Patho Ch. 4

The thick myosin and thin actin filaments slide over each other, causing shortening of the muscle fiber.

What happens during muscle contraction?

To receive proteins and other substances from the cell surface by a retrograde transport mechanism

What is one purpose of the Golgi complex?

Active transport

When cells use energy to move ions against an electrical or chemical gradient, the process is called what?

Nervous system and retinas

Although GM2 ganglioside accumulates in many tissues, where does it do the most harm?

Jaundice

Bilirubin is a normal major pigment of bile; its excess accumulation within cells is evidenced clinically by a yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera, a condition called _________.

Ductless and produce secretions

Endocrine glands are epithelial structures that have had their connection with the surface obliterated during development. How are these glands described?

Connective and muscle tissue

Groups of cells that are closely associated in structure and have common or similar functions are called tissues. What are the types of tissue in the human body?

Involuntary

Smooth muscle is often referred to as ____________ muscle because it contracts spontaneously or through activity of the autonomic nervous system.

Influence DNA activity

Some messengers, such as thyroid hormone and steroid hormones, do not bind to membrane receptors but move directly across the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and are carried to the cell nucleus. What do they do at the cell nucleus?

ATP

The Krebs cycle provides a common pathway for the metabolism of nutrients by the body. The Krebs cycle forms 2 pyruvate molecules. Each pyruvate molecule formed in the cytoplasm from one molecule of glucose yields another molecule of what?

Plasma membrane

The cell membrane is also called what?

B. Neurons C. Skeletal muscle cells D. Cardiac muscle cells

The human body has non dividing cells that have left the cell cycle and are not capable of mitotic division once an infant is born. What are the non dividing cells? Mark all that apply.

A. Direct communication between adjacent cells C. Autocrine and paracrine signaling D. Endocrine or synaptic signaling

The human body has several means of transmitting information between cells what are they? Select all that apply.

Extract energy from organic compounds

What do the mitochondria do?

Cytoplasm

The three main parts of a cell are the nucleus, the _____________, and the cell membrane.

Produces proteins

There are two forms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) found in a cell. They are rough and the smooth ER. What does the rough ER do in a cell?