patho practice questions

All these cellular responses are potentially reversible except necrosis. metaplasia. atrophy. hyperplasia.

necrosis

The membrane attack complex formed by complement is similar in function to 1 point CD4+. granzymes. gp120. perforin.

perforin

A 17-year-old college-bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of secondary prevention. primary prevention. tertiary prevention. disease treatment

primary

The infectious substance of prions is 1 point glycophosphate RNA protein DNA

protein

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by 1 point donor antigens. recipient antibodies. donor T cells. recipient T cells.

recipient antibodies

Metaplasia is the replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. the transformation of a cell type to malignancy. an irreversible cellular adaptation. the disorganization of cells into various sizes, shapes, and arrangements.

replacement of one cell type with another

A patient with high blood pressure who is otherwise healthy is counseled to restrict sodium intake. This is an example of primary prevention. secondary prevention. tertiary prevention. disease treatment.

secondary

An obese but otherwise healthy teen is given a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program. This is an example of primary prevention. secondary prevention. tertiary prevention. disease treatment.

secondary

The hypersensitivity reaction that occurs after a person who is allergic to bee stings is stung by a bee is called: 1 point hemolytic shock. anaphylaxis. necrotizing vasculitis. systemic erythematosus.

anaphylaxis

_____ may activate the complement system. 1 point Viruses Mast cells Antigen-antibody complexes Macrophages

antigen antibody complex

What is the first stage in the infectious process? 1 point Invasion Spread Multiplication Colonization

colonization

Apoptosis is a process that results in cellular 1 point atrophy. death. proliferation. mutation.

death

Leukocytosis with a "shift to the left" refers to 1 point elevated segmented neutrophils. elevated immature neutrophils. decreased monocytes. decreased immature neutrophils.

elevated immature neutrophils

A disease that is native to a particular region is called epidemic. endemic. pandemic. ethnographic.

endemic

Which manifestation of inflammation is systemic? 1 point Formation of exudates Redness and heat Pain and edema Fever and leukocytosis

fever and leukocytosis

An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is 1 point complement. antigen-antibody immune complexes. T cells. histamine.

histamine

An increase in organ size and function due to increased workload is termed atrophy. hypertrophy. metaplasia. inflammation.

hypertrophy

Common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by: 1 point IgE. IgM. IgG. T Cells.

igE

Coagulative necrosis is caused by dissolving of dead cells and cyst formation. . trauma or pancreatitis. lung tissue damage. interrupted blood supply.

interrupted blood supply

The nurse is reviewing the complete blood count of a client who presents with fever. The white blood cell count of the client is 15,000 cells/mL. Which condition has the client developed? 1 point Leukocytosis Leukopenia Neutrophilia None of the above

leukocytosis

Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis. coagulative caseous liquefactive fat

liquefactive

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because - massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation. -toxins released into the blood interfere with cardiac function. -anaphylaxis results in large volume losses secondary to sweating. -hypoxia due to bronchoconstriction impairs cardiac function

massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation.

what is the mechanism in type 111 hypersensitivity reactions? Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface.

Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues.

Which cells are primary targets for HIV? 1 point CD4+ Th cells, macrophages, and NK cells CD4+ Th cells only CD8-positive Tc cells and plasma cells CD8-positive Tc cells only

CD4+ Th cells, macrophages, and NK cells

What is the mechanism in type IV hypersensitivity reactions? 1 point - Antibodies coat mast cells by binding to receptors that signal its degranulation followed by discharge of preformed mediators. -Antibodies bind to soluble antigens that were released into body fluids and the immune complexes are deposited in the tissues. -Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly. -Antibodies bind to the antigen on the cell surface..

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing Th1 cells attack and destroy cellular targets directly.

For which microorganisms is the skin the site of reproduction? 1 point Viruses Protozoa and rickettsiae Bacteria and fungi ycoplasma

bac and fungi

The prevalence of disease depends upon 1 point The incidence rate The duration of the illness Both the incidence rate and the duration of the illness Neither the incidence rate nor the duration of the illness Clear selection Submit Clear form

both incidence & duration rate

Which of the following is a characteristic of HIV? 1 point The virus is a retrovirus. It only infects T helper cells. It carries genetic information in DNA. Five strains have been identified.

the virus is a retrovirus

What process causes heat and redness that occur during the inflammatory process? 1 point Platelet aggregation Increased capillary permeability Vasodilation Endothelial cell contraction

vasodilation