Patho: Cardiovascular Disorders Quiz 7
Confirmation of the diagnosis of a myocardial infarction would include:
1, 3 1.Specific changes in the ECG 3. Elevation of cardiac isoenzymes in serum
The right side of the heart would fail first in the case of: 1. severe mitral valve stenosis. 2. uncontrolled essential hypertension. 3. large infarction in the right ventricle. 4. advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
3,4 3. Large infarction in the right ventricle 4. Advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A dissecting aortic aneurysm develops as:
A tear in the intimal lining, which allows blood flow between layers of the aortic wall
Which of the following compensations that develop in patients with congestive heart failure eventually increase the workload of the heart?
A, B, and C A. Faster heart rate and cardiomegaly B. Peripheral vasoconstriction C. Increases secretion of renin
Which of the following represent(s) the pathophysiologic changes in the heart in cases of rheumatic fever?
An abnormal immune response, causing acute inflammation in all layers of the heart. Caused by strains of group A beta hemolytic Streptoccus Inflammation involves heart , joints, and skin Usually occurs in children 5-15
More extensive permanent damage is likely when a myocardial infarction is caused by:
An embolus
A partial obstruction in a coronary artery will likely cause?
Angina attacks
When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?
Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not
Common signs of rheumatic fever include all of the following except:
Arthritis, causing deformity of the small joints in the hands and feet
The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is:
Atherosclerosis involving an attached thrombus
When is a diagnosis of essential hypertension likely to be considered in young or middle-aged individuals?
Blood pressure remains consistently above 140/90
The most common cause of death immediately following a myocardial infarction is:
Cardiac arrhythmias and fibrillation.
Rheumatic heart disease usually manifests in later years as:
Cardiac arrhythmias and heart murmurs.
The term arteriosclerosis specifically refers to:
Degeneration with loss of elasticity and obstruction in small arteries.
Which of the following drugs improves cardiac efficiency by slowing the heart rate and increasing the force of cardiac contractions?
Digoxin
In an infant, the initial indication of congestive heart failure is often:
Feeding problems
The cause of essential hypertension is considered to be
Idiopathic
The cause of essential hypertension is considered to be:
Idiopathic
The definition of congestive heart failure is:
Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body.
The basic pathophysiological change associated with essential hypertension is:
Increased systemic vasoconstriction
Uncontrolled hypertension is most likely to cause ischemia and loss of function in the:
Kidneys, brain, and retinas of the eye
A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is
Leading a sedentary lifestyle
Which of the following statements regarding aneurysms is true?
Manifestations of aneurysms result from compression of adjacent structures.
In a child with acute rheumatic fever, arrhythmias may develop due to the presence of?
Myocarditis
In the period immediately following a myocardial infarction, the manifestations of pallor and diaphoresis, rapid pulse, and anxiety result from:
Onset of circulatory shock
A common adverse effect of many antihypertensive medication is
Orthostatic hypertension
Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:
Persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL):
Promote atheroma development
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:
Promotes platelet adhesion
In patients with congestive heart failure, ACE inhibitor drugs are useful because the:
Reduce renin and aldosterone secretion
The outcome for many aortic aneurysms is:
Rupture and Hemorrhage
Which of the following confirms the presence of a myocardial infarction?
Serum isoenzymes release from necrotic cells and an ECG
Which of the following confirms the presence of a myocardial infarction?
Serum isoenzymes released from necrotic cells and an ECG
Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following EXCEPT:
Taking a nap
Which of the following is most likely to cause left-sided congestive heart failure?
Uncontrolled essential hypertension
An atheroma develops from:
accumulated lipids, cells, and fibrin where endothelial injury has occurred
The initial effect on the heart in cases of rheumatic fever is:
acute inflammation in all layers of the heart due to abnormal immune response
Common signs of rheumatic fever include all of the following EXCEPT:
arthritis, causing deformity of the small joints in the hands and feet.
Significant signs of right-sided congestive heart failure include:
edematous feet and legs with hepatomegaly
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is marked by:
hemoptysis and rales
Compensation mechanisms for decreased cardiac output in cases of congestive heart failure include:
increased renin and aldosterone secretions
A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:
leading a sedentary lifestyle.
The size of the necrotic area resulting from myocardial infarction may be minimized by all of the following EXCEPT:
removing the predisposing factors to atheroma development
The classic early manifestation(s) of left-sided congestive heart failure is/are ____, whereas the early indicator(s) of right-sided failure is/are _______.
shortness of breath on exertion or lying down; swelling of the ankles
The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as:
total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis
