enter a bacterial cell?
The bacteriophage attaches to the surface of the bacterial cell and injects its genetic information.
Why did Hershey and Chase use radioactive substances in their research?
The radioactive substances served as markers to identify which molecules carried genetic information.
What is the cell cycle?
The sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division of a cell
How do enzymes help maintain the accuracy of DNA during replication?
They proofread the new strand to make a near-perfect copy.
What term describes a concept discovered by scientist Frederick Griffith?
Transformation
What is the first step in the process of DNA replication?
Uncoiling the DNA
What technique did scientist Rosalind Franklin use to learn about the structure of DNA?
X-ray diffraction
The DNA that makes up genes is capable of all of the following except
analyzing genetic information.
DNA is made up of the listed chemical components except
carbonyl groups.
Bundles of DNA found in cells are called...
chromosomes.
What statements are true of a DNA molecule?
contains nucleotides, duplicates itself, stores genetic information
The nucleotides in a strand of DNA are joined by _____ bonds formed between the sugar of one nucleotide and the _____ group of the next.
covalent; phosphate
Storing genetic information is a key function of DNA because genes control patterns of
development.
All statements are true of a DNA molecule except that it...
is made up of lipids.
Eukaryotic DNA replication begins at ____ place(s) along the DNA molecule.
many
The tips of eukaryotic chromosomes are known as
telomeres.
