PART 2. THE MIDDLE AGES AND RENAISSANCE (PRELUDE 2; CHAPTERS 13-19)

Choral music performed without instrumental accompaniment

A cappella

The last musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass ("Lamb of God, Who takes away the sins of the world")

Agnus Dei

A form of English street song, popular from the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries. Also characterized by narrative content and strophic form

Ballad

soft, indoor

Bas

"Fixed melody" usually of very long notes, often based on a fragment of Gregorian chant, that served as the structural basis for a polyphonic composition, particularly in the Renaissance

Cantus firmus

French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry

Chanson

French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, set to either courtly or popular poetry

Chant or Chanson

Simple worship music, often monophonic, in which the church congregation participates; often associated with Lutheranism and Calvinism

Congregational singing

a wooden instrument with finger holes like a recorder but a cup-shaped mouthpiece

Cornetto

The third musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass ("I believe in one God, the Father Almighty")

Credo

English secular polyphonic song (for two to six voices) developed from the Italian madrigal; often lighter and less serious, featuring refrain syllables (fa-la-la); largely cultivated by amateurs

English madrigals

The second musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass ("Glory be to God on high")

Gloria

Monophonic melody with a freely flowing, unmeasured vocal line; liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic Church. Also plainchant or plainsong

Gregorian Chant

loud, outdoor

Haut

Melodic idea presented in one voice or part and then restated in another, each part continuing as others enter

Imitation

a sixteenth-century tradition that linked music and lyric poetry

Italian madrigals

The first musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass. Its construction is threefold, involving three repetitions of "Kyrie eleison" (Lord have mercy), three of "Christe elesion" (Christ have mercy), and again three of "Kyrie elesion"

Kyrie

The set order of religious services and the structure of each service, within a particular denomination (e.g. Roman Catholic)

Liturgy

a plucked-string instrument of Middle Eastern origin

Lute

Renaissance secular work originating in Italy for voices, with or without instruments, set to a short, lyric love poem; also popular in England

Madrigal

A striking effect designed to depict the meaning of the text in vocal music; found in many madrigals and other genres of the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries

Madrigalisms

Central service of the Roman Catholic Church

Mass

melodic style characterized by many notes sung to a single text syllable

Melismatic

Characterizes music based on modes other than major and minor, especially in the early church

Modes or Modal

Polyphonic vocal genre, often secular in the Middle Ages but sacred or devotional thereafter

Motet

small hand drums played in Paris

Naker

melodic style with two or four notes set to each syllable

Neumatic

Sections of the Roman Catholic Mass that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year

Ordinary

Earliest kind of polyphonic music, which developed from the custom of adding voices above a plainchant; they ran parallel to the chant at the interval of a fifth or fourth and later moved more freely

Organum

secular music composition, unaccompanied, in three, four, or more parts

Part song

Stately Renaissance court dance in duple meter

Pavane

Two or more melodic lines combined into a multi-voiced texture, as distinct from monophonic

Polyphony

which changes daily according to liturgical occasion

Proper

medieval bowed-string instrument, often with a pear-shaped body

Rebec

an end-blown flute with a breathy tone

Recorder

A fixed pattern of long and short notes that is repeated or varied, over a sustained bottom voice taken from the chant of the same name

Rhythmic mode

Musical form in which the first section recurs several times, usually in the tonic. In the Classical multi-movement cycle, it appears as the last movement in various forms, such as A-B-A-B-A, A-B-A-C-A, and A-B-A-C-A-B-A

Rondeau

an early version of the trombone

Sackbut

The fourth musical section of the Ordinary of the Mass ("Holy, holy, holy")

Sanctus

a nasal-sounding ancestor of the oboe

Shawm

melodic style of one note set to each text syllable

Syllabic

cylindrical drum

Tabor

Based on principles of major-minor tonality, as distinct from modal

Tonal

Medieval poet-musicians in southern France

Troubadours

Medieval poet-musicians in northern France

Trouvères

The common language spoken by the people as distinguished from the literary language, or language of the educated elite

Vernacular

In poetry, a group of lines constituting a unit. In liturgical music for the Catholic Church, a phrase from the Scriptures that alternated with the response.

Verse

Musical pictorialization of words as an expressive device; a prominent feature of the Renaissance madrigal.

Word painting

At which point in the text of Fair Phyllis does the work change to an imitative texture? a.) "Up and down he wandered" b.) "O then they fell a-kissing" c.) "Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone"

a.) "Up and down he wandered"

In which of the following countries did Arcadelt live and work? a.) France b.) Ireland c.) England

a.) France

During the Renaissance, lands new to the Europeans were discovered, including _____. a.) The Americas b.) The Indies c.) China

a.) The Americas

The main European port for the exchange of Eastern luxuries was _____. a.) Venice b.) Vienna c.) Paris

a.) Venice

Renaissance instruments that were appropriate for indoor performances were categorized as _____. a.) bas b.) strings c.) woodwinds d.) haut

a.) bas

Music, mathematics, geometry, and astronomy were the four topics considered essential to medieval _____. a.) education b.) bureaucracy c.) entertainment d.) military

a.) education

Farmer's Fair Phyllis is written for _____ voices. a.) four b.) three c.) five

a.) four

The predominant texture in Josquin's motet Ave Maria . . . virgo serena is _____. a.) imitative polyphony b.) homophony c.) monophony

a.) imitative polyphony

In which language is Josquin's motet text written? a.) latin b.) italian c.) french

a.) latin

The mood of Farmer's madrigal Fair Phyllis can best be described as _____. a.) light and pastoral b.) sad and melancholy c.) serious and courtly

a.) light and pastoral

Music performed with exchanges between a soloist and chorus is called _____. a.) responsorial singing b.) melismatic singing c.) a cappella singing

a.) responsorial singing

The most universally idealized woman in Western culture during the Middle Ages was _____. a.) the Virgin Mary b.) Joan of Arc c.) Hildegrard of Bingen d.) Catherine of Aragon

a.) the Virgin Mary

Arcadelt uses word painting to portray the images in the poetry of his madrigal Il bianco e dolce cigno. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Composers in the Ars nova style wrote both sacred and secular songs. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Hildegard's chant Alleluia, O virga mediatrix was intended for performance on a feast day of the Virgin Mary. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

In Arcadelt's madrigal Il bianco e dolce cigno, the melody is mostly in the high voice. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Musical instruments in the Renaissance were categorized by the amount of sound they produced. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Polyphony was utilized to enhance worship on the most significant feast days in the church year. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Prior to the medieval era, instrumental music was largely an oral tradition. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Religious belief remained at the core of Renaissance identity. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Religious wars and medieval explorations enhanced cultural exchange. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Renaissance music generally featured consonant harmonies. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Singing polyphony required specialized singers. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

The Middle Ages spanned nearly one thousand years. a.) true b.)false

a.) true

The Pope Marcellus Mass was written for six voice parts. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

The harmony of the Gloria from Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass is best described as full and consonant. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

The last part of the Middle Ages is referred to as the Ars nova. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

The lower voice in organum carries the melody in sustained notes. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

The members of the esteemed Antwerp city band were expert improvisers. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

The performing forces for Farmer's madrigal consist of a four-voice SATB ensemble. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

The term liturgy refers to the set order of church services and the structure of each service. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

The text of the Gloria in Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass is easily understood, due largely to its syllabic nature and Palestrina's frequent use of homorhythm. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

There was a shift towards a more secular society during the European Renaissance. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Trade flourished in the later Middle Ages, when a merchant class arose outside of feudal society. a.) true b.) false

a.) true

Which term best describes the texture of two or more melodies performed at the same time? a.) Stereophony b.) Polyphony c.) Monophony

b.) Polyphony

Middle Ages was marked by the _____. a.) conversation of Constantine b.) fall of the Roman Empire c.) crowning of Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor

b.) fall of the Roman Empire

Arcadelt emphasizes the last line of the poem in the madrigal by not repeating it. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

During the Renaissance, the Mass was recited and sung in the vernacular (the language of the people). a.) true b.) false

b.) false

Gregorian chant features regularly phrased melodic lines supported by instrumental accompaniment. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

In the Western tradition, music historically has not been linked to mathematics and geometry. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

Instrumental music in the Renaissance was performed strictly with no embellishment of the notated music. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

Musical ideas from Middle Eastern cultures were not a part of medieval cultural exchange. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

Polyphony was universally accepted in medieval religious communities. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

Renaissance painters continued to rely on medieval norms in their preference for symbolism in painting. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

Renaissance sacred music was generally performed with instruments. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

Specific instruments to be used were often identified in the musical scores for Renaissance dance music. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

The English madrigal preceded the development of the Italian madrigal by some twenty years. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

The Gloria from Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass belongs to the Proper, the variable part of the Mass celebration. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

The chants of the church used only the major and minor scale patterns found in later music. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

The first type of polyphony was Gregorian chant. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

The literature of ancient Greece and Rome was of little interest to artists and writers of the Renaissance. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

The text setting in Alleluia, O virga mediatrix is mostly syllabic. a.) true b.) false

b.) false

In chant from the Middle Ages, if there are many notes per syllable, the style is called _____. a.) syllabic b.) melismatic c.) neumatic

b.) melismatic

Tielman Susato was well known for his work as a _____. a.) instrumentalist b.) music publisher c.) composer

b.) music publisher

The earliest polyphonic music is called _____. a.) Notre Name School b.) organum c.) Romanesque

b.) organum

Which meter did medieval musicians find especially attractive because it symbolized the perfection of the Trinity? a.) quadruple b.) triple c.) sextuple d.) duple

b.) triple

The early Christian church had very little power in Europe during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. a.) true b.)false

b.)false

Hildegard of Bingen was born into a _____ noble family. a.) English b.) Italian c.) German d.) French

c.) German

Which of the following was a Renaissance artist? a.) Vincent van Gogh b.) Pablo Picasso c.) Leonardo da Vinci d.) Claude Monet

c.) Leonardo da Vinci

In order to properly transmit the new polyphony, which other aspect of music became more sophisticated in the Middle Ages? a.) Binary form b.) Woodwind instruments c.) Music notation

c.) Music notation

The organum Gaude Maria virgo is written in the style of which composer? a.) Hildegard b.) Léonin c.) Pérotin

c.) Pérotin

During the Middle Ages, all power came from which religious organization? a.) The lutheran Church b.) The Eastern Orthodox Church c.) The Roman Catholic Church

c.) The Roman Catholic Church

Which secular medieval musicians entertained audiences at the higher social levels? a.) Jugglers b.) Soldiers c.) Troubadours d.) Monks

c.) Troubadours

Which was a recommendation of the Council of Trent regarding music for the church? a.) use more instruments in the Mass b.) add secular elements to the music for the Mass c.) make the words more understandable

c.) make the words more understandable

Farmer "paints" the first line of the text, "Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone," through the musical use of _____. a.) homorhythm b.) imitation c.) monophony

c.) monophony

During the Middle Ages which Arab import allowed for pattern-related disciplines to flourish in the West? a.) pasta making b.) literature c.) numerals d.) silk culture

c.) numerals

In the Catholic Mass, the parts that change according to the day belong to the _____. a.) mass b.) office c.) proper d.) ordinary

c.) proper

Which Arab instrument was the forerunner of the modern violin? a.) sitar b.) tabla c.) rebab d.) zither

c.) rebab

The rhythmic pattern of long-short repeated throughout the piece defines the _____. a.) melodic scale b.) cantus firmus c.) rhythmic mode

c.) rhythmic mode

The Susato dances are examples of which kind of instrumental dance? a.) pavane b.) gigue c.) ronde d.) galliard

c.) ronde

Which of the following dance forms is found in sixteenth-century publications? a.) merengue b.) quickstep c.) saltarello

c.) saltarello

Modal melodies of the early Christian church are similar to melodies and scales from _____. a.) India b.) Myanmar c.) the Middle East

c.) the Middle East

How does Josquin provide contrast in the final two lines of the text, "O Mater Dei, memento mei"? a.) with extreme dissonance b.) with dense, active counterpoint c.) with homorhythmic texture

c.) with homorhythmic texture

Which of the following is NOT true of Gregorian chant (plainchant) melodies? a.) There are over 3,000 in existence b.) The composer of most of them are unknown c.) They are in Latin d.) They are in Hebrew and Syrian

d.) They are in Hebrew and Syrian

What was the period that immediately preceded the Ars nova called? a.) renaissance b.) baroque c.) classical d.) ars antiqua

d.) ars antiqua

Which instrument heard in Susato's Three Dances is a cross between a woodwind instrument with fingerholes and a brass instrument with a mouthpiece? a.) tabor b.) shawm c.) rebec d.) cornetto

d.) cornetto

The Catholic Church's effort during the early sixteenth century to recapture the loyalty of its followers through a return to true Christian piety is known as the _____. a.) reformation b.) magna carta c.) 80 years' war d.) counter-reformation

d.) counter-reformation

Which part of the Mass Ordinary is not in Latin? a.) gloria b.) sanctus c.) credo d.) kyrie

d.) kyrie

The Protestant Reformation was started by _____. a.) pope marcellus b.) giovanni pierluigi da palestrina c.) john calvin d.) martin luther

d.) martin luther

During the Renaissance, aesthetics changed with regard to consonances and dissonances, with which intervals being preferred? a.) open fourths b.) octaves c.) open fifths d.) thirds and sixths

d.) thirds and sixths