Path-502 GI

The GI tract performs which of the following processes? (select all that apply) A. Absorption of digested food B. Chemical breakdown of food particles C. Initiates erythropoiesis D. Mechanical breakdown of food particles E. Secretion of mucus

A. Absorption of digestive food B, Chemical breakdown of food particles D. Mechanical breakdown of food particles E. Secretion of mucus

Food is moved down the esophagus via what process? A. Peristalsis B. Retropulsion C. Haustral segmentation D. Defecation

A. Perustalsis

The action of bile is to A. emulsify fats. B. digest cellulose. C. convert sucrose. D. release free amino acids.

A. emulsify fats

The _____ reflex initiates propulsion in the entire colon, usually during or immediately after eating. A. gastrocolic B. ileocolic C. duodenocolic D. cephalocolic

A. gastrocolic

The primary bile salts are synthesized from _______ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi. A. lecithin B. fatty acids C. cholesterol D. testosterone

c. cholesterol

In liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension is caused by fibrosis in the blood vessels leading to resistance of blood flow. True False

True

Parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas will cause which of the following reactions? A. Hormonal inhibition B. Enzyme secretion C. Vasoconstriction D. Decreased bicarbonate production

B. Enzyme secretion

Which of the following liver cells are phagocytic? A. Glisson B. Kupffer C. Meissner D. Lieberkühn

B. Kupffer

Which cells of the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid? A. Chief B. Parietal C. Zymogenic D. Surface epithelial

B. Parietal

Which sphincter, when it relaxes, allows bile to flow into the duodenum? A. Pyloric sphincter B. Sphincter of Oddi C. Ampulla of Vater D. Ileocecal valve

B. Sphincter of Oddi

The blood supply of the large intestine is derived from which vessel(s)? A. Celiac B. Superior and inferior mesenteric C. Hepatic and portal D. Omental

B. Superior and inferior mesenteric

Most gallstones are composed of A. bile. B. cholesterol. C. calcium. D. uric acid salts.

B. cholesterol

The function of the acinar cells of the pancreas is to secrete: A. bicarbonate. B. enzymes. C. mucus. D. electrolytes.

B. enzymes

Absorption of nutrients from the intestine occurs initially through the: A. mesentery. B. villi. C. lamina propria. D. splenic veins.

B. villi

The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains: A. alpha cells. B. beta cells. C. acinar cells. D. islets of Langerhans.

C. acinar cells

The vermiform appendix is attached to the: A. duodenum. B. ileum. C. cecum. D. sigmoid colon.

C. cecum

In the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into: A. unconjugated bilirubin. B. biliverdin. C. conjugated bilirubin. D. urobilinogen.

C. conjugated bilirubin

Jaundice is a common manifestation of A. malabsorption syndromes. B. anemia. C. liver disease. D. cholecystitis.

C. liver disease

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of A. gallbladder disease. B. appendicitis. C. pancreatitis. D. peritonitis.

C. pancreatitis

Mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of: A. somatostatin. B. gastrin. C. prostaglandins. D. histamine.

C. prostagladins

The capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic: A. canaliculi. B. ducts. C. sinusoids. D. papillae.

C. sinusoids

Which information indicates the nurse understands digestion? During the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion, gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of the: A. sympathetic nervous system. B. somatic nervous system. C. vagus nerve. D. glossopharyngeal nerve

C. vagus nerve

Which immunoglobulin is found in normal saliva? A. IgG B. IgD C. IgE D. IgA

D. IgA

Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine? A. Haustral B. Lower esophageal C. Pyloric D. Ileocecal valve

D. Ileocecal valve

The pancreas produces which substance to prevent the premature activation of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas? A. Bicarbonate B. Carboxypeptidase C. Secretin D. Trypsin inhibitor

D. Trypsin inhibitor

Liver cirrhosis can lead to prolonged prothrombin time due to A. increased synthesis of bile salts B. decreased synthesis of plasminogen C. decreased synthesis of tissue plasminogen activator D. decreased vitamin K absorption

D. decreased vitamin K absorption

Cholecystokinin is secreted by cells in the ____ and stimulates the release of ____. A. pancreas; bicarbonate B. pancreas; secretin C. intestine; bicarbonate D. intestine; bile

D. intestine; bile

Chief cells secrete ____, while parietal cells secrete ____. A. Pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride. B. hydrogen chloride, pepsinogen. C. Gastrin, intrinsic factor. D. Gastrin, intrinsic factor

Pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride

Cholecystitis is almost always associated with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the cystic duct related to stasis of bile. True False

True