patho ch 40

A client with a newly diagnosed adrenal tumor asks the nurse, "So what kind of hormones will be affected if I have my adrenal gland removed?" Which response(s) by the nurse is accurate to relay to this client? Select all that apply. "It could interfere with your thyroid hormone levels." "Blood glucose levels may become elevated." "You will have changes in your sympathetic nervous system responses to stress." "Your growth hormones will be affected." "It could affect sodium and potassium electrolyte levels."

"You will have changes in your sympathetic nervous system responses to stress." "It could affect sodium and potassium electrolyte levels." "Blood glucose levels may become elevated."

When discussing luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with students, the instructor will emphasize that these hormones are under the control of: Pancreas Thyroid gland Anterior pituitary gland Posterior adrenal cortex

Anterior pituitary gland

A student asks the faculty member, "I just do not get how a hormone can be produced within a neuron and then travel via the blood to affect target cells. Can you give me a couple of examples of this phenonmen?" Which faculty response(s) answers this student's question? Select all that apply. Epinephrine Testerostone Antidiuretic hormone Parathyroid hormone Insulin

Antidiuretic hormone Epinephrine

The nurse is planning to collect a 24-hour urine sample for hormone assay. In which situation does the nurse collaborate with the health care provider to find an alternate type of testing? Client has anemia. Client has hypothyroidism. Client has diabetes. Client has anuria.

Client has anuria.

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland? Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Growth hormone (GH) Norepinephrine Oxytocin

Growth hormone (GH)

A nurse examines the laboratory values of a client in heart failure. Which value indicates a compensatory hormone mechanism? Decreased red blood cell count Elevated serum pH Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone Decreased hematocrit

Elevated atrial natriuretic hormone

Release and synthesis of anterior pituitary hormones are mainly regulated by which part of the body? Hypothalamus Thymus gland Cell receptors Adrenal gland

Hypothalamus

________________ is the term used for thyroid insufficiency in adults.

Myxedema

An adult client with suspected hypothyroidism is scheduled for a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test to evaluate pituitary response. Which test results would confirm secondary hypothyroidism? Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) No increase in TSH Increased calcitonin No increase in calcitonin

No increase in TSH

Which hormone will elicit a more rapid response than the others? Prolactin Norepinephrine Adrenocorticotropic hormone Insulin

Norepinephrine

Which gland is often referred to as the master gland because it secretes many hormones? Pituitary Hypothalamus Pancreas Thyroid

Pituitary

Hormones are chemical messengers that provide which function in the body? Transport fatty acids and lipids Cause one specific tissue effect Regulate body functions Initiate immune reactions

Regulate body functions

A client has received an injection containing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and is now being assessed for serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Which type of diagnostic testing is this client undergoing? Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Stimulation testing Suppression testing Autoantibody testing

Stimulation testing

The physician suspects a client may be experiencing hypofunction of an endocrine organ. Select the most appropriate test to determine organ function. Genetic testing Stimulation tests Suppression tests Imaging studies

Stimulation tests

These hormones increase the metabolic rate; increase protein and bone turnover; increase responsiveness to catecholamines; are necessary for fetal and infant growth and development.

T3 (protein) , T4 (blood lvl)

While discussing the elimination of hormones from the body to prevent overaccumulation, which hormones are eliminated in bile?

Unbound adrenal hormones Gonadal steroid hormones Thyroid hormone

An adult client presents to the emergency department after an episode of syncope. Blood pressure is low and the pulse is thready and rapid. The client frequently voids large amounts of pale, clear urine. Lung sounds are clear and skin turgor is inelastic. Which endocrine disorder is the likely cause of these manifestations? Diabetes insipidus Hyperparathyroidism Myxedema Gigantism

diabetes insipidus

A client with hyperthyroidism is being treated with medication that blocks the activity of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Her care team has determined that she has been overproducing TSH. This client will have lost her ability to: have positive feedback regulation. have negative feedback regulation. metabolize TSH. metabolize thyroxin.

have negative feedback regulation.

Release of the female hormone estradiol during the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle causes increased release of gonadotropin (FSH), which further increases release of estradiol until the follicle dies and ceases production. this is what type of feedback

positive

A ________________________ mechanism occurs when one hormonal or physiologic factor stimulates further hormonal release, creating a cascade that will increase until corrected.

positive feedback

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) performs which role in the functioning of the endocrine system? Mediating hormone synthesis by non-vesicle-mediated pathways Acting as a second messenger to mediate hormone action on target cells Acting as a high-affinity receptor on the surface of target cells Inactivating hormones to prevent excess accumulation

Acting as a second messenger to mediate hormone action on target cells

When hypofunction of an endocrine organ is suspected, which type of diagnostic test can be administered to measure and assess target gland response? Antibody binding 24-hour urine Hormone stimulation Agglutination

Hormone stimulation

Which gland acts as a signal relaying bridge between multiple body systems and the pituitary gland? Posterior pituitary Hypothalamus Thyroid Parathyroid

Hypothalamus

Which statement best explains the function of hormone receptors? Hormone receptors respond to decreasing hormone levels by producing a decrease in receptor numbers. Hormone receptors are located within the red blood cells and carry hormones to the target cells. Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the hormonal signal into a cellular response. Hormone receptors produce antibodies to block certain hormones from entering the cell.

Hormone receptors recognize a specific hormone and translate the hormonal signal into a cellular response.

What is an advantage of assessing hormone levels through collection of a 24-hour urine? Results can be accurately assessed even if urine is not preserved correctly. Accuracy isn't affected if some voiding is not included in the sample. Scheduled urine collections can be difficult to achieve. It does not require serum collection for an accurate reading.

It does not require serum collection for an accurate reading.

A client with a history of brain tumors that resulted in partial removal of the pituitary gland years ago expresses concern to the health care provider about whether she will be able to breast-feed her infant. Which physiologic function of the pituitary gland facilitates breast milk production? Prolactin Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) Oxytocin Growth hormone (GH)

Prolactin

A health care provider is assessing a client for a potential endocrine disorder. Assessment findings identify abnormalities with emotion, pain, and body temperature. Which mechanism of endocrine control will require further laboratory/diagnostic assessment? Cerebellum Anterior pituitary Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus

hypothalamus

An infant whose mother had myxedema during the pregnancy has failed to meet standards for growth and is developmentally delayed. Which hormonal imbalance is this child exhibiting? hyperthyroidism calcium difficiency hypothyroidism hypoglycemia dopamine insufficiency

hypothyroidism

when hormones act locally on cells other than those that produce the hormone

paracrine