Path study - Exam 4
During the flu shot clinic one of the questions to ask is related to whether the client has a history of Guillain Barre. The client asked what is that. The nurse responds with:
"The type of paralysis that affects movement on both sides of the body and starts in the lower extremities and extends up and it may involve respiratory muscles."
A nurse knows that a client with diabetes admitted for a limb infection is likely experiencing which pathological principles? SATA
1. Many clients with diabetes have sensory deficits and ignore minor trauma just because they can't feel their feet. 2. Clients with chronic diabetes may have vascular problems that impair circulation and therefore cells that are needed for adequate inflammatory response can't reach the site. 3. Hyperglycemia may provide an environment that enhances the growth of microorganisms.
A student nurse is caring for a patient with a spinal cord injury at L5. The student knows how many pairs of spinal nerves there are and how many are located specifically in the lumbar region.
31 spinal nerves, 5 in the lumbar
Underweight is defined as?
A body mass index of 18.5
A 22-year-old female presents to the primary care office complaints of diarrhea that seems to come and go. The provider has her keep a food diary that shows she gets diarrhea every time she drinks milk.
A deficiency in lactase
A client arrived to the ER and states that he developed severe sharp stabbing pricking pain located in the left arm about 10 minutes ago. He states the pain came on very quickly but also only lasted 5 minutes in duration.
A delta fibers
Which statement about obesity is most accurate?
A hip to weight ratio greater than 0.8 and women can be interpreted to mean upper body
A client with a new diagnosis of an endocrine disorder is unclear how the body can control levels of different hormones over time. Which statement most accurately underlies the dominant regulated process of hormones in the body?
A negative feedback cycle detects a change in hormone levels and adjusts hormone secretions.
The nurse is planning care for a group of female adolescents with either anorexia or bulimia. The nurse incorporates which common characteristic of both?
Abnormal concern with body image
Describe the difference between afferent neurons and efferent neurons.
Afferent neurons are sensory - they transmit information to the CNS. Efferent neurons are motor neurons - carry information away from the CNS
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone are under the control of the:
Anterior pituitary gland
Which vitamins are essential for normal growth and development and are water soluable?
B6, B12, thiamine and folate.
The nurse is admitting a patient with complaints of dysphagia, weight loss, pain and anorexia. Upon reviewing the patient's history, the patient has a long history of GERD as well as Barrett's esophagus. The nurse understands that this placed the patient at risk for:
Cancer of the esophagus
Which statement conveys an aspect of the role of cerebral spinal fluid?
Cerebral spinal fluid provides the support and protective fluid for the brain and spinal cord
A 28-year-old man presents with diarrhea abdominal pain and weight loss. He states he will have several weeks of these symptoms and then they will go away but they always return.
Chron's disease
The nurse is assisting a client suspected dysphasia which cranial nerves to the nurse assess?
Cranial Nerves V, IX, X, and XII (5, 9, 10, 12)
Which of the following characteristics describes Marasmus?
Diet quality deficit in calories and protein
A client presents to the primary care office with the complaints of diarrhea. The nurse knows diarrhea must be present for how long to be termed chronic:
Four weeks
A nurse caring for client who has undergone anti thyroid peroxidase anti-TPO antibody testing with elevated results, will be prepared to educate patient on.
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
A nurse is working with a patient who has damage to their temporal lobe. The nurse knows that the patient will suffer from problems related to:
Hearing
A 32-year-old male was running a marathon in Florida when he collapsed and was taken to the nearest hospital. The patient is now awake but complaining of thirst, fatigue and nausea and appears giddy. His rectal temperature is 103.4. The nurse knows he is suffering from:
Heat exhaustion
A nurse is educating a patient on their diagnosis of hepatitis B. The patient doesn't understand how they contracted the virus. Which statement by the nurse would be correct?
Hep B can be contracted through exposure with infected blood or bodily fluids, that can occur from birth, sexual contacts, sharing contaminated needles, needle sticks, organ transplants or sharing interpersonal items.
A 62-year-old female has long standing diabetes and takes insulin and went to lunch with husband, but after waiting 30 minutes for a table the woman starts to become confused, clammy, and pale. What is the course of action her husband should take?
Her husband should administer 15 to 20 grams of glucose in the concentrated carbohydrate source.
An 18-year-old student has developed fever and diarrhea while backpacking in Asia.
Inflammatory diarrhea
A 22-year-old-female college student is shocked to receive a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. What etiology is most likely for the treatment?
It is an autoimmune disease associated with gradual destruction of acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction
A client who suffered a stroke is having difficulty swallowing food and beverage. The client complains that food is sticking in the back of my throat. What should the nurse do?
Make the client NPO nothing by mouth and call the physician
Esophageal lacerations with chronic alcoholism are termed:
Mallory-Weiss syndrome
Which sensory receptor is found in highly sensitive areas of the body such as lips and fingers?
Meissner's corpuscles
A 25 year old woman who works in air traffic control presents with a unilateral headache that lasts for 12 hours. The patient admits to sensitivity to light and sound.
Migraine
Which of the following physiologic findings would the nurse expect to find with a patient with Cushing's disease?
Moon face
After being thrown off the back of a bull, a bull rider can move his arms but has loss of his motor function in the lower extremities. What is this term?
Paraplegia
A 55-year-old male diabetic patient recently underwent an above-the-knee (AKA) amputation due to a complication of his diabetes. The patient is now complaining of pain located below the level of the amputation. This would be called:
Phantom limb pain
During menstruation the Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the release of Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) , this increase in level of estrogen continues another course of the woman's menstrual cycle. What is this called?
Positive feedback loop
An adult with who has been diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux in which the function of the lower esophageal sphincter is compromised. Which consequences of this condition is most likely?
Regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus
A 5-year-old child had emergency appendectomy during the night. How should you assess the child's pain?
Show the child a pain scale with faces of actual children and have the child point to the picture that best describes the feeling
Which statement best captures an aspect of the role of hormones in the body.
Some chemical substances can function as hormones or be integrated into the central and peripheral nervous system
A student is feeling inside her backpack for her mobile phone. There are a number of items in the bag. The nurses which term best describes the ability to sense the shape of an object:
Stereognosis
A student is confused and does not understand why a nurse is checking a diabetics hemoglobin A1C. The student nurse asks why she is checking that instead of the glucose? What aspect of physiology would underline the care providers respond?
The amount of glucose attached to hemoglobin reflects the average blood glucose levels over the life of red blood cell, which gives an average of the patient's blood glucose level over a period of time.
During the clinical assessment of a 68 year old client who has suffered a head injury, a neurologist suspects sustained damage to the vagus nerve. Which assessment finding is most likely?
The client will have difficulty swallowing and has recent constipation, hypoactive bowel sounds, and has developed a husky voice
A nurse is working out in a busy orthopedic clinic is asked to perform a Tinel's sign on a client having problems with her wrist
The nurse is going to tap on the medial nerve in the wrist and ask the patient "tell me what sensation you feel while I'm doing this"
A parent of 3-year-old boy has brought him to the pediatrician for assessment of the boy's late ambulation and frequent falls. The partner is going forward genetic test.
The nurse knows that the major the most common cause of DMD is mutation in the gene located on the short arm of the X chromosome that codes for dystrophin
A client is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. "Why is my body not able to absorb B12?"
The nurse responds with "your stomach not secreting a substance known as intrinsic factor needed to absorb B12."
A 3-year-old girl diagnosed with type 1 diabetes her parents are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse. How can the nurse best explain to the parents the etiology that caused her daughters diabetes?
The problem that underlines had diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her pancreas that produce insulin.
Which statement best captures the essence of the secondary Messenger?
The secondary Messenger acts as an intercellular signal and responds to the presence hormones
A patient with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease presents to the primary care office complaining of slowness in initiating and performing movements. The nurse knows:
This is due to degeneration of the basal ganglia, called bradykinesia
A nurse walks into the room and finds her client forcibly expelling stomach contents, called:
Vomiting
An adolescent male with type one diabetes is exacerbated with his regiment of blood sugar control he wants to cut back. What response by his mother is most accurate?
While this is hard for you, you need to continue so you don't go blind or need a kidney transplant down the road
The direct transfer of head from one molecule to another is:
conduction
In contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system would cause:
pupil constriction
Calculate the BMI on a female that is 5'11" that weighs 195?
weight/heigh(2) x 703 = 27, overweight
