Pearson Chapter 19 Review Questions

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What is the normal coagulation time for blood placed in a glass test tube?

8-18 minutes

What compound stimulates platelet aggregation?

ADP

What hormone is locally produced and causes smooth muscle contraction during the vascular phase?

ADP

Clot destruction involves a process that begins with _______________

Activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin

Lymphoid stem cells develop into _____________

B cells and T cells

What type of blood would cause a cross-reaction when given to a person with type A-positive blood?

B positive

Patients on "blood thinners" such as Coumadin, are cautioned to restrain from eating green leafy vegetables. What is the reason behind such prescription?

Green leafy vegetables are rich in vitamin K, which is needed to synthesize some of the clotting factors.

Nonspecific defenses do not discriminate between one type of threat or another. The specific immune response will provide a counterattack against specific types of invading pathogens. What cell type is responsible for specific defense?

Lymphocytes

Platelets are formed from large cells called ______________

Megakaryocytes

Protein synthesis in a mature RBC occurs primarily in the ___________

Mitochondria

Which type of white blood cell circulates in the blood for about 24 hours before entering the tissues and differentiating into a macrophage?

Monocyte

Myeloid stem cells develop into ____________

Natural killer cells

Which blood cell is responsible for carrying out immune surveillance?

Natural killer cells

A runny nose is one of the symptoms of allergy or a cold. Which cell is responsible for causing the runny nose?

Neutrophils

What type of white blood cell is involved in fighting off parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms?

Neutrophils

What type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut?

Neutrophils

Which group of white blood cells are classified as granulocytes?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

If agglutinogen B meets with agglutinin anti-A, what is the result?

No agglutination occurs

In which pregnancy are an Rh-positive mom and an Rh-positive child at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis?

No pregnancy

A person who was faithfully avoiding eating any fats could have problems with blood clotting. Why would blood clotting be affected?

They could not produce platelets

How do basophils respond to an injury?

They produce antibodies

Which two enzymes are needed to convert plasminogen to plasmin?

Thrombin and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

When clots are formed in deep veins (deep vein thrombosis), one of the dangers is that the clot can travel to the lungs. This condition is known as ___________________

Thrombocytopenia

A major substance that stimulates platelet formation is ____________

Thrombopoietin

A condition in which platelet counts are low is known as ____________

Thrombosis

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, prevent clotting by inhibiting formation of what substance by the platelets?

Thromboxane A2

A blood clot attached to the luminal (inner) surface of a blood vessel is called a ______________

Thrombus

A loose and traveling blood clot is referred to as a ______________

Thrombus

Bedridden patients, due to inactivity, may end up with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The treatment of choice is administration of ______________ to dissolve any formed clots.

Tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA)

The primary function of a mature red blood cell is ____________

Transport of respiratory gases

Which blood type can safely be transfused into a person with type O blood?

Type AB

What type of blood is considered to be the "universal donor"?

Type O negative

What is the primary site of erythropoiesis in an adult?

Bone marrow

Platelets promote vessel repair by releasing __________

Calcium

What effects almost every aspect of the clotting process?

Calcium ions and vitamin K

What type of molecules are the antigens found on our blood cells?

Carbohydrates

A decreased number of megakaryocytes would interfere with what process?

Cell-mediated immunity

In the _____________ phase of hemostasis, fibrin is deposited, which creates a solid blood clot.

Coagulation

What substance is released from basophils to prevent blood from clotting?

EPO

In the process of hemostasis, what triggers the Extrinsic Pathway of the coagulation phase?

Factor III (Tissue Factor or TF)

During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to __________

Ferritin

Thrombin is required to convert _________________

Fibrinogen to fibrin

A deficiency in production of Protein C results in problems with _____________

Fibrinolysis

In the ____________ phase of hemostasis, local contraction of an injured blood vessel occurs

Fibrinolysis

Signs of iron-deficiency anemia include ________________

Increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin, and O2 carrying capacity

Placing blood in a test tube initiates which pathway in the clotting process?

Intrinsic pathway

How does heparin prevent clot formation?

It binds to thrombin and converts it to an enzyme that activated protein C

What is the term for the characteristic of white blood cells in which they are attracted to a specific chemical stimulus?

Phagocytosis

What does the term thrombocytopoiesis mean?

Platelet production

In order to produce a massive amount of fibrin molecules, thrombin needs to be present. To ensure abundance of thrombin production, thrombin stimulates its own production by stimulating the formation of tissue factor and PF-3, which activates further platelet aggregation. This pattern of stimulation is known as a ________________

Positive feedback loop

Megakaryocytes are specialized cells of the bone marrow that are responsible for ___________

Specific immune responses

Even if blood is carefully collected into a tube that has not been treated with an anticoagulant, it will clot. Which part of hemostasis is triggered by the activation of clotting factor XII?

The intrinsic pathway

What is hematocrit?

The percentage of formed elements in whole blood


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