PATHO Final Nclex

Which condition does the nurse suspect in a client who complains of nocturia, bladder pain, urinary frequency, urgency, and dribbling at the end of urination with a digital rectal examination report indicating enlargement of prostate tissue surrounding the urethra? 1. Prostatitis 2. Paraphimosis 3. Prostate cancer 4. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Which intervention would the nurse include when developing a plan of care for a client with compartment syndrome? 1. Bivalve the cast 2. Apply cold compresses 3. Loosen the bandage applied 4. Evaluate the client's level of pain 5. Elevate the extremity above heart level

Bivalve the cast Loosen the bandage applied Evaluate the client's level of pain

Which caring for a client who sustained severe head injury in an accident, the nurse observes that the client is constantly passing urine and is dehydrated. What does the nurse suspect as the cause for the client's condition? 1. Decreased secretion of aldosterone 2. Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone 3. Decreased secretion of parathyroid hormone 4. Decreased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone

Which client is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)? 1. 15-year-old male who plays video games 6 hours per day 2. 36-year-old female with a history of gestational diabetes 3. 47-year-old male who weighs 250 pounds and is 5' 9" tall 4. 28-year-old female with polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS) 5. 60-year-old male of Native American descent who abuses alcohol

ALL

A client admitted with a femur fracture 24 hours ago becomes confused. A nurse should immediately: 1. Assess for petechiae 2. Administer oxygen 3. Check for bilateral foot warmth and pedal pulses 4. Request that the health care provider change the pain medication

Assess for petechiae

Which vascular component of the client's nephron delivers arterial blood from the glomerulus into the peritubular capillaries or the vasa recta? 1. Arcuate artery 2. Efferent arteriole 3. Afferent arteriole 4. Interlobular artery

Efferent arteriole

Which medication would be administered to a client who reports sweating, tachycardia, and tremors with a laboratory report that reveals serum cortisol less than normal and a blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL? 1. Glucagon 2. Kayexalate 3. Hydrocortisone 4. Insulin with dextrose in normal saline

Glucagon

Which situation in a client with hyperthyroidism may precipitate thyroid crisis (thyroid storm)? 1. Increased iodine in the blood 2. Removal of the parathyroid glands 3. High levels of the hormone triiodothyronine 4. Rebound increase in metabolism after anesthesia

High levels of the hormone triiodothyronine

Which factor may contribute to a client developing urinary calculi? 1. Increase fluid intake 2. Urine specific gravity of 1.017 3. Jogging 3 miles a day 4. History of hyperparathyroidism

History of hyperparathyroidism

Which factor explains why a client who experiences an acute episode of rheumatoid arthritis has swollen finger joints? 1. Urate crystals in the synovial tissue 2. Inflammation in the joint's synovial lining 3. Formation of bony spurs on the joint surfaces 4. Deteriorating and loss of articular cartilage joints

Inflammation in the joint's synovial lining

Which statement regarding calcitonin is correct? 1. It is secreted by follicular cells. 2. Its actions are opposite to that of parathyroid hormone. 3. It decreases phosphorous levels by increasing bone resorption. 4. It works along with thyroid hormone to maintain normal calcium levels in blood

Its actions are opposite to that of parathyroid hormone.

Which complication associated with type 1 diabetes should the nurse include in the teaching plan for parents of a newly diagnosed child? 1. Obesity 2. Ketoacidosis 3. Resistance to treatment 4. Hypersensitivity to other medications

Ketoacidosis

Which clinical finding would the nurse expect during the physical assessment of an infant with developmental dysplasia of the hip? 1. Limited abduction of the affected hip 2. Downward and inward rotation of the affected hip 3. Inability to flex and extend the hip on the affected side 4. Free abduction of the affected hip when placed in the frog position

Limited abduction of the affected hip

Which test result would the nurse anticipate in the laboratory reports of a client with a diagnosis of end stage renal disease? 1. Arterial pH of 7.5 2. Hematocrit of 54% 3. Potassium of 6.3 mEq/L 4. Creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL

Potassium of 6.3 mEq/L

Which findings in a client may indicate potential thyrotoxic crisis? 1. Elevated serum calcium 2. Sudden drop in pulse rate 3. Hypothermia and dry skin 4. Rapid heartbeat and tremors

Rapid heartbeat and tremors

A client reports hair loss, joint pain, and a facial rash. The nurse documents the presence of a butterfly rash on the face in the client's medical record. Which disorder does the nurse suspect? 1. Scleroderma 2. Angioedema 3. Rheumatoid arthritis 4. Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus

An adolescent has pain, swelling, and inflammation of the testis, abdominal pain, and occasional immobilization of the scrotum. Which condition does the adolescent likely have? 1. Varicocele 2. Epididymitis 3. Testicular torsion 4. Testicular cancer

Testicular torsion

While a client with a fractured femur is being prepared for surgery, the client exhibits cyanosis, tachycardia, dyspnea, and restlessness. What should be the nurse's first action? 1. Call the health care provider 2. Administer oxygen by mask 3. Obtain an oxygen saturation level 4. Maintain the client in a semi-Fowler position

Administer oxygen by mask

Which information from the client's history would the nurse identify as a risk factor for developing osteoporosis? 1. Takes estrogen therapy 2. Receives long term steroid therapy 3. Has a history of hypoparathyroidism 4. Engages in strenuous physical activity

Receives long term steroid therapy

Which test is most important for determining whether a client's newly transplanted kidney is working effectively? 1. Renal scan 2. Serum creatinine 3. 24-hour urine output 4. White blood cell (WBC) count

Serum creatinine