Pathophysiology- Chapter 17- The Point
What does the tricuspid valve do?
Controls the flow between the right atria and ventricle
The physician states that a client has adequate collateral circulation. The nurse interprets this as?
Long-term compensatory regulation of blood flow
A nurse is assessing a client and becomes concerned that the client may be experiencing heart failure. What would be the best indicator to determine pressure being exerted on the right side of the heart?
Central venous pressure.
A client has been placed on bed rest. What percentage of the blood volume will be distributed to the client's pulmonary circulation?
25%
A client's echocardiogram identified a narrowed valve that has resulted in a decreased blood flow between the left atria and left ventricle. The nurse would interpret this as the?
Bicuspid valve also called the mitral valve
What is the correct sequence of blood return to the heart?
Capillaries, venues, veins, right atrium
What does the aortic valve do?
Controls flow between the left ventricle and aorta
A client has just experienced a stimulation of the vagus nerve, What will the nurse anticipate to manifest in the client?
Decreased heart rate
A client is admitted to the emergency department after experiencing a motor vehicle accident and sustaining multiple injuries with significant blood loss. The nurse predicts that the client will display what?
Decreased urinary output
What does the sympathetic nervous system do regarding the heart?
Has an excitatory influence on heart rate and contractility, serves as the final common pathway for controlling the smooth muscle tone of the blood vessels.
Humoral control of blood flow involves the effect of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances in the blood. What factor has a powerful vasodilator effect on arterioles and increases capillary permeability?
Histamine
A client has experience sympathetic nervous stimulation of the heart. The nurse is aware that the client may manifest what?
Increased heart rate and increased contractility
Blood from the systemic veins flow where?
Into the right atrium of the heart
The nurse determines that the capillary pore exchange of a client's gases, nutrients, and/or waster products would be best facilitated by what?
Liver
The nurse is teaching a client diagnosed with heart failure about preload. What would be the most appropriate information to provide?
Preload represents the volume work of the heart
A nurse is teaching a client the correct technique for taking an arterial pulse. The nurse explains that the pulsations are?
Pressure pulses
A nurse is explaining the conduction system of the heart to a client who is experiencing an arrhythmia. What would be the most appropriate explanation
Sinoatrial node (SA), internodal pathways, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
What is the tunica media?
Smooth muscle and elastic fiber layer, regulated by sympathetic nervous system. Constricts to regulate & control the diameter of the vessel
The health care provider is concerned that a client has developed a decrease in cardiac output. Cardiac out may be calculated as?
Stroke volume x heart rate SVxHR= CO
What does the conduction system consist of?
The SA node, internodal pathways, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
A nursing instructor is explaining arterial circulation to a group of nursing students. Which of the following is the most appropriate information for the nurse to provide?
The arterial side of the circulation contains one sixth of the total blood volume.
Select the client who may be at risk for developing an increase in resistance to blood flow.
The client admitted to the intensive care unit for extreme dehydration
What does the pulmonic valve control?
The flow between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
What happens in a turbulent blood flow?
The laminar stream is disrupted and the flow becomes mixed, moving radially (crosswise) and axially (lengthwise).
What is the outermost layer of a vessel called?
Tunica adventitious and tunica externa
The nurse identifies the blood vessel layer that constricts to regulate and control diameter as?
Tunica media
Does body position affect the distribution of blood volume?
Yes.
What does the bicuspid valve do?
allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
What is pulse pressure?
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure and reflects the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle in a single beat
What is the tunica intima?
innermost layer of blood vessels that prevents platelet adherence and blood clotting.
Which of the following blood flow patterns reduces friction, allowing the blood layers to slide smoothly over one another?
laminar
What is cardiac output?
stroke volume x heart rate; reflects the efficiency and work of the heart
What is preload?
volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole