Path-502 GI
The GI tract performs which of the following processes? (select all that apply) A. Absorption of digested food B. Chemical breakdown of food particles C. Initiates erythropoiesis D. Mechanical breakdown of food particles E. Secretion of mucus
A. Absorption of digestive food B, Chemical breakdown of food particles D. Mechanical breakdown of food particles E. Secretion of mucus
Food is moved down the esophagus via what process? A. Peristalsis B. Retropulsion C. Haustral segmentation D. Defecation
A. Perustalsis
The action of bile is to A. emulsify fats. B. digest cellulose. C. convert sucrose. D. release free amino acids.
A. emulsify fats
The _____ reflex initiates propulsion in the entire colon, usually during or immediately after eating. A. gastrocolic B. ileocolic C. duodenocolic D. cephalocolic
A. gastrocolic
The primary bile salts are synthesized from _______ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi. A. lecithin B. fatty acids C. cholesterol D. testosterone
c. cholesterol
In liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension is caused by fibrosis in the blood vessels leading to resistance of blood flow. True False
True
Parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas will cause which of the following reactions? A. Hormonal inhibition B. Enzyme secretion C. Vasoconstriction D. Decreased bicarbonate production
B. Enzyme secretion
Which of the following liver cells are phagocytic? A. Glisson B. Kupffer C. Meissner D. Lieberkühn
B. Kupffer
Which cells of the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid? A. Chief B. Parietal C. Zymogenic D. Surface epithelial
B. Parietal
Which sphincter, when it relaxes, allows bile to flow into the duodenum? A. Pyloric sphincter B. Sphincter of Oddi C. Ampulla of Vater D. Ileocecal valve
B. Sphincter of Oddi
The blood supply of the large intestine is derived from which vessel(s)? A. Celiac B. Superior and inferior mesenteric C. Hepatic and portal D. Omental
B. Superior and inferior mesenteric
Most gallstones are composed of A. bile. B. cholesterol. C. calcium. D. uric acid salts.
B. cholesterol
The function of the acinar cells of the pancreas is to secrete: A. bicarbonate. B. enzymes. C. mucus. D. electrolytes.
B. enzymes
Absorption of nutrients from the intestine occurs initially through the: A. mesentery. B. villi. C. lamina propria. D. splenic veins.
B. villi
The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains: A. alpha cells. B. beta cells. C. acinar cells. D. islets of Langerhans.
C. acinar cells
The vermiform appendix is attached to the: A. duodenum. B. ileum. C. cecum. D. sigmoid colon.
C. cecum
In the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes, where it is converted into: A. unconjugated bilirubin. B. biliverdin. C. conjugated bilirubin. D. urobilinogen.
C. conjugated bilirubin
Jaundice is a common manifestation of A. malabsorption syndromes. B. anemia. C. liver disease. D. cholecystitis.
C. liver disease
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of A. gallbladder disease. B. appendicitis. C. pancreatitis. D. peritonitis.
C. pancreatitis
Mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of: A. somatostatin. B. gastrin. C. prostaglandins. D. histamine.
C. prostagladins
The capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic: A. canaliculi. B. ducts. C. sinusoids. D. papillae.
C. sinusoids
Which information indicates the nurse understands digestion? During the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion, gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of the: A. sympathetic nervous system. B. somatic nervous system. C. vagus nerve. D. glossopharyngeal nerve
C. vagus nerve
Which immunoglobulin is found in normal saliva? A. IgG B. IgD C. IgE D. IgA
D. IgA
Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine? A. Haustral B. Lower esophageal C. Pyloric D. Ileocecal valve
D. Ileocecal valve
The pancreas produces which substance to prevent the premature activation of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas? A. Bicarbonate B. Carboxypeptidase C. Secretin D. Trypsin inhibitor
D. Trypsin inhibitor
Liver cirrhosis can lead to prolonged prothrombin time due to A. increased synthesis of bile salts B. decreased synthesis of plasminogen C. decreased synthesis of tissue plasminogen activator D. decreased vitamin K absorption
D. decreased vitamin K absorption
Cholecystokinin is secreted by cells in the ____ and stimulates the release of ____. A. pancreas; bicarbonate B. pancreas; secretin C. intestine; bicarbonate D. intestine; bile
D. intestine; bile
Chief cells secrete ____, while parietal cells secrete ____. A. Pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride. B. hydrogen chloride, pepsinogen. C. Gastrin, intrinsic factor. D. Gastrin, intrinsic factor
Pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride
Cholecystitis is almost always associated with cholelithiasis and obstruction of the cystic duct related to stasis of bile. True False
True